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© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Phonetics You Need for DCS:
APCO, International…and More
February 6, 2016
Diana Feinberg, AI6DF
Staff 60
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Phonetics You Need for DCS:
APCO, International…and More
1. Why know more than APCO phonetics?
2. History of radio communication phonetics
3. Phonetics used by Southern California agencies
4. Recent developments in radio phonetics
5. Learning the phonetics
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Phonetics You Need for DCS:
APCO, International…and More
1. Why know more than APCO phonetics?
2. History of radio communication phonetics
3. Phonetics used by Southern California agencies
4. Recent developments in radio phonetics
5. Learning the phonetics
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Increased LASD multi-agency interoperability and HF use
mean DCS members now need more than APCO phonetics
The country of Belgium provides an analogy to DCS’s radio language
Mostly Dutch speaking
Mostly Frenchspeaking
Mostly German speaking
Brussels (capital)
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Increased LASD emphasis on multi-agency interoperability
and HF now give DCS members a Belgian Connection
Expression said in Belgium
Mostly Dutch speaking
Mostly Frenchspeaking
Mostly German speaking
Brussels (capital)
To have a well-paid Brussels job:
1. You need to speak French to
get your job
2. You need to speak Dutch to
keep your job
3. You need to speak English to
do your job
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
The Belgian Connection with DCS
To have a well-paid Brussels job:
1. You need to speak French to
get your job
2. You need to speak Dutch to
keep your job
3. You need to speak English to
do your job
To be in L.A. County DCS:
1. You need to speak English to
get into DCS
2. You need to speak APCO to stay
in DCS
3. You now need to speak
International phonetics to
completely do your job
Increased LASD emphasis on multi-agency interoperability
and HF now give DCS members a Belgian Connection
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Phonetics You Need for DCS:
APCO, International…and More
1. Why know more than APCO phonetics?
2. History of radio communication phonetics
3. Phonetics used by Southern California agencies
4. Recent developments in radio phonetics
5. Learning the phonetics
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Phonetics for radio communication
have undergone only a few iterations
since radio’s earliest days
The Evolution of Radio Phonetics - 1
1914-1918: British army and
navy had separate phonetics
1924: British Royal Air Force
adopted similar phonetics,
partial precursor to today’s
APCO
Focus then was for military use
British RAF phonetics1924-42
Ace Robert
Beer Sugar
Charlie Toc
Don Uncle
Edward Vic
Freddie William
George X-ray
Harry Yorker
Ink Zebra
Johnnie
King
London
Monkey
Nuts
Orange
Pip
Queen
Circled phonetics are used in APCO today
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Phonetics for radio communication
have undergone only a few iterations
since radio’s earliest days
The Evolution of Radio Phonetics - 2
1927: First “International”
phonetic language for civilian
use aimed at aviation
Recognized by International
Telecommunications Union
Adopted by International Air
navigation commission,
1932
1st International Phonetics, 1927, modified 1932
Amsterdam Roma
Baltimore Santiago
Casablanca Tripoli
Denmark Uppsala
Edison Valencia
Florida Washington
Gallipoli Xanthippe
Havana Yokohoma
Italia Zurich
Jerusalem
Kilogram
Liverpool
Madagascar
New York
Oslo
Paris
Quebec
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Phonetics for radio communication
have undergone only a few iterations
since radio’s earliest days
The Evolution of Radio Phonetics - 3
World War II resulted in U.S. and
British merging similar
phonetics, 1941-1956
More of APCO phonetics began
to emerge
RAF and U.S. phonetics, 1941-1956
Able Roger
Baker Sugar
Charlie Tare
Dog Uncle
Easy Victor
Fox William
George X-ray
How Yoke
Item Zebra
Jig
King
Love
Mike
Nan
Oboe
Peter
Queen
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Phonetics for radio communication
have undergone only a few iterations
since radio’s earliest days
More Evolution of Radio Phonetics - 4
In 1956 the International/NATO
phonetics were created for
military use
Civilian aviation, ham radio
followed too
Note: “Juliett” spelled with two
t’s for French users
International/NATO phonetics, 1956-present
Alfa (Alpha) Romeo
Bravo Sierra
Charlie Tango
Delta Uniform
Echo Victor
Foxtrot Whiskey
Golf X-ray
Hotel Yankee
India Zulu
Juliett
Kilo
Lima
Mike
November
Oscar
Papa
Quebec
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Phonetics for radio communication
have undergone only a few iterations
since radio’s earliest days
APCO Phonetics Came from LAPD
Los Angeles Police Department
began using initial “APCO”
phonetics in 1940’s
Later adopted by Association of
Public Safety Communication
Officials, but not all law
enforcement agencies use
APCO phonetics
Among many agencies using
APCO:
New York City PD
Indianapolis PD
State of Maine PDs
APCO Phonetics,-present
Adam Robert
Boy Sam
Charles Tom
David Union
Edward Victor
Frank William
George X-ray
Henry Young
Ida Zebra
John
King
Lincoln
Mary
Nora
Ocean
Paul
Queen
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Phonetics You Need for DCS:
APCO, International…and More
1. Why know more than APCO phonetics?
2. History of radio communication phonetics
3. Phonetics used by Southern California agencies
4. Recent developments in radio phonetics
5. Learning the phonetics
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
DCS members are to use APCO phonetics to support LASD,
but many other nearby agencies do not use APCO
Uses APCO PhoneticsUses International/
NATO PhoneticsUses Plain English
Los Angeles County SD Orange County SD L.A. County Fire Dept.
L.A. County DCS Orange County RACES Most city Fire Depts.
Los Angeles PD (originator) San Diego County SD Many city depts.
Nearly all law enforcement in Los Angeles County
California Office of Emergency Services
School districts & other special districts
Riverside County SD Army & Air Force MARS
Ventura County SD ARRL ARES groups
Bottom line: APCO still for LASD use, but you will need to understand the
International/NATO phonetics in dealing with other radio groups
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Phonetics You Need for DCS:
APCO, International…and More
1. Why know more than APCO phonetics?
2. History of radio communication phonetics
3. Phonetics used by Southern California agencies
4. Recent developments in radio phonetics
5. Learning the phonetics
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
https://www.apcointl.org/doc/911-resources/apco-standards/601-11161-2015-status-codes/file.html
APCO Phonetics aren’t
really changing….
…but with growing use
of mobile broadband
APCO issued in 2015 a
list of common code
words for data
exchanges
Common code words
facilitate “point & click”
Code words likely used
with voice traffic too
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
https://www.apcointl.org/doc/911-resources/apco-standards/601-11161-2015-status-codes/file.html
Interesting wording
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
https://www.apcointl.org/doc/911-resources/apco-standards/601-11161-2015-status-codes/file.html
Common code
words for data
exchanges will
also facilitate data
searches &
situation analyses
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Phonetics You Need for DCS:
APCO, International…and More
1. Why know more than APCO phonetics?
2. History of radio communication phonetics
3. Phonetics used by Southern California agencies
4. Recent developments in radio phonetics
5. Learning the phonetics
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
There are traditional ways to develop familiarity with
International/NATO phonetics…
No-cost methods for learning
International/NATO phonetics
Print out a phonetics list and
memorize
Monitor aviation radio band
(108-135 MHz, AM)
Get involved with ham radio
HF DXing (note: some DXers
self-modify phonetics)
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Another way to quickly learn International/NATO phonetics…
…associate letters with images
Created by: Michael Maher, NJ2X
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Another way to quickly learn International/NATO phonetics…
…associate letters during your morning coffee
Found on ebay.com
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
Another way to quickly learn International/NATO phonetics…
…there are smartphone/tablet Apps for that
© 2016 Los Angeles County Disaster Communications Service
In summary, other agencies and groups use International/
NATO phonetics…we have been asked to know these too
DCS members will need to use APCO phonetics,
International/NATO phonetics, and plain English
During CFMB drills on HF frequencies please use
International/NATO phonetics—not APCO
DCS message handling in the future may involve more
APCO common data exchange words
Thanks for learning this information
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