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Education Initiative
Plant nutrient
deficiency symptoms
Ross Brennan, Senior Research Officer Department of Agriculture and Food WA , Albany
Plant deficiency symptoms
• If symptoms occur in the old leaves, then
it is likely the plant is deficient in a mobile
element
• If symptoms occur in the young leaves,
then it is likely the plant is deficient in an
immobile element
Plant deficiency symptoms (cont)
• However, the deficiency may be due to a
variable mobile element (where the
symptoms may occur in either the young
or old leaves)
• A leaf analysis test may be required to
determine the cause of the nutrient
deficiency
Key for deficiency symptoms
P deficiency
P deficiency: lupin
S deficiency in canola
S deficiency: canola
S deficiency
S deficiency
K deficiency
plants are stunted,
oldest leaves
become pale with
bronzing, necrosis
of leaf margins and
spotting develops.
Dalkeith subclover
Seaton Park subclover
POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY IN SUBCLOVER
Barrel medic -
older leaves are pale,
leaf margins become
necrotic with spotting.
POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY IN MEDIC AND LUCERNE
Thin stems
old leaves pale, then develop dark
necrotic tips,
leaflets fall off but petioles remain,
plants are a dull green colour compared
to healthy plants.
POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY IN NARROW LEAF LUPINS
© Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Agriculture 2001
Plants are pale green and stunted,
oldest leaflets turn yellow, can be brushed off the stem.
POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY IN SERRADELLA
Oats
Wheat
“Scorching" and necrosis
starting at tips of old leaves
and spreading along margins,
plants appear droopy.
POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY IN CEREALS
Old leaves limp, puckered
with a dull sheen
Dull yellow colour develops from tips
and spreads to mid rib
Then symptoms on next oldest leaf
POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY IN CANOLA
© Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Agriculture 2001
Lucerne
Plants are pale
green.
Oldest leaves
develop distinct
necrotic leaf
margins, and
spots which
become white.
Patches of pale wilted plants
Manganese deficiency in Wheat
© Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Agriculture 2001
• young & middle leaves affected first
• interveinal chlorosis & increasing
dead areas
• greyish areas at base of new leaves
Manganese deficiency in Barley
© Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Agriculture 2001
Manganese deficiency in oats •Middle leaves affected first then spreads to whole plant •Pale brown/grey lesions between the veins, enlarging, then leaf collapse •Feint interveinal chlorosis
Manganese sulphate
Lower leaf drop
but plants stay green
Manganese deficiency in Lupins
•Split seed
© Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Agriculture 2001
Manganese deficiency in canola
Copper deficiency in Cereals
Twisting, paleness, death of
youngest leaf (severe deficiency)
Mild deficiency - drooping heads
(weak straw)
White heads (severe deficiency -
“purpling " of leaf sheath
delayed maturity, very late tillers
“dirty " straw )
Note: High N and root pruning herbicides
make deficiency worse
Copper deficiency in
Legumes
Pale plant (except old leaves)
limp middle leaves
Lucerne
Subterranean clover
Faba bean
Growing point dies with
severe deficiency
Cu deficiency
Zinc deficiency in Cereals
Chlorotic stripes next to mid rib
usually middle leaves first
Note: no symptoms with
mild deficiency
Leaves wilt, bend, collapse
“diesel soaked " patches
in crop
Mildly affected plants
often recover in spring
Usually seen on seedlings, cold
wet winters
© Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Agriculture 2001
Zinc deficiency
in
Subclover
Zinc deficiency in Canola
Mo deficiency
Ca deficiency
Multiple factors/deficiency
Plant symptoms
that could be confused with
Cu deficiency in cereals
Shriveled Grain
•root rots
•frost
•drought
•Mo deficiency
•herbicide damage
“Rat - tailed” Ears
•root rots
•frost
•drought
•Mo deficiency
© Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Agriculture 2001
Conclusion
• Plant nutrient symptoms can be a guide to
deficiency
• Symptoms can be confused with an array
of other factors with similar symptoms
e.g. frost & Cu deficiency
• Influenced by environmental factors
• Usually requires some plant analyses to
confirm visual diagnosis
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