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Plant Organs and Systems
Levels of organization for plants and animals
Plant organization Plant cell (bark cell) Plant tissue (bark tissue) Plant organ (leaves, stems, roots)
Plant system (work together to make, transport, and store food)
Plant Organs Leaf:
– function: make food, give shape, keep water inside plant
Vascular bundle
(xylem & phloem)
lower epidermisstomata
cuticle
epidermis
palisade mesophyll
spongy mesophyll
guard cell
Leaf Parts: Cuticle: waxy layer on outside surface, prevents water loss
Epidermis: outer layer, protection Mesophyll: photosynthetic tissue, made up of 2 layers
Stomata: openings on leaf surface for exchange of gases
Guard cell: controls the size of the stomata
Xylem: carries water from roots to leaves
Phloem: carries food from leaves to other parts of the plant
Plant Organs Stems:
– functions: hold the leaves up, moves water, food, and other materials.
Plant Organs Roots:
– functions: take in water and other materials from soil, hold plant in soil, store extra food
Plant Organs
Non reproductive parts = petal and sepal
Reproductive parts = stamen and pistil•Stamen – male reproductive part contains the anther which makes the pollen containing sperm
•Pistil – female reproductive part contains the ovary at the bottom which holds ovule that makes the eggs
Flowers:
In plants, sexual reproduction takes place in the flower.
In plants, sexual In plants, sexual reproduction takes place reproduction takes place in the flowerin the flower..
Flower Flower StructureStructure
Female Parts
Pistil = the female structure of the flower– Ovary = contains ovules where eggs are formed.
– Stigma = receives the pollen during fertilization.
– Style = area between the stigma and ovary.
Male Parts
Stamen = the male reproductive structure of a flower– Anther = where pollen is produced.
– Filament = holds up the anther
– Pollen = male gamete
Pollen shape is different for each plant
Other Flower Structures
Petals = usually colorful, leaf-like structures surrounding the male and female reproductive organs.
Sepals = found below the petals and encase the rest of the flower when it is in bud and not yet opened
Plant Processes Transpiration: the evaporation of water from the stomata of leaves
Absorption: uptake of water from the roots
Response to stimulus: plants respond to external stimuli from a specific direction Ex: tropisms
Tropisms: “trop” = turn, change “ism” = thing Phototropism = the tendency of a plant to move towards a light source
Hydrotropism = the tendency of a plant to grow with the roots reaching toward water
Geotropism = the tendency of a plant to grow with the roots downward and with the leafy parts upward
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