Population- Environmental Piggybacking: Integrating an Environmental Module into Guatemala's...

Population-Environmental Piggybacking:

Integrating an Environmental Module into Guatemala's

Demographic and Health Survey

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By: Liza Grandia, President ProPetén, Board of Directors

&Ph.D. Candidate

UC-Berkeley, Department of Anthropology

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All-weather dirt road

inaugurated in 1969

connecting Peten with Guatemala

City

Petén’s Population, 1714-present

-

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000Year

c

Petén has grown by around 10% annually since 1960. Roughly 2/3 of that growth has been

from in-migration and 1/3 from natural reproduction.

Source: Schwartz (1990) A Forest Society

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Between the 1960s and 1990s, more than half

Petén’s forests were lost.

View over Tikal

Photo Credit: Ericka Moerkerken

• Established in 1990 by the Guatemalan Congress• 16,000 km2, twice the size of Yellowstone• Largest protected area north of the Amazon• Sub-tropical forests, wetlands, and savannas• Heartland of the ancient Maya civilization and home to the ruins of Tikal• High level of biodiversity and an important habitat for migratory birds

Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR)

DosLagunasEl

MiradorRíoAzul

Tikal

Cerro Cahuí

Laguna delTigre

Laguna del

Tigre

Sierra delLacandón

ElZotz

Flores

P arques N aciona lesB io toposZona de U sos M últip lesZona de Am ortiguam iento

N

Maya Biosphere Reserve

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Settlements in the Maya Biosphere Reserve

Source: Grunberg, et al. CARE/CEMEC-CONAP

Population ProjectionsWorking-Age Men (15-19) in the

Maya Biosphere Reserve

From forestry to family planning?

Photo credit: Liza Grandia Photo credit: Liza Grandia

Conservation with Humanity

MissionGenerate innovative processes that facilitate the conservation of the natural and cultural heritage of Petén by fostering sustainable and equitable development based on community participation, relevant scientific research, strategic alliances and policy.

Thematic focusPopulation, health and environmentEnvironmental educationEconomic alternatives for sustainable developmentRelevant research and advocacy

www.propeten.org

Peten DHS Themes Migration Agriculture Land extension and tenure Conservation and environmental knowledge and opinions Pesticides Population perceptions Wage labor and nontimber forest products

Additional themes

Agrarian issues (inheritance and relation to family size) Land speculation and concentration Environmental opinions Environmental justice issues Traditional medicine Nutrition and agriculture, local foods

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Guatemala

• 1978: 6.8

• 1987: 5.6

• 1995: 5.1

• 1998: 5.0

• 2002: 4.4

Petén in 1998• Overall: 6.8

• Urban: 4.3

• Rural7.6(indigenous 8.6)

(mestizo 6.1)

Source: Demographic and Health Surveys, Guatemala

Petén in 2002• Overall: 5.8

Breakdown not

available

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The community health post in Paso Caballos, built after this village burned down the Conservation International biological station in Laguna del Tigre National Park.

Primary Health Care in Critical Conservation Areas

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Midwifery trainings

Hands-on midwifery training

Photo credit: ProPeten

Photo credit: Liza Grandia

Photo credit: ProPeten

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Medicinal Plants

Photo credit: ProPeten

Photo credit: Liza Grandia

Photo credit: ProPeten

Demographic Analysis

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From the 1998/99 Petˇn DHS

Indi-genous

Ladino

Total Fertility Rate 8.6 6.1 Ideal Family Size 4.4 3.7 Percentage of women who do n ot want more children

37.4% 42.0%

Percentage of women who would be ŅhappyÓ about another pregnancy

24.2% 14.3%

Percentage of women who would be ŅsadÓ about another pregnancy

59.8% 48.8%

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Map of Remedios Program Area

Photo Credit: Ericka Moerkerken

Photo Credit: Ericka Moerkerken

Photo Credit: Ericka Moerkerken

Photo Credit: Ericka Moerkerken

Photo Credit: Ericka Moerkerken