PIA 2501: Public Policy and Management ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs

PIA 2501: Public Policy and Management

ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs

GOVERNANCE ISSUES IMPACT NGO WORK

THE TIE IN-1

Prologue- World Bank Mission

Local Governance and Civil Society in Guinea Conakry (Stakeholder Analysis- March, 2006)

Creation of a Poverty Alleviation Fund- includes Micro-Credit

Design Capacity for Service Delivery

Need for Predictable Governance and stable Civil Society

Micro-Credit Project in Ethiopia

Tie In-2: The Popularity of Micro-credit

Grameen BankNobel Prize for Peace (2006)

Micro-credit

The Concept and the Controversy

Links to Traditional Savings Banks

Ann Dunham- Micro-credit specialist

Micro-Credit will be Popular

TIE IN-3

NGOs and Civil Society Tie into Decentralized Governance

GrassrootsOrganizations

CivicEducationLand

RuralIndustries

RuralCredit

Governance /Democracy

Communicationand

Support

NGOsWomen’s Focused

GroupsTarget Group

Decentralization and Civil Society: A Grassroots Perspective

Civil Society as a Dependent Variable

Tie In-4

State Societal Linkages: Redux

Central State - Macro

Civil Society - Micro

Weak Strong

State-Weak Strong

Mono-State…...INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place.…..Local State

SOFT STATE…………………………….PREDATORY STATE

Local - SOFT STATE….………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Weak Strong

Mezzo-Intermediate

Civil Society--Review

Networks of organizations, groups and individuals pursuing socio-economic interests

"Beyond the family but short of the state" (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel )

Tie In- 5- Human Rights Issues Review

Civil Society and Human Rights

"Human Rights, Basic Needs and the Stuff of Citizenship" (Anonymous)

Issue: First vs. Second and Third generation Human Rights and Civil Society

Civil Society Structures-1

NGOs, CBOs, (Community Based Orgs.) PVOs (Private Voluntary Organizations: Who do they represent?

Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality)

Groups- Role of ethnicity, religion and class, vs. individual rights

NGOs- THE NATURE OF THE BEAST

NGOs?

NGOs--The Nature of the Beast Non-Profits vs. For Profits Not for Profits- More value directed Private Voluntary

Organizations (PVOs) Community Based

Organizations (CBOs) Foundations

NGOs-The Nature of the Beast-2

Civic Associations (Civics)

Interest Groups

Quangos

Trade Unions

Religious Organizations

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Goods for Good- A Malawi Based Organization (BUT?)

Civil Society Structures-2

Privatization as an NGO issue (Compete with Private Sector

Corporatism vs. Clientelism (NGOs vulnerable)

Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom) (Civil Society sometimes seen as collectivist)

Establishing the rule of lawRoman vs. Common LawWhat is the role of the individual

Five Caveats: NGOs

Usually excludes “for profits”

Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits

Includes both International and Local

Internationals are not universally loved

Five Caveats, Cont.

Very often internationals are religious or charity based

Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals

Types of “Development” NGOs

Philanthropy vs. Charity

Relief and Welfare Societies

Public Service Contractors

Populist based development agencies (national)

Andrew Carnegie championed the idea of strategic philanthropy: he thought it was better to give people a fishing rod than a fish.

Types of “Development” NGOs

Grassroots associations (local or village based)

Advocacy groups

Public Service Contractors

Rural Development Promotion

International NGOs- Care

Catholic Relief Services

Save the Children

Amnesty International

Oxfam

Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

War, Drought, Agricultural FailureFocus on Rural Development

Human RightsFocus on Governance

Political Cartoon Remembering the 1960s

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage

Cost-effectiveSmall but efficient

Innovative

Staff loyalty and commitment

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

NGOs--Perceived Advantage

• Ideologically compatible with Development values

• Links with poor

• Image of populism

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

International NGOs—Weaknesses

Lack of local legitimacy

Donor driven

Inefficiency

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

International NGOs—Weaknesses

AmateurismLeadership and continuity problems

Staffing problems

Self-serving-own objectivesFaith Based

Annual Meeting of World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (WANGO)

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster International NGOs—Weaknesses

Fixation on projectsProblems of replication

Lack of perceived accountability

Learning problems/lack of institutional memory

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

International NGOs—Weaknesses

Tensions with government institutionsPolitically threatening

Ties with existing local elites

Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation

Not Oprah’s Book of the Week

V.S. Naipaul, Among the Believers

Jim Mayfield, Go to the People

China vs. Indonesia

Believers, Unbelievers

Secular vs. Religious Views of the World

From the University of Utah to Iraq

Jim Mayfield

V.S. Naipaul and with Paul Theroux in 1986

Discussion and Debates

Lawrence Graham

Monte Palmer

Samuel P. Huntington

The Picard Findings

First Group Discussion--Civil Society and Democracy in...

South America

Central America

Eastern and Southern Africa

Asia/Central Asia/Eurasia

West and Central Africa

Ten Minute Break

Follow Up

Discussion and Debate