POLYMERS & COMPOSITES - ts. · PDF fileCONCRETE AND MORTARS ... FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS...

POLYMERS & COMPOSITEST2 - MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY

Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites

POLYMERS

PRE-COLUMBIAN TIMES 1907-1ST SYNTHETIC POLYMER TODAY

FROM TO

SYNTHETIC POLYMERS

LARGE MOLECULE COMPOSED OF A CHAIN OR NETWORK OF SMALL REPEATINGSUB-UNITS CALLED MONOMERS

NATURAL POLYMERS

CELLULOSE

PROTEINS(ie. Resilin, Elastin)

NATURALRUBBER

ETFE PVC NYLON

EPOXIESSILICONE SYNTHETICRUBBER

WHAT IS IT?

SYNTHETIC POLYMERS CLASSIFICATION

ETFE, PVC, POLYETHYLENENYLON, POLYSTYRENE, PTFE

POLYESTER RESIN, EPOXIES, DUROPLAST, SILICONE

SYNTHETIC RUBBERS…

Source: Ensinger

THERMOPLASTICS THERMOSETS ELASTOMERS

• Unlike Elastomers and Thermosets the molecular chains are not cross-linked.

• Therefore, they demonstrate Plastic behaviour and are thermoformable (meltable and weldable)

• Soft when hated and hard when cold

• 3-Dimensional Closely-meshed cross linking which means they cannot be shaped after hardening.

• Not meltable

• Good chemical resistance and high level of thermal stability

• Hard and Brittle

• Wide-meshed cross-linking of knotted molecular chains

• High level of dimensional stability but still elastically maleable

• Not meltable

POLYMERS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Relative good Strength and Young’s Modulus

COMPOSITES

CONCRETE AND MORTARS

FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS

METAL COMPOSITES CERAMIC COMPOSITES WOOD COMPOSITES

MEMBRANES

COMPOSITESA MATERIAL MADE FROM 2 OR MORE MATERIALS WITH SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTIES TO IMPROVE STIFFNESS, STRENGTH, DURABILITY, ETC

A COMBINATION OF A MATRIX AND A REINFORCEMENT

CONCRETE AND MORTARS

FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS

METAL COMPOSITES CERAMIC COMPOSITES WOOD COMPOSITES

MEMBRANES

COMPOSITESA MATERIAL MADE FROM 2 OR MORE MATERIALS WITH SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTIES TO IMPROVE STIFFNESS, STRENGTH, DURABILITY, ETC

A COMBINATION OF A MATRIX AND A REINFORCEMENT

FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS - FRPMECHANICAL PROPERTIES

• High strength to weight ratio

• Very low stiffness (Young´s Modulus)

• Low Thermal connectivity compared to metals (Steel, Aluminium)

• Potentially low coefficient of Thermal Expansion

• Among Others

THIS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES CAN BE TAILORED BY CONTROLLING THE FOLLOWING FACTORS:

• Fibre Type

• Matrix Type

• Fibre Length

• Fibre Orientation

• Fibre Volume Fraction - The proportion of fibres in the material

• Moderate strength

• Low Young's Modulus

• Low Cost

• Thermal conductivity about >100 times lower than aluminium (~1.2W/mK).

GLASS FIBRES ARAMID FIBRESCARBON FIBRES

3 MAIN TYPE OF FIBRES USED:

• High strength

• Very High Young’s Modulus

• High Cost

• High strength

• Moderate Young’s Modulus

• Excellence toughness and impact resistance

• Cost as high as Carbon Fibres

• Thermal conductivity about >2000 times lower than aluminium

FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS - CLASSIFICATION

CASE STUDIES

EDEN PROJECTGRIMSHAW ARCHITECTS, CORNWALL, 2000

Grimshaw Architects

Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock

Grimshaw Architects

Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites

Grimshaw Architects

DesignApproach:LightweightStructuredesignfrom3irstPrinciples:Ef3iciency,IntegrationofArchitectureExpressionandStructure.

Structure:Light-weightSteelStructureHexagonalModulesthatrangeindiameterfrom5to11m.

Thickness(t):Variates

Span(L):Domesrangefrom18-65mradius.Totalarea23.000sqm

MainMaterial:ETFEFilms.

Young’sModulus(E):15GPa(ETFE)

Grimshaw Architects

ELYTRA FILAMENT PAVILIONACHIM MENGES, V&A MUSEUM, 2016

Images Source: achimmenges.net

DesignApproach:LightweightStructureinspiredonthelightweightconstructionprinciplesfoundinthe3ilamentstructureoftheforewingsofElytras(3lyingbeetles),beingaverystrongandalsoaverylightstructure

Structure:Light-weightSteelHexagonalCells

Thickness(t):Usuallybetween0.25to1mm

Over200sqm

MainMaterial:TransparentGlassFibresandBlackCarbonFibres.

Young’sModulus(E):GFRP:15-28GPaCFRP:69-150GPa

ONE OCEAN PAVILIONSOMA, THEMATIC PAVILION SOUTH KOREA EXPO, 2012

Images Source: SOMA-Yeosu Expo 2012

FacadeDesignApproach:LightweightGRPadaptivefacadeinspiredbythenaturalswayofvarioustypesofvegetationinnature.

Structure:Light-weightSteelstructure

MainMaterial:GlassFibreReinforcedPlastic(GFRP)

Young’sModulus(E):GFRP:15-28GPa

ONE OCEAN PAVILION - KINETIC FACADE

Span(L):

Thelamellasoccupymorethan3000m2andeachLamellaspansbetween3-15metres

Images Source: The Silk Pavilion

THE SILK PAVILIONPROF. NERI OXMAN, MIT MEDIA LAB, 2013

FacadeDesignApproach:TheSilkPavilionexplorestherelationshipbetweendigitalandbiologicalfabricationonproductandarchitecturalscales.

Structure:

26polygonalpanelsmadeofsilkthreadslaiddownbyaCNCmachine+aMetalframe

CNCDepositedSilkFiber&SilkwormConstruction

MainMaterial:WormSilk,Silkthread

Images Source: Ark Nova, Isozaki+Kapoor

LUCERNE FESTIVAL ARK NOVAISOZAKI + KAPOOR, JAPAN, 2013

DesignApproach:

Structure:

PVCMembranein3latableStructure

MainMaterial:PVCMembrane

Span(L):around30m

Width:29mLength:36mHeight:18m

ARBOSKIN PAVILION U. OF STUTTGART, ITKE (INSTITUTE OF BUILDING STRUCTURES), 2013

Images Source: ARBOSKIN Pavilion Dezeen

THE BAD CAFENUDE, MUMBAI, 2016

Images Source: BAD Cafe - Dezeen

THANKS.

POLYMERS & COMPOSITES - ts. · PDF fileCONCRETE AND MORTARS ... FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS...

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