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Decomposition Biological ControlPollination
©wildlife‐pictures‐online.com © Peter Bryant© Jackie / Bugguide.net
Use of natural enemies to keep pest populations low
Predators
Parasitoids
Pathogens
Beetles
Pink Lady Beetle Adult
Molly Ja
cobson
, Bugguide.ne
tGayle and
Jeanell Strickland, BugGuide
.net
©Dou
glas A. Land
is
Adult Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle
©Bill Re
e, Bugwoo
d.org
Lady Beetle Larva©
Mary Gardine
r
©Ru
ss Otten
s, Bugwoo
d.org
Ground Beetle Adults and Larvae
© Ken Chamberlain, The Ohio State University
© Ken Chamberlain, The Ohio State University
© Ken Chamberlain, The Ohio State University
Flies
Hover Fly Adult
Mardo
n Erbland/bu
gguide
.net
1/2 to 3/4 inch long
Lesley Ingram
, Bugwoo
d.org
Merle She
pard, G
erald Ca
rner, and
P.A.C. O
oi, B
ugwoo
d.org
¼ to ½ inch long
Hover Fly Larva
Clem
son University
, Bugwoo
d.org
Aphid Predatory Fly
True Bugs
Damsel Bug©
Ken Ch
ambe
rlain. Ohio State University
©Mary Gardine
r
©Mary Gardine
r
Insidious Plant Bug or Minute Pirate Bug©
Peter Cristofono
, BugGuide
.org
©Mary Gardine
r©
Mary Gardine
r
Spined
Soldier Bug
©Marlin
E. R
ice
© Russ Ottens, University of Gerogia, Bugwood.org
©Mary Gardine
r
Wheel Bug
Lacewings
Green Lacewing Adult
Marvin and Jo Smith
/bugguide.ne
t
Tom M
urray/bu
gguide
.net
© Ken Chamberlain, The Ohio State University
Joseph
Berger, Bugwoo
d.Org
Bradley Higbe
e, Bugwoo
d.Org
© Ken Chamberlain, The Ohio State University
Brown Lacewing Adult
Lacewing Larva
Machele
White/bugguide.net Matt Edmonds/bugguide.net
David Cappaert/Bugwood.org
Parasitoids
© Troy Bartlett / Bugguide.net
©Mary Gardine
r
Parasitoid Wasp
© Scott Justis/ Bugguide.net
© Scott Justis/ Bugguide.net
©Scott Justis/ Bu
gguide
.net
©Pe
ter B
ryant
Parasitoid Wasp
© Troy Bartlett / Bugguide.net© Tony DiTerlizzi/ Bugguide.net
©To
ny DiTerlizzi
©Be
atiz M
oisset/ Bu
gguide
.net
©Marty DeA
ngelo/ Bugguide.ne
t
Parasitoid Wasp
Parasitoid FlyFeather‐legged Fly
(parasitoid of squash bug)
Celatoria diabroticae and C. setosa(parasitoids of cucumber beetles)
Spiders
© Piggyson / Bugguide.net© Elizabeth Greenwood / Bugguide.net
Spiders
Wolf Spider
Crab Spider
Jumping Spider
© Tony DiTerlizzi / Bugguide.net
© Matt Edmonds / Bugguide.net© Scott Radowski / Bugguide.net
Overwinter as egg mass
Feed on just about anything they can
catch in web
Immature and adults are predators
Diversity of plant structure for web
attachment, leave litter/stems during
winter to avoid disturbing egg masses
© Beatriz Moisset/ Bugguide.net
Orb Weaving Spider
Spiders
Funnel Spider
Spiders
Sheet Web Spider
PestsSquash Bug
Spotted Cucumber Beetle
Striped Cucumber Beetle
Predators
Stink Bugs
Ground Beetles
Ants
Lady Beetles
Squash bug lay eggs on
plant leaves/stems
Cucumber beetles lay
eggs at base of stem and
soil near plant
Eggs likely fed upon by
generalist predators
Do predators provide
significant biological
control of pest eggs?
• Spotted CB and Squash Bug eggs studied
• Live sterile colony eggs glued to cards
– OPEN/CLOSED treatments (4 reps)
– In the field for 48 hrs
– July‐August
Spotted cucumber Spotted cucumber
beetle eggsbeetle eggson groundon ground
Pumpkin Pests – Biological Control of Eggs
Squash bug eggs Squash bug eggs
attached to plant attached to plant
leavesleaves
Predators reduced squash bug
eggs by 10% and spotted
cucumber beetle by 80%!!
Pumpkin Pests – Biological Control of Eggs
Squash bug
eggs eaten
by predator
PestsSquash Bug
Spotted Cucumber Beetle
Striped Cucumber Beetle
Do we detect significant
parasitism of pests?
Pumpkin Pests – Biological Control of Adults
Celatoria sp
larval mouthparts
Pumpkin Pests – Biological Control of Adults
• 10‐17% of adult
pests were
parasitized!
• Does not account
for number which
may have been
killed by parasitoids
and not captured
Resources
Video: Natural Enemies of Vegetable Crop Pests
Link to PDF copy of Bulletin
Presentations:
Enhancing Natural Enemies Using Flowering Plants
Impacts of Tillage on Natural Enemies
Beneficial Nematodes
Natural Enemies and Insecticides
Coming Soon: Natural Enemy ID Phone App!
Questions?
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