Plant Organs Roots Stems Leaves Flowers Fruits Seeds

Plant Organs

RootsStemsLeavesFlowersFruitsSeeds

Flower

Sepals…CalyxPetals…CorollaStamens…Androecium

anther & filamentPistils…Gynecium

stigma, style, ovary (egg)

Flower

Magnoliaceae

Primitive flower - blending of flower parts; spirally arranged

fossils, embryology, modern plants Degeneria

Carpel - primitive pistil

Carpel Formation

Placentation

Parietal

Free Central

Number of carpels

1. Lines on the outside of the pistil

2. One stigma lobe per carpel

3. Number of locules (if not free central

Flower Symmetry:

Inflorescence Types arrangement of flowers on the flowering stem

Solitary - one flower per peduncle

Terminal:

Axillary:

Many Flowered - More than one flower per inflorescence

spike:

Raceme:

Panicle:Much branched

Corymb:Outer flowersoldest

Cyme:Middle flowersoldest

Umbel:All come ofPeduncle apex

Head:Dense, rounded with many sessile flowers

Inflorescence Types

Determinate:Oldest flowers toward the top

Indeterminate:Oldest flowers toward the bottom

Inflorescence Types

Ovary Position

Stem - Branch

Bud - embryonic branch

Leaves

Leaves - Margins

Hairs - Glands

Leaf Position:

Underground Roots/Stems

Woody vs Herbaceous

Woody - Shrubs (fruticose)

Trees arboreous - well developed trunk

arborescent - > 20 feet but main trunk short

Vines- climbing with tendrils

Woody Perennials

Apical Dominance

Age of Branch

Age of Tree

Fruit (Pericarp) ripened ovary

Exocarp, Mesocarp, Endocarp

Fruit Types

Fleshy:Hip - cluster on achenes in a hypanthium

Pome - from a compound, inferior ovary with a thick & fleshy receptacle

Fruit Types

Fleshy

Fruit Types

Dry Indehiscent:Achene - 1-seeded, connected to the pericarp at a single point

Samar (Shizocarp)- 1-seeded winged achene

Fruit Types

Dry Indehiscent:Acorn - 1-seeded, with a hard coat & surrounded by a cap of hard bracts

Nut - 1-seeded, hard coat

Fruit TypesDry Indehiscent

Fruit Types

Dry Dehiscent:Capsule - multiple carpeled, opening in

various ways

Follicle - 1-carpelated fruit splitting down 1 side

Fruit Types

Dry Dehiscent:Legume - 1-celled, 1-carpelated, splitting on 2

Sillicle (sillique)- short, 2-locular fruit with each half separating from one another with a thin septum

Fruit TypesDry Dehiscent

Fruit TypesSimple - from one ovaryCompound

Aggregatefrom many pistils

Accessoryfrom many pistils

fleshy receptacle

Multiplefrom many flowers

Life Cycle Durations

Annual - one year of less

Biennial - 2 years

Perennial - more than 2 years

Plant Structure Coalescence

Connate -Same kinds of structures coalesce

Adnate -Different kinds of structures coalesce

Synpetalous -Corolla tube

Synsepalous -Calyx tube

Apetalous ?

Filaments:

Monodelphus - all stamens coalesce

Diadelphus - 2 stamens coalesce

Polydelphus - many stamen coalesce

Plant Organs Roots Stems Leaves Flowers Fruits Seeds

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