Physics Careers: the Myths, the Data, and Tips for Success

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PhysicsCareers:theMyths,theData,andTipsforSuccess

Midhat Farooq(farooq@aps.org)CareersProgramManager- APS

CrystalBailey(bailey@aps.org)HeadofCareers- APS

www.aps.org/careers

Alittlebitaboutme…

• UCLA– undergraduatedegree

• UniversityofMichigan– PhDinPhysics• Studentorginvolvement• Studentgovernmentinvolvement• APSVolunteer

• GotmycurrentjobatAPSthroughnetworking!

www.aps.org/careers

Alittlebitaboutyou?

• Howmanyare• Undergraduates?

• GraduateStudents?

• Postdocs?

• Faculty?

• Other?

www.aps.org/careers

OutlineofTalk• SomeStatistics

• Numberofphysicsdegreeholders• Careerpathsofdegreeholders• Academiccareersoutlook• Industrycareersoutlook

• Whatyoucandotoprepare(Students/EarlyCareer)• Howcanyouhelp(Faculty/Mentors)

• Questions

www.aps.org/careers

HowmanyPhDsarethere?

Num

berofUSPhysicsPhDs

Classof

ThenumberofPhysicsPhDsgrantedintheU.S.hasalmostdoubledoverthelasttwodecades!

Slide from Crystal Bailey (bailey@aps.org)

www.aps.org/careers

~1600 PhysicsPhDsgointothejobmarketeveryyear

HowmanyPhDsarethere?2015-2016 graduates: 1 year after PhD

www.aps.org/careers

HowmanyPhysicsMastersarethere?

Additionally,of~700newPhysicsMaster’sholders,>300alsolookforjobs(orcontinueemployment)everyyear

Slide from Crystal Bailey (bailey@aps.org)

www.aps.org/careers

HowmanyphysicsBachelor’sDegreesareearnedeachyear?

>8500PhysicsBachelor’sdegreesareawardedannually

Abouthalf gostraightintotheworkforce

www.aps.org/careers

Supply

~1600PhysicsPhDs~300PhysicsMasters~4250PhysicsBachelors

è Allenteringworkforce

Whatisthedemand?Whereisthedemand?

www.aps.org/careers

Whataretheydoing(PhDs)?2015-2016 graduates: 1 year after PhD

Abouthalf ofPhysicsPhDsareinitiallyemployedinacademicsector.

However,~73% ofthepotentiallypermanentjobswereintheprivatesector.

www.aps.org/careers

Whataretheydoing(PhDs)?

Source:NSFSurveyofDoctoralRecipients,2001- 2013

www.aps.org/careers

Whataretheydoing(Master’s)?

ThemajorityofMaster’sstudentsalsogointheprivatesector.Only~19%findjobsinacademia.

AphysicsMaster’sopensdoorstoavarietyofdifferentcareerpaths.

Slide from Crystal Bailey (bailey@aps.org)

Employer Distribution of Exiting Masters One Year After Degree, Classes of 2012, 2013, & 2014 Combined

www.aps.org/careers

Whatarethey(PhDandMS)doing?

68%

93%

47%

52%

30%

35%

29%

69%

90%

90%

98%

83%

79%

71%

90%

80%

Government Lab

Academia

Industry - Physics

Industry - Other STEM

Industry - Engineering

Industry - Comp Sci

Government Contractor

Finance

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Performs research

Has equal say inresearchperformed

Source: AIP Statistical Research Center Report Common Careers of Physics PhDs in the Private Sector, June 2015

RESEARCH!Slide from Crystal Bailey (bailey@aps.org)

www.aps.org/careers

52%

29%

19%

PercentPrivate Sector 32College & University 4High School Teaching 3Active Military 3Government 3Other 2Unemployed, Seeking 5

PercentEngineering 9Other Science & Math 5Education 2Other 3

PercentPhysics 25Astronomy 4

Workforce

Graduate Study Astronomy or

Physics

Graduate Study Other Fields

Physics Bachelors One Year Later8,800 Recent Degree Recipients(2017 & 2018)

Whatarethey(BS&BA)doing?

Abouthalf gostraightintotheworkforce

www.aps.org/careers

Whatarethey(BS&BA)doing?

Majority working in STEM or related fields

www.aps.org/careers

AcademicsectordemandAbout~300newhires(2016data)

Recall:~1600PhDslookingforjobseveryyear

Typically,~19%offacultypositionsweretemporaryornon-tenure-track.

Slide from Crystal Bailey (bailey@aps.org)

www.aps.org/careers

Industrydemand

Source:NSFSurveyofDoctoralRecipients,2001- 2013

Industry has been the largest employment base for Physics

PhDs for decades.

PercentageofPhysicsPhDs*EmployedinthePrivateSector

Slide from Crystal Bailey (bailey@aps.org)

www.aps.org/careers

IndustryDemandEmployers in STEM fields value physics graduates in their companies as members of interdisciplinary teams

Over 80% of surveyed employers1 agreed that physics majors:

• Could easily grasp new knowledge and concepts

• Were able to identify, formulate, and solve problems

• Were able to successfully analyze and interpret data

• Could engage in continued learning and problem solving

1ABET Survey of applied and engineering physics graduates, Kettering University

Slide from Crystal Bailey (bailey@aps.org)

www.aps.org/careers

IndustryDemandWhat else do STEM employers say?

That physics graduates are also missing important training and experience:

• Designing a system, component or process to meet a specific need5

• Working on multi-disciplinary teams2,3

• Recognizing value of diverse relationships (customers, supervisors, etc.)5

• Leadership Skills5

• Communication skills (oral and written) – especially how to tailor message to audience5

• Real-world experience in companies before graduation6

2ABET survey of applied and engineering physics graduates, Kettering University3APS Workshop on Nat’l. Issues in Industrial Physics

Slide from Crystal Bailey (bailey@aps.org)

www.aps.org/careers

BottomLineMajorityofphysicsdegreeholdersatalllevels(Bachelors,Masters,andPhD’s)findjobsinindustry.

Goodnews:Theprivatesectorhasahighdemandforphysicsdegreeholders.

Lessgood(butstillgood)news:However,therearesomethingsyoucandotobetterprepareforyourcareer.

www.aps.org/careers

Howcanyoustartpreparing?LookInwards/Reflect

Performadetailedself-assessment• Includeswhatyouaregoodatdoingand

whatyouenjoydoing.Valuesareimportant!• WheredoIwanttobein1year?5years?

KeepaCareerJournal• Trackinsights,contacts,skills.• Whatisimportanttoyou?

• Work-lifebalance?Money?Location?• Flexibleschedule?Controloverresearch?

DocumentSkills• Recordyourskills– technicalandnon-

technical.Thesewillbethebuildingblocksofeveryresume you’llwrite.

• Identifymissingskillsandmakeaplanforacquiringthem.

Slide from Crystal Bailey (bailey@aps.org)

www.aps.org/careers

APSOnlineProfessionalGuidebook• Detailedadviceonkeyaspectsofcareerdevelopment.• Features5-minute“webinette”clipsfromthetopAPScareerswebinars• Topicsincludeself-assessment,networking,interviewingandnegotiationstrategies,andmore.

APSCareersWebsite• APSJobBoard• PhysicistProfilesandCommonCareerPaths• NewProfessionalDevelopmentWebinarSeries(comingthissummer!)

go.aps.org/physicspdguide

Howcanyoustartpreparing?UseResources

www.aps.org/careers

Slide from Crystal Bailey (bailey@aps.org)

www.aps.org/careers

Howcanyoustartpreparing?Expandyourcareercontacts

BuildYourNetwork• JoinLinkedIn

• Yournetworkwillgrowautomatically!• Attendevents

• Alumnimixers,careerfairs,conferences• VolunteerorJobShadow

FindCareerMentors• JointheAPSIMPACTprogram• SomementorsareADVOCATES

• Knowyoupersonally• Soundingboardandmentor• Likelyfamily/friend

• SomementorsareCONNECTORS• Hasvariousprofessionalcontacts• Willingtoconnectyou• Likelyalumnioradvisors

• SomementorsareEXPERTS• Haveexperienceinspecificindustry• Cangiveadvicerelevanttotheirarea

www.aps.org/careers

Howcanyoustartpreparing?ExpandyourcareercontactsAttendInformationalInterviews• Reachouttocontactsandaskfora20-minutephonechat

• Here,you gettoaskthequestions!• Askabouttheircareerpath• Askabouttheirtypicalworkday• Askaspectsofjobtheylikeordislike• Askhowyoucangetinvolved

• Don’taskforajob!DevelopaPitch• Shortintroductiontoyou

• 30secto1minute• Makeitaconversation,don’tlistfacts

• Usepresent,past,futureformat• Iam_______.Ihaveworkedon_______.I’m

lookingforopportunitiesto__________.• Bepreparedtoanswerquestions,suchas:

• Whyareyoupassionateabout….?• Whydoyouwanttolearnmoreabout….?• Whydoyoufeelyouaregoodat…?

www.aps.org/careers bailey@aps.org

Broaden Your Students’ Career Focus• Invite speakers from private sector, national labs (high school physics teachers, medical physicists, data scientists…)

• Normalize industrial careers – the vast majority of your students will have them!

Encourage More Industry Contact/Mentorship

Evolve physics teaching to incorporate more workforce-relevant experiences/knowledge!

= “Physics Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education (PIE)”

• Explicitly connect physics concepts with their real world applications.

• Utilize physics principles to create innovative solutions to real world problems.

• Include content relevant for careers in the private sector, such as communicating to audience, intellectual property, private and public funding sources, business models, budgeting, etc.

Experiences, courses, and research opportunities which:

• APS IMPact Program – industry mentoring for physicists: impact.aps.org

• LinkedIn®

Connect with your students now, and you’ll be connected with industrial physicists in the future!

Slide from Crystal Bailey (bailey@aps.org)

www.aps.org/careers bailey@aps.org

APS PIPELINE Program*• APS PIPELINE Program (Loyola University Maryland, Rochester Institute of

Technology, Wright State University, UC Denver, and George Washington University).

• Advised by experts from established physics entrepreneurship programs (e.g. Carthage College, Case Western, Kettering University)

• Goals are to develop curricula, best practices, and research instruments for teaching physics innovation and entrepreneurship (PIE).

http://www.aps.org/programs/education/innovation/

• Experiential learning/“maker” spaces (e.g. the Innovation Hyperlab)

• Enhanced co-op or internship programs

• New technical entrepreneurship courses, modified existing physics courses

• Pop-up courses• New courses on communication, IP, business structures, etc.

*Support for this work provided by the National Science Foundation's Improving Undergraduate STEM Education (IUSE) program under Award No. 1624882Approaches under development

include:

Slide from Crystal Bailey (bailey@aps.org)

www.aps.org/careers

Summary• Manyphysicsdegreeholdersenterthejobmarketeveryyear

• Majorityfindcareersinprivatesector

• YoucanstartpreparingnowbyexpandingyournetworkandusingAPSResources

Thankyou!Questions?Comments?

farooq@aps.org

www.aps.org/careers

BACKUP

www.aps.org/careers

WhoemploysphysicsPhD’s?

www.aps.org/careers

Whataretheydoing(Master’s)?ThemajorityofMaster’sstudentsalsogointheprivatesector.Only~19%findjobsinacademia.

AphysicsMaster’sopensdoorstoavarietyofdifferentcareerpaths.

Slide from Crystal Bailey (bailey@aps.org)

On average between 1995 and 2012, about 40% of physics bachelors went directly into the workforce after graduation.

Bottom line: at all degree paths, the largest initial employment sector for physics graduates is the private sector.

aip.org/statistics

0 20 40 60 80 100

Job Security

Level of Responsibilty

Opportunity for Advancement

Salary and Benefits

Intellectual Challenge

Overall

Percent Sat isf ied

Job Satisfaction of Physics Bachelors In Private Sector STEM Positions (2013 & 2014)

…and they tend to be happy

www.aps.org/careers

HowmuchdophysicsPhDsearn?

www.aps.org/careers

HowmuchdophysicsBachelor’searn?StartingSalaryforClassof2018

www.aps.org/careers

Academicsectordemand

Numberoffacultypositionshasremainedmoreorlessconstantoverlast7years.

Between2006-2008,theaverageretirementrateforphysicsfacultywas2.5%.

Potentially~380openpositions(06-08data).

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