Plasma Large Presentation, Web for PDF

wastenotIOWAPresents

“Waste Not WithPlasma Arc”

“Waste Not WithPlasma Arc”

wastenotIOWAA Non-Profit 501(C)(3)

Iowa Corporation

Goals

Eliminate The Need For Landfills In StateReduce Solid Waste Effects On The Environment

Harvest Energy & By-Products From Waste

LandfillsLandfillsLandfills

Waste Energy!Waste Energy!U.S. Energy Act Of 2005 Recognizes MSW as A Renewable Energy Source– Energy In U. S. Solid Waste Is Nearly 10

Times That Available From Wind Power– Enough Energy In Yearly Waste

To Match 25 Nuclear Energy Plants

Waste Land!Waste Land!Increasingly Difficult To Site

Harm the Environment!Harm the Environment!Largest U.S. Human Contribution to Methane EmissionsLiners Eventually Leak, Resulting In Leaching

• It Works By Passing An Electric Arc Current Through Ionized Gas• Creates An Arc That Has Temperatures Hotter Than The Sun. • Any Kind Of Substance In The Arc Is Broken Down Into:

− Clean Gases That Can Be Used To Generate Several Forms Of Energy− Inert Slag That Can Be Safely Reused

What if there were a technology..

Plasma Arc Can Do All Of That & More:

• That Could Transform Organic Waste Into Clean Gas Used To Produce Energy?• That Could Transform Any Inorganic Waste Into Inert Glassy Stone?

What is Plasma?PLASMA is generated by ionizing a gas, either by heating it to a high temperature or by passing high-energy electrons through it. Examples:

PLASMA is generated by ionizing a gas, either by heating it to a high temperature or by passing high-energy electrons through it. Examples:

LightningLightningStarsStarsFluorescent Fluorescent BulbsBulbsNeon SignsNeon SignsWelding ArcsWelding ArcsMetalMetal Cutting Cutting TorchesTorches

Plasma Arc Torch

UpstreamElectrode

Downstream Electrode

Cooling Water

DC Voltage

AIR

AIR

Plasma Arc Pushed Out by Air (>4,000oC)

Plasma Arc

Plasma TorchA Mature Technology

Late 1800’s: Plasma Arc Heater Developed For Metal Industry

Early 1900’s: Plasma Heaters Used In The Chemical Industry

1950’s: Plasma Arc Cutting & Welding

1960’s: Used To Simulate Heat Of Spacecraft Re-entry

1990’s: Plasma Arc Utilized In Steel Mill Operations

1991: Plasma Research Facility Founded at Georgia Tech

1998: Plasma Municipal Solid Waste Plant Operational In Japan

Today: Used in Industrial Plants Worldwide– Chemical Industry– Metallurgical Industry– Waste/Environment Industry

Basic Plasma Treatment Configurations

Plasma Arc Treatment

Plasma Arc>3,0000C

ElectrodesSolid Waste

Plasma Arc Generated In A Torch BodyArc Pushed Out Of Torch, Forming A Plume>3,0000C Plume Applied To FeedstockProduces Syngas & Slag

Plasma Arc Formed Between Two ElectrodesSolid Waste Passed Through ArcProduces Syngas & Slag

Plasma Torch Treatment

Solid Waste

Torch

Plasma Plume>3,0000C

GasGas

Slag

Not an Incineration Process!

Plasma Torch Treatment of Solid Waste

Inert Vitrified Slag

(Reusable)

CleanSyngas

~1100oC

Heating Value ~ 280 BTU/SCF

PlasmaTorch

(MultipleTorches Around the Cupola)

Slag Tap

Solid Waste

Not an Incineration Process!

Oxygen-StarvedCupola/Chamber

Dissociation/Vitrification of MSW

Slag Out

InorganicMSW In

OrganicMSW In

C + 1/2O2

C + H2O

CO + H2OCH4 + H2OCl2 + H2

SyngasOut

CO2

CO + H2

CO2 + H2

3H2 + COH2 + 2HCl

Typical Syngas Composition

CO30%

Hydrogen42%

Nitrogen17%

Acetylene0.2%Oxygen

0.3%

Ethylene0.1%

CO2

8%

M ethane3.2%

Other<0.1%

Vitrified Slag

Waste Types Handled by Plasma Technology (From Recovered Energy, Inc.)

Can Handle All Waste (Municipal, Medical, Hazardous, Toxic, Electronic, etc) Except Nuclear Fission RodsWaste Exposed To Plasma Heated To >2,000°CInorganic Material Melted/Vitrified Into Reusable Glass-Like Slag (Classified as Inert by EPA, EU)Organic Compounds Dissociated Into Simple Molecules– Hydrogen – Carbon Monoxide– Carbon Dioxide– Water Vapor– Nitrogen– Methane

The Key is High Temperature & Oxygen-Starved Chamber

Plasma Arc Technology:Ideal For Waste Treatment

Clean SyngasAcid Gases

Readily Neutralized

Syng

as

Slag

H2O

Syngas1100oC

Syngas150oC

Steam

Steam

Electricity

ElectricityTorches

Waste

Generating Electricity

Heat Exchanger Scrubber

GasTurbine

SteamTurbine

.

Cupola

Electrical Energy From High Temperature MSW ProcessesH

igh

Tem

pera

ture

Tec

hnol

ogy

Kilowatt Hours

Electricity To Grid Per Ton

816

571

544

685

685

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Incineration

Conventional Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis/Gasification

Convention Gasification

Plasma Gasification/Vitrification

Plasma Gasification:Plasma Gasification:

A Green TechnologyClean Syngas

Inert Slag

A Green TechnologyClean Syngas

Inert Slag

SlagComponent

EPA Permissible

Concentration (mg/l)

Plasma Measured

Concentration (mg/l)

Arsenic 5 <0.1Barium 100 <0.5

Cadmium 1 <0.02Chromium 5 <0.2

Lead 5 <0.2Mercury 0.2 <0.01

Selenium 1 <0.1Silver 5 <0.5

Plasma Gasification:Utashinai Plant Environmental DataPlasma Gasification:

Utashinai Plant Environmental DataEmission Parameter Units

U.S. EPA Limits

From Plasma Reactor

Dioxins/Furans NgTEQ/dscm 0.20 <.05

Particulates Mg/dscm 34 <10

HCL Gas ppmv 15 4

NOx Gas ppmv 103 80

SO2 Gas ppmv 3.1 2

Typical Power Plant Air Emissionsa

Typical Power Plant Air Emissionsa

FUEL CO2 SO2 NOX

MSW Incineration(1) 2988 0.8 5.4Coal(1) 2249 13 6Oil(1) 1672 12 4Natural Gas(1) 1135 0.1 1.7MSW Plasma Gasification(2) 1419 <1.0 <2.0

(1) Based on EPA Data(2) Based on Empirical Data

x

Air Pollutant Emissions(Pounds per MWHr)

a Information Supplied by Lou Circeo, Phd, Georgia Tech Research Institute

2,888

2,249

1,6721,419

1,135

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

MSWIncineration

Coal Oil MSW Plasma Natural Gas

Power Generation Process

Pounds of CO2 Per MWH of Electricity Produced

Poun

ds o

f CO

2/MW

HWhat About CO2?

Mercury Emission ComparisonsMercury Emissions

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Coal-Fired UtilityBoiler

Landfill GasVent Systems

MSW WTEIncineration

St. Lucie PlasmaPlant

(Contracted)

Gas

eous

Mer

cury

Con

cent

ratio

n (u

g/m

3 )

Plasma Gasification:

Cost Effective Clean Renewable Energy

Representative Cost/Revenue

Product Revenue/Ton …… $43.44Share of Tipping Fee ……. $23.00

Gross Income ……… $66.44Operating Cost/Ton ......... ~$50.00

Net Revenue/Ton …. ~$16.44

Operating Energy = 100 Kwh Generated Energy = 1016 Kwh

Operating Costs ~ $50.00/Ton(Includes Amortization of Capital)

916 KwhAvailable Energy @ $0.04= $36.64

100 lb300 lb

@ $0.05/lb= $5.00

@ $0.006/lb= $1.80

Starting Energy

SyngasTreatment

Syngas

~1100oC

Turbines,Etc.

Metal TapSlag Tap

PlasmaTorch

One Ton of Typical MSW

Cedar Rapids

Plasma Solid WasteTreatment Demonstration

CR/LC Solid Waste Agency

Landfill Site 1

Tepa/InEnTecPlasma TreatmentDemonstration Unit

Tepa/InEnTecPlasma Gasification Unit

Tepa/InEnTecTepa/InEnTecPlasma Gasification UnitPlasma Gasification Unit

Locations Using/Planning Plasma Gasification/Vitrification

GM Plant, Defiance, OH (Melting Metal Since 1988)Utashinai, Japan (Working MSW Successfully Since 2002)Several Incineration Ash Treatment FacilitiesTwo Medical Waste Treatment FacilitiesOttawa, Canada (Completed, Producing Electricity Plus More)Marion & Cedar Rapids, Iowa (200 TPD)St. Lucie County, FL (To Be 600 TPD)Midland, Michigan - Completed(Dow Corning Plant, Hazardous Waste, Producing Steam)International Falls, MN (150 TPD, Feasibility Phase Underway)

Ottawa Demonstration FacilityBuilt By Plasco Energy

Ground Breaking, September 18, 2006

Completed Facility, June 24, 2007

100 Tons/Day Capacity100 Tons/Day Capacity

Ottawa (Plasco) Plasma Facility

1.4 Megawatt-hours Of Electricity300 Liters Of Potable Quality Water7-15 Kilograms Of Metal5-10 Kilograms Of Commercial Salt150 Kilograms Of Construction Aggregate5 Kilograms Of Agricultural Fertilizer

Products

RECAP: International Falls, Minnesota

150 Tons Per DayOverall Project Development Leadership by Laurentian RC&DMany Private & Government Entities are Members of the TeamHave Secured About $14,000,000 of the $30,350,000 Required For ConstructionPlanned Plant Completion is 2013Now in Project Feasibility Analysis

Minnesota State

$10,000,000

County/Private

$10,000,000U.S. Federal $10,350,000

Funding Profile

See Website www.lrcd.org, Click on Renewable Energy, Then RECAP

PyroGenesis’s PAWDS

Carnival Cruise Line’s M/S Fantasy

Plasma Arc Waste Destruction SystemInstalled On Carnival Cruise Liner In 2003Typically Treats 5 Tons Of Waste Per DayEmissions Much Less Than EPA or EU LimitsInert Slag Can Be Deposited In OceansNavy Is Exploring Its Use On Aircraft Carriers

Plasma Gasification:Not Only

MSW To Electricity

But Many Feedstocks & Products

Plasma Gasification:A Variety of

Feedstocks & Products

Feed Handling & Storage

SyngasCooling &Cleanup -

Conversion Process(es)

CooledCleanedSyngasPlasma

Gasification/Vitrification

Waste

Coal

Petcoke

Biomas

Bitumen

Slag

CO2

H2S

FEEDSTOCKS PRODUCTS

Aggregate

Metal

Bricks

Rockwool

Electricity

Steam

Methanol

Ethanol

Hydrogen

Biodiesel

SteamSteam

Syngas

Hot WaterHot Water

Plasma Slag Wool

Feedstock

Syngas

PlasmaReactor

Loose PlasmaSlagwool

Spinner

MoltenSlag Tap

Products• Blow-In Insulation• Hydroponics Media

Loose Plasma Slagwool

What About Coal?

Feed Syngas to Coal-Fired Plant…

Electricity

Syngas150oC

Syngas1100oC

Electricity To Run Torches

SteamH2O

Heat Exchanger Steam Turbine

Syng

as

Slag Torches

Waste

Cupola

Or…

Or…Feed Steam…

Syng

as

Slag

H2O

Syngas1100oC

Syngas150oC

Electricity

Torches

Waste

Heat Exchanger

GasTurbine

Electricity To Run Torches

Steam

Or…Feed Both Syngas & Steam

Syng

as

Slag

H2O

Syngas1100oC

Syngas150oC

Torches

Waste

Heat Exchanger

Steam

Better Yet…

Plasma Gasification Instead Of Coal-Firing(Still Need to Sequester CO2)

Plasma Gasification Of Coal

wastenotIOWAWaste Handling Hierarchy

Most Favored

Least Favored

Assumed

Can Handle All Waste Organic Material Becomes Clean Energy-Rich GasInorganic Material Becomes Inert Slag/Glass

Plasma Arc Technology:Ideal For Waste Treatment

Environmentally Safe Environmentally Safe

Supports Energy RecoverySupports Energy Recovery

Provides Economic OpportunityProvides Economic Opportunity

“Plasma-Arc technology addresses two of the world’s biggest problems –how to deal with solid waste and the energy needs of our communities” . . .

“This is the end of the rainbow. It will change the world.”

-- Chris Craft, County CommissionerSt Lucie County, Florida

“GROWING POPULATIONS. INCREASING ENERGY DEMANDS.

A FRAGILE ENVIRONMENT.”

“MOUNTAINS OF WASTE, MOUNTAINS OF ENERGY”

- From Plasco Energy

Some Locations Planning Plasma Gasification Of MSW

Ottawa,CanadaOttawa,Canada

Fort Riley.Kansas

Fort Riley.Kansas

MichiganMichigan

Marion/ Cedar Rapids,

Iowa

Marion/ Cedar Rapids,

Iowa

St. Lucie County,Florida

St. Lucie County,Florida

International Falls,Minnesota

International Falls,Minnesota

IllinoisIllinois

MilwaukeeMilwaukee

Yamhill CountyOregon

Yamhill CountyOregon

Port Hope,Canada

Port Hope,Canada

Syng

as

Slag

SlagRemoval

Torch

RefractiveAfterburmer

Water ReturnFrom UserHot Water

To User400o F

120o F

CleanSyngas

ParticulateRemoval &

Final Cleaning

HeatedWater

Generation

MSW,Ash, etc

Proposed Marion/Cedar Rapids, Iowa Configuration

Proposed Building

Site on 3.5 to 4.5 Acres

All Equipment is Enclosed

Waste is Enclosed

Includes a Public Showroom

Site on 3.5 to 4.5 Acres

All Equipment is Enclosed

Waste is Enclosed

Includes a Public Showroom

Courtesy Plasma Power, LLC- “A Solid Solution for Our Changing Energy Needs”Courtesy Plasma Power, LLC- “A Solid Solution for Our Changing Energy Needs”

SummaryPlasma processing of MSW has unique treatment capabilities unequaled by other waste treatment technologiesIt may be more cost-effective to take MSW to a plasma facility for energy production than to dump it in a landfillPlasma processing of MSW in the U.S. could:– Significantly reduce the MSW disposal problem– Significantly alleviate the energy crisis– Reduce the need for landfills

Plasma processing of MSW has the potential to supply ~5% of U.S.electricity needs - Equivalent to ~25 nuclear power plantsCan create more renewable energy than the projected energy from solar, wind, landfill & geothermal energies combinedWhen fully developed, it may become cost-effective to mine existing landfills for energy production & land restoration

Contact Information

Thank You!

wastenotIOWA, Inc.

www.wastenotiowa.org

Dennis Naughton, President dennis@xwires.net 329.631.2110Ed Mulholland, Vice President emulholland16@mchsi.com 319.899.4207Charlie Kress, Treasurer/Spokesman chaskress@mchsi.com 319.377.5055Erik Miles, Secretary erikmiles@mchsi.com 319.377.5926Brent Harstad brentandpath@yahoo.com 319.393.2330Don Leonhart donleonhart@gmail.com 319.393.1936Dow Prouty dowprouty@msn.com 310.393.6672John Vernon jgvernon@aol.com 312.377.0452