Plants!. A plant = a multicellular eukaryote that has a cell wall made of cellulose They develop...

Plants!

A plant = a multicellular eukaryote that has a cell wall made of cellulose

They develop multicellular embryos

They carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll

Plants take up water/nutrients in their roots and make food in their leaves

Plants have 2 different kinds of reproductive cells; gametes and spores

Most leaves have thick flattened sections called blades to help collect sunlight

There are 2 main types of roots: taproots and fibrous roots

With a taproot – the primary root grows long and thick (oak/hickory trees and carrots)

Fibrous roots can have extensive branch systems (grasses)

Plants started out in water and had to adapt to living on land

The first plants evolved from an organism much like the multicellular green algae living today

The plant kingdom is divided into 4 groups based on three important

features: water conditioning tissues, seeds, and flowers

Bryophytes have life cycles that depends on water for reproduction – this keeps the these plants relatively small

Peat moss can also be used in gardening

They include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

Humans can use peat (thick deposits of moss) as fuels

Seedless vascular plants evolved after bryophytes and were the first plants to have vascular tissue

They include club mosses, horsetails, and ferns

Vascular tissues is a transportation system to move water, nutrients, and food through the plant

Xylem helps move water up from the roots

Phloem transports nutrients and food

Seed plants are the most dominant form of plantsThey are divided into 2 groups: gymnosperms (their seed are on the surface of cones) and angiosperms (flowering plants that protect their seeds)

Seeded plants became the dominant plant because they are able to reproduce without water

Angiosperms can be separated into 2 classes: monocots or dicots

They are named for the number of seed leaves (cotyledons) in the plant embryo

Monocots have one seed leaf

Dicots have 2 seed leaves

Other difference between the two include distribution of vascular tissue, stems, roots and leaves and the number of petals per flower

Plants have hormones in order to grow and respond

A hormone = a chemical substance that controls a plant’s pattern of growth and development, and the plant’s response to environmental conditions

Plants have adaptations in order to respond to their environment

Auxins are responsible for phototropism – a plants tendency to grow towards the light

Auxins stimulate cell elongation (the plant getting taller)

Auxins are also responsible for gravitropism – a plants response to the force of gravity

Thigmotropism isn’t caused by auxin but is similar to photo/gravitropism – it is a plants response to being touched

Some plants that are over handled can end up with stunted growth

Cytokinins do several things, including delaying the aging of leaves and helps in the early stages of plant growth

Ethylene helps fruit ripen

Gibberellins produce a dramatic increase in size, particularly in the stem and fruit

Some plants will close their leaves when touched (sensitive plant)

Some plants have sensory cells that allow a quick response (venus fly traps)

Some plant responses don’t involve growth

Many plants have adaptations to the environment they are in

Plants that live in salt water (mangroves) are salt tolerant – they have special adaptations to get rid of the extra salt they take in

Many aquatic plants have tissues with large air-filled spaces through which oxygen can diffuse

Desert plants have extensive roots, reduced leaves, and thick stems so they can store what water they get

Plants that have specialized features for obtaining nutrients include carnivorous plants and parasites

Pitcher plants drown insects in their pitcher-shaped leaves that hold rain water and digestive enzymes

Sundews trap insects with sticky secretions

The Venus fly trap has sensory hairs that when touched tell the plant to snap closed

Mistletoe is a parasitic plant that gets its food from the trees it grows on

Many plants defend themselves against insect attack by manufacturing compounds that can have effects, including death and an interrupted reproduction style, against the animal eating it

Monocot vs. Dicot

Dicot

Monocot vs. Dicot

Dicot

Monocot vs. Dicot

Monocot

Monocot vs. Dicot

Dicot

Monocot vs. Dicot

Dicot

Monocot vs. Dicot

Monocot

Monocot vs. Dicot

Monocot

Monocot vs. Dicot

Dicot

Monocot vs. Dicot

Monocot

Monocot vs. Dicot

Dicot