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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
virus
Matt Anderson, DVM Suidae Health & Production
Iowa Pork Congress
January 28, 2015
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
virus Practical Experience
Management
recommendations
Biosecurity
Control strategies
Vaccine efficacy
Decisions regarding herd
exposure
Feed mitigation
American Association of Swine Veterinarians Alert
On Thursday May 16, 2013; National Veterinary Services
Laboratories (NVSL), in close collaboration with Iowa State
University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU-VDL),
reported that Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) has
been detected in the United States. PEDV is a coronavirus
associated with outbreaks of diarrhea and vomiting in swine.
It is not a zoonotic disease, does not affect people, and is
not a food safety concern.
Although this is the first known detection in the United
States, PED exists in many parts of the world and is not
considered a foreign animal disease in the US, but rather a
transboundary disease.
PED Detection in U.S. Swine –May 17, 2013
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) was detected by ISU-VDL and NVSL on May
13, 2013.
4 confirmed cases in sow herds (3 in Iowa, 1 in Indiana). Additional suspected
cases are being investigated in Illinois and Colorado. Clinical presentation includes
severe diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal pigs (>90%). Producers fed back fecal
material to sows resulting in vomiting and diarrhea.
PED is not included on the USDA or OIE lists of foreign animal diseases, and
USDA considers this to be “Transboundary Disease.” There is no requirement to
report the detection to OIE as an Immediate Report but will likely be reported on the
USDA’s routine six month or annual report.
No plans to institute quarantines or movement controls.
Sequencing has determined this virus to be 99.4% homologous with the 2012
Chinese virus.
The USDA’s Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health will be developing a
fact sheet, case definition and epidemiological survey.
Excerpt from AASV announcement
How Did it Get Here?
Not a single farm source with subsequent
spread
Presentation indicates a point source origin
of a virus previously found in China
Unrelated herds infected simultaneously
What are the connections???
– Not much
FAD’s were on our radar
FMD
ASF
CSF (Hog Cholera)
PRV
Secure Pork Plan
PED virus really wasn’t a virus we
put a lot of thought into
Weekly PEDv update, AASV website
– U
Canada and now the Ukraine
Time Marches On…
And so do the bugs…
– Swine Dysentery
– PRV
– PRRS
– Influenza A (H3N2, H1N2, etc.)
– PCV2 (circovirus)
– And now PED virus
To date…
3 distinct PED viruses
have been found in the
USA
PDCoV has also been
identified in the US
Why haven’t we seen
CSF, FMD, or ASF?
Original Observations
High mortality TGE-like disease in multiple sow
herds in 4/5 geographically separate states
Explosive pockets of infections
There certainly was area spread
Then as these herds began to wean pigs, infected
pigs were moved into nurseries and then finishers
and/or WTF barns
Subsequent Observations
Newly placed nursery pigs, from non-infected sow
farms, infected in first 24-48 hours post placement
Finisher pigs infected during marketing
Infected site marketed, site cleaned up, new pigs
come in and immediately became infected
Clean isn’t always clean enough, farm-wise and
truck-wise!
Infections in N/G/F
Nurseries 3-4% additional mortalities and culls
Finishers 0-2% additional mortalities and culls
PED virus is not a growth stimulant!
– Commonly pigs will be held back 12-15 days
How was our Biosecurity in
April, 2013
Better than it was ten years ago and not bad
overall.
Was our Biosecurity good
enough to stop area spread of
PEDv?
NO!
What’s Going on?
Piglet transport trucks infected
Market trucks infected at plants or at truck washes
Site clean up has to be very rigorous
Sow herd eradication is a topic for a different day
PRRS
– “there are two kinds of herds, those who have it
and those who are going to get it.”
PEDv
– Industry chatter sounded pretty familiar
– Sense of inevitability
– Talk of intentional exposure during summer
months
If you don’t have it, do you really want it?
Approximately 60% of US
sows have experienced PEDv
Approximately 12% of SH&P
managed client sows have
experienced a PEDv break
Why the difference?
Points of Exposure
Piglet trucking
Market trucks
Feed trucks
Manure hauling
Supplies
– Meds, creep feed, milk replacer, etc.
Supply trucks
Feed
Feed
Corn
DDGS
Animal source ingredients
– Plasma, peptones, etc.
Vitamins
Feed trucks themselves
Feed Research
Research done by groups indicating feed
can carry virus
Mitigation research
Anecdotal examples of infections
Sow herd elimination
vs
control or management
In 2 of 3 sow herds elimination has been
relatively easy
In 1 of 3, not so much
Virus elimination
All protocols I’m aware of are dependent on
point in time exposure protocols
– The protocols for feedback have varied greatly-
from very aggressive to semi-aggressive.
I believe the challenge lies in clean up, not
in exposure
Model of production
All in/All out farrowing rooms
Piglet holding rooms
Etc.
Cleanliness Redefined
Problem spots
– Common, wet hallways
– Lactation feeders
– Lactation manure storage, shallow pits
Disinfectant protocols
Multiple disinfectants work
Contact time is important
Drying is very important
Temperature assisted drying may be helpful
Upgraded effort
Hallways disinfected every day
Super heated farrowing rooms
Manure removal from shallow pits under
farrowing crates
PEDv Challenge
Keep it out when you
can
Eliminate it if you
must
Be generally unwilling
to live with ongoing
infection
Sow herd elimination
vs
control or management
In 2 of 3 sow herds elimination has been
relatively easy
In 1 of 3, not so much
If you are convinced your only
option is managed control…
Gilt exposure
Vaccine
PEDv Vaccine
Currently two on the market
– Harris Vaccines
– Zoetis
More on the way with the liklyhood that
there will be a modified live vaccine at
some point
PEDv Vaccine
Colostral Immunity vs lactogenic immunity
Prevention vs Aids in the control of…
PEDv Vaccine
Vaccine experiences
Negative herds
Acutely positive herds attempting to go
negative
Control strategies
Kudo’s to the US Pork
Industry Competition went out the
window
Associations and members
came together
Many research projects
have been funded
Progress has been made
My challenge to the Industry
International trade is occurring at a high
level and we want that to increase
Many of our inputs come from countries
with a different animal health picture than
ours
25% of our domestic product is exported
My challenge to the Industry
If this had been a true FAD 2014 and 2015
would have looked substantially different
than they do today
Secure Pork
That I’m aware of, there is no plan for
catastrophic market loss
Weekly PEDv update, AASV website
Trucks are important!
Some farms don’t have dedicated piglet transport
Some farms don’t always (ever) use clean trucks
to take pigs to market
Some farms, transport companies wash but don’t
disinfect
Immediate concern
Uncontaminated trucks might be coming away
from plants contaminated
Lowe study (NPB, NPPC, AASV)
Piglet transport
Dedicated piglet transport trucks that carry one
owner’s pigs with thorough wash process in
between
How clean is clean enough?
Total absence of organic matter
Dry, dry, dry
Disinfected with a high quality disinfectant
– Regular check of disinfectant calibration
– I like this being foamed on to increase contact time
Baking or forced air heat?
– May be helpful but may not be enough
How clean is clean enough?
Only absolute clean will suffice and you can’t be
too clean!
Biosecurity Concerns
Tranport trucks
Rendering trucks
Feed trucks
Manure Handling Equipment
Anything that will move manure---manure
equipment, birds, fomites, etc., etc., etc.
General Concerns
Plant unload process
Recycled flush water
Cabs, equipment, boxes
Wet trucks
Any organic matter at all
Feed trucks
Anything that will move manure---manure
equipment, birds, fomites, etc., etc., etc.
Weekly PEDv update, AASV website
Weekly PEDv update, AASV website
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