View
220
Download
4
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Population, Urbanization, and the EnvironmentChapter 17
17-2Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Demography
The study of the size, composition, growth, and distribution of human populations
Malthus TheoremPopulation grows geometrically;
food supply grows arithmeticallyExponential growth curve
17-3Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
The New Malthusians
Exponential growth curve
17-4Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
The Anti-Malthusians Perspective
Demographic transition
Population shrinkage
17-5Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Feminism and the Population Debate
Emancipate women from patriarchal decision making
To achieve population control, provide women with economic opportunities, education about birth control, and women’s rights
17-6Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Why Are People Starving?
Imbalance of supply and demand
Famines are due to outmoded agricultural techniques and political instability
17-7Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Why the Least Industrialized Nations Have So Many Children?
Motherhood is women’s purpose Children are a sign of God’s blessing Children are economic assets Feminist perspective: men control
women’s reproductive choices
17-8Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Population Growth Demographic Variables Fertility
1. Fertility Rate2. Fecundity3. Crude Birth Rate
Mortality Crude death rate
Migration Net migration rate
17-9Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Forecasting Population Growth
The basic demographic equationGrowth Rate = Births – Deaths +
Net Migration Zero Population Growth
17-10Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Urbanization
The Development of CitiesCity
• A place where a large number of people are permanently based and do not produce their own food
Industrialization and Urbanization
17-11Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
The Development of Cities
Urbanization Metropolis Megalopolis Urban patterns in Canada
17-12Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Models of Urban Growth
The Concentric Zone Model The Sector Model The Multiple-Nuclei Model Critique of the Models
17-13Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Models of Urban Growth
17-14Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Contemporary City Life
AlienationGemeinschaftGesellschaft
Community Types of Urban Dwellers
the “Cosmopolitan”the “Singles”the “Ethnic Villagers”the “Trapped”
17-15Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Contemporary City Life
Creating communities in the urban setting
Suburbanization Deindustrialization and globalization
17-16Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
The Natural Environment
Environmental Issues in the Most Industrialized NationsFossil Fuels & Environmental
Degradation• Acid rain• Greenhouse effect• Global warming
The Energy Shortage, Internal Combustion, & Multinational Corporations
17-17Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
The Natural Environment
Environmental Issues in Industrializing NationsLack of funds to purchase
pollution controlsFew antipollution laws
• e.g., Mexico City
17-18Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Canada & the Kyoto Protocol
February 16, 2005 Greenhouse gases U.S., Australia, Monaco China and India
17-19Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
The Environmental Movement
Green parties Politics, legislation, and education Environmental Sociology
17-20Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Ecofeminism and the Environment
Ecofeminism: Stresses violence to nature as we provide material abundance and oppose the patriarchal approach to control nature
Harmony between Technology and the Environment
17-21Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Technology & the Environment
Harmony between technology and the natural environment
Recommended