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Political Corruption Political Corruption and Big Businessand Big Business
The Gilded AgeThe Gilded Age
The age of great wealth following The age of great wealth following Civil WarCivil War
4,000 millionaires following C.W.4,000 millionaires following C.W. Monopolies/consolidationMonopolies/consolidation
What was the Gilded Age?What was the Gilded Age?
GildedGilded::
Deceptively Deceptively attractiveattractive
Political Machines-Political Machines-
well-organized political parties that well-organized political parties that ran the city governments.ran the city governments.
Fire Fire
PolicePolice
SanitationSanitation
Political Political bossesbosses
Politicians who Politicians who controlled political controlled political machinesmachines..
• They provided They provided essential essential services to services to the poor the poor and working and working classclass
• They were heavily They were heavily supportedsupported by urban by urban immigrants immigrants who needed who needed themthem
Graft: illegal use of political position Graft: illegal use of political position for personal gain.for personal gain.
Fraud –stole from the cityFraud –stole from the city
Patronage: Giving money to a Patronage: Giving money to a candidate in exchange for favors.candidate in exchange for favors.
Spoil System: Putting friends in key Spoil System: Putting friends in key political positionspolitical positions
How did Political Machines and How did Political Machines and City bosses get rich?City bosses get rich?
The machines helped immigrantsThe machines helped immigrantsBecome citizensBecome citizens
Find jobsFind jobs
Find places to liveFind places to live
Most immigrants lived inMost immigrants lived in Tenement housesTenement houses
Poorly built apartmentsPoorly built apartments
Political ScandalsPolitical Scandals Election fraud was commonElection fraud was common Politicians often received kickbacksPoliticians often received kickbacks
(bribes and payoffs)(bribes and payoffs)
Scandals surrounded President GrantScandals surrounded President Grant
Railroad Railroad stockholders stockholders sold sold stocks to stocks to congressmencongressmen
Congressmen gave Congressmen gave government government
money to money to railroad railroad companiescompanies
Railroads made Railroads made moneymoney
So So congressmecongressmen made n made moneymoney
The government was pressured The government was pressured by big businesses by big businesses MonopoliesMonopolies
a.k.a. a.k.a. “Trusts” “Trusts”
(I.e. Standard Oil)(I.e. Standard Oil)
Political MachinesPolitical Machines
Organized group that controlled the Organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a cityactivities of a political party in a city
Offered services to voters and Offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political businesses in exchange for political or financial supportor financial support
Tammany HallTammany Hall New York City’s most New York City’s most
powerful political machinepowerful political machine Led by “Boss Tweed” Led by “Boss Tweed”
(William Tweed)(William Tweed)
In 1870 and 1871 In 1870 and 1871 ALONE, Tammany Hall ALONE, Tammany Hall stole anywhere from stole anywhere from $400 million to $2 $400 million to $2 billion!!!billion!!!
Tweed was arrested in 1871Tweed was arrested in 1871
He died in Jail in 1878He died in Jail in 1878
James PendergastJames Pendergast
Very popular Political Very popular Political Boss in Kansas City, Boss in Kansas City, MissouriMissouri
Gained power by helping Gained power by helping African, Irish, and Italian African, Irish, and Italian immigrantsimmigrants
Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883 Government jobs based on merit Government jobs based on merit
system rather than patronagesystem rather than patronage Federal examsFederal exams
How did the Federal How did the Federal Government Respond?Government Respond?
How the corruption ended…How the corruption ended…
StalwartsStalwarts didn’t want things to didn’t want things to changechange
The StalwartsThe Stalwarts vs.vs. The Half-BreedsThe Half-Breeds
Half-BreedsHalf-Breeds wanted reform wanted reform
In 1880, James A. Garfield was In 1880, James A. Garfield was elected presidentelected president
Garfield was a member of the Garfield was a member of the Half-BreedsHalf-Breeds
After 4 months in office, After 4 months in office, Garfield was shot by a Stalwart Garfield was shot by a Stalwart supportersupporter
After the assassination, vice After the assassination, vice president Chester A. Arthur president Chester A. Arthur became presidentbecame president
He led reforms in honor He led reforms in honor of of President GarfieldPresident Garfield
**Interstate Commerce Act 1887 (ICC) Interstate Commerce Act 1887 (ICC)
*Regulate railroads (largely ineffective)*Regulate railroads (largely ineffective)• Sherman Antitrust Act 1890Sherman Antitrust Act 1890• Prevent the consolidation of big Prevent the consolidation of big
business in the hands of a few business in the hands of a few (largely ineffective)(largely ineffective)
How did the Federal How did the Federal Government try to regulate big Government try to regulate big
business and monopolies?business and monopolies?
American Federation of LaborAmerican Federation of Labor
(skilled workers of many trades)(skilled workers of many trades) Industrial Workers of the WorldIndustrial Workers of the World (all laborers- socialists)(all laborers- socialists) Collective BargainCollective Bargain StrikesStrikes
How did the workers try to How did the workers try to fight against big business and fight against big business and
corruption?corruption?
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