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Making Waves
Physics is Phun
January 2007
View this PowerPoint program
Programs for Pre-College Students
Bell in Vacuum Experiment
Transverse Waves
c = f
c = speed of light
f = frequency= wavelength
Speed of Light(in a vacuum)
c = 300,000,000 m/s
= 3 x 108 m/s
Longitudinal Waves
s = f
s = speed of sound
f = frequency= wavelength
Speed of Sounds = 331.45 m/s
~1087 ft/s
at 0o C
s = depends on temperature
but not on pressure
The “Sonic” SpectrumInfrasound:
< 20 Hz
Sound:20 Hz – 20,000 Hz (20kHz)
Ultrasound:> 20 kHz (~1013 Hz maximum)
Light waves:1. are transverse waves.2. do not require a medium.
Sound waves:1. are longitudinal waves.2. require a medium.
Wave Properties I• Superposition
• Hugygens’ Principle
• Doppler Effect
Superposition
Huygens’ Principle
Doppler Effect• Sound
Doppler BallMoving Cars, etc.
• LightSpectra of stars
Fraunhofer Spectrum
Wave Properties II•Diffraction
•Interference
•Reflection
•Refraction
Diffraction
Waves spread out and bend around corners within the same medium.
Highway Sound Barrier
Photograph courtesy of Enterprise Flasher Company
Interference
Two-source interference patternMoire figure model
Bose QuietComfort 2Noise Cancelling Headphones
Light examples
“Iridescence”of peacock feather
Reflection
Refraction
Waves bend due to variation of medium.
Waves at the Beach
Mirage Formation
Water Mirage
Desert Lake
Mirage
Compliments of Robert Greenler
Sunrise over the Ocean
The EndSee you next time!
Animated Gifs compliments of bellsnwhistles.com
We are on the web at http://www.physics.umd.edu/lecdem/
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