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POLITICS & GOVERNMENT
Md. Sajib ChowdhuryID No: 16411069 Section: A
Department of International RelationsFaculty of Security and Strategic Studies (FSSS)
Bangladesh University of Professionals
KEY CONTENTS
POWER & AUTHORIT
Y3 Types of Authority
POLITICS IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIV
ES
Types of Politics
THEORIES OF POWER
IN SOCIETY
POWER AND AUTHORITY:SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS
POLITIC POWER MICROPOLITICS
MACROPOLITICS
LEGITIMATE POWER
ILLIGETIMATE POWER
GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITY
POWER AND AUTHORITY• Essentially, politics is associated with
the govt, kings, queens, coups, dictatorship, voting , etc. But the term actually has a much broader meaning.• Definition of Politics – polity
: Is the social institutions that distributes power, sets a society’s goals and make decision.: the exercise of power and attempts to maintain or to change power relations.
• – Max Weber claimed that every society is based on power. –Power is the ability to achieve desired
ends despite resistance from others. –Power is the ability to carry out one’s
will, even over the resistance of others.–Power struggles – workers with their
bosses, power struggle within family members, (all these attempts to gain or keep power) these also consider as political actions.
Definition of Power
• Therefore, in our everyday life, we practice power. Additionally, the elements of power according to symbolic interactionist could be categorized into two:i) Micropolitics – to refer to the
exercise of power in everyday lifeii)Macropolitics – refers to the
exercise of power over a large group
E.g.: the governments; whether dictatorship or democracies, they are the examples of macropolitics.
POWER AND AUTHORITY• For every society development, it is
inevitably for a society to encompassed a system of leadership.
• Some people must have power over others• Weber perceive power into two type that is
legitimate power and illegitimate power.–Legitimate power : is called as authority
i.e. power people accept as right.– Illegitimate power : known as coercion
i.e. power that people do not accept as just.
POWER AND AUTHORITY• The use of power is the business of government.
Government is a formal organization that directs the political life of a society.
• How do government try to make itself seem legitimate in the eyes of the people?
• Through – “authority” as mentioned by Weber.• Authority - power that people perceive as
legitimate rather than coercive. This relations of power authority is legitimate
• How do governments transform raw power into more stable authority?
POWER AND AUTHORITY
: Types of Authority
Traditional
Authority
Rational Legal
Authority
Charismatic
Authority
Traditional Authority• Traditional Authority; power legitimized by
respect for long-established cultural patterns.
• Characteristics of Traditional Authority: a) preindustrial societiesb) populations collective memory – people’s accept a systemc) usually one of hereditary leadershipd) strong power in political system, absolute power and almost godlikee) Source of strength for patriarchy, domination by men
• Examples of Traditional Authority:- Chinese emperors- Aristocratic rulers in medieval Europe
• Traditional authority declines as societies industrialize.
• Traditional authority remains strong only as long as everyone shares the same belief and way of life (Hannah Arendt,1963).
• How ? a) Through modern scientific thinking, b) the specialization demanded by industrial production and, c) the social changes and, d) the cultural diversity resulting immigration all combine to weaken tradition.
Rational Legal Authority• Weber defined rational legal authority
(bureaucratic authority) :as power legitimized by legally enacted rules and regulations.
• Rational legal authority is power legitimized in the operation of lawful government.
• Weber viewed bureaucracy as the type of organization that dominates in rational thinking, modern societies.
• Members of today’s high income societies seek justice through the operation of a political system that follows formally enacted rules of law.
• Rationally enacted rules also guide the use of power in everyday life.
Examples of Rational Legal Authority:a) The authority of deans / classroom teachers/ lecturers – rests on the offices they hold in bureaucratic colleges and universities
b) The police officer / police traffic / security guard in uniform possessed rational legal authority
Charismatic Authority• Charismatic authority: is power legitimized
by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience.
• Charismatic authority depends less on a person’s ancestry or office and more on personality.
• Charismatic authority characteristics:a) using their personal skills to turn an audience into followersb) make their own rules and challenge the status quo
a) Prophet Mohammad b) Jesus of Nazareth
c) Adolf Hitlerd) India’s liberator, Mahatma Gandhie) US civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.
• Charismatic authority flows from a single individual, the leaders death creates a crisis.
• Survival of a charismatic movement, Weber explained, requires the “routinization of charisma” – the transformation of charismatic authority into some combination of traditional and bureaucratic authority.
Examples:
POLITICS IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES: Types of Politics
Monarchy
Democracy
Authoritari-anism
Totalitarianism
Dictatorship &
Oligarchies
Types of Governments
MONARCHY VS.DEMOCRACYASPECT MONARCHY DEMOCRACY
RULER Single ruler Collective /
majority ruler
SELECTION OF THE RULER
Ascribed status Inheritance /
singles family rules from generation to gen.
Achieved status Election / people’s
decision
RULING SYSTEM /RULING MECHANISM
Royal Only few line
Legislative, judiciary and executive
TYPE Traditional political
system Modern political
system
POLITICAL RIGHTS
Right and power meant to the royal families
No freedom of speech
Right and power to the people
Stress on the freedom of speech
TYPE OF AUTHORITY Traditional
authority Rational-legal
authority
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