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Phil Horter- City of Brookfield PD
• Active “shooter” or Active “assailant” or ?
• -What have we learned?
• -References
• -LE/FD/EMS response
Phil Horter- CBPD• This will help you at school or other places! Help with
day to day incidents/events!
• I don’t have all the answers!
• I may not have the right answers!
•Discussion points?
•What about your school? What about you? What about your community?
•Ask questions! It is OK to challenge!
Education first- Safety always!
Phil Horter- Background (Bio.)
City of Brookfield
• Along I-94
• Just west of Milwaukee
• Pop.- 40,000 (daytime 80,000)
• 30 Sq. miles
• 3rd highest equalized value in the State of Wi (Milw & Madison)
• Residents (age 25+); over 50% college degree, 95% HS diploma
• Median home value- Approx. $300,000
• PD- Approx. 70 sworn
Schools• Elmbrook School District
• Approx. 7,000 students• 5 Elem.• 2 Middle• 2 HS• 1 Special Ed. facility serving 6 counties ( * )
• Employees
• Private schools• Approx. 1,500 students • 8 Elem.• 1 K-12 ( * )(900 students, 117 acres, 6 buildings, 4 libraries, 4
gyms, etc.)
Why are we here?
Why are we here?
“And on that day, only you will know your true commitment to training”
file:///D:/Columbine%20REPORT/Photos/START_PICTURE.jpg
Pop quiz! Any Wisconsin incidents?(In chronological order)
• Wauwatosa West HS, 1993, Asst. Principal, former student (21)
• Weston HS, 2006, Principal, current student (15)
• Marinette HS, 2010, hostage situation/suicide, current student (15)
“Active shooter” or “Active assailant”?
• Active “shooter” training (Sheraton)
• Active “assailant” training (Azana)
• Training “scar”/mindset
• Knife attacks:• China- Elem. school, 22 students, 1 adult injured (series of
attacks)(adult)
• Penn.- High school, 20 students, 1 adult injured (student)
• Alaska- Elem. School, 4 students (adult)
References/Statistics- Why important?
• FBI study, 2000-2013 incidents • (160 incidents)(2 in Brookfield)• Avg. of 11.4/year (6.4/year first 7 yrs, 16.4/year last 7 yrs)• Median number killed (2), wounded (2)• 70% occurred in either a business or educational setting• 60% ended before police arrived
FBI Study Con’t
• 40% shooter committed suicide (54/64 at the scene)
• All but two, single shooter
• 6 had a female shooter
• 45/160, shooter exchanged gunfire with police
FBI study continued- Educational Environments
• 39/160 in educational environments (27 schools/12 IHE)
• 117 killed/120 wounded (13 years!)
• Worst- Va Tech (32 killed/17 wounded), Sandy Hook (26/2)
• No LE officers killed or wounded in school incidents
• Schools (PreK-12) specific- 27 incidents (57 killed, 60 wounded)
FBI Study- Educ. Env. Con’t
• 2 incidents (school board members shot)
• 14 HS incidents
• 6 middle school
• 4 Elem school
• 1 PreK-12
References/statistics- Why important? • Texas State University study 2000-2012
• Median LE response time, 3 minutes
• FBI Critical Response Group- 2012 study of 35 2012 incidents• Average incident lasts 12 minutes, 37% less than 5
• Police Executive Research Forum (PERF)- The Police Response to Active Shooter Incidents (Mar 14)• Columbine HS, Littleton Co. (1999)12 students/1 teacher killed, 24
wounded• How many more? What has changed?
• Sandy Hook Elem., Newtown Ct. (2012)20 students/6 staff killed, 2 wounded
• What should police tell the community?
• Think in advance, planning
• Take action quickly, the right action (ALiCE, Run-Fight-Hide, Avoid-Deny-Defend)
• VA Tech- Attacked 5 rooms; 1st room-92% of people were shot, another room-no one was shot, blocked door with desk, held it there
• A-D-D: We have taught people in a lock-down to stay away from the door, should we? Perhaps position yourself near the door, out of sight, if they enter, fight back, don’t fight fair! Don’t be trapped in the corner!
• Incidents- Extreme stress
• Suspects typically do not just “snap” one day, connect the dots
References/statistics- Why important?• Texas State University Study (2000-2010), Peter Blair, Ph.D.
• Key research findings (Active Shooter Events)
• Increasing
• 37% business, 34% schools
• EMS entry often delayed
• Key training implications for LE
• Expect a fight
• Medical training
• Key equipment implications for LE
• Medical
References/statistics- NYPD study 2012 • 1996-2012 incidents (not just NY, not just schools)
• Recommendations:
• Procedures
• Vulnerability assessment, evacuation routes/practice, properly equipped shelter locations, drills
• Systems
• Limited access, accurate attendance, security video, communication
• Training
• TRAIN! Lockdown/evacuate, ALiCE, Run-Hide-Fight, Avoid-Deny-Defend, etc.
• OPTIONS!
Lessons Learned (State’s Attorney Report)• Sandy Hook (Dec. 2012) 26 KILLED, 2 WOUNDED
• Shot out the glass next to the main entrance (deter-detect-delay)• Heavily armed, immediately shot principal, school psychologist,
two other staff members (train 3 deep?), went into the office, staff was hiding
• Entered two classrooms (first grade), killed 2 adults in each room, 15 students in one, 5 in the other (rifle)
Lessons learner Con’t
• Killed himself (handgun) room 10
• From the time of first 911 call and the arrival of the first unit, less than 4 minutes
• One minute later, suspect killed himself
• All over, 5 minutes
• One story brick building, 66,000 Sq. Ft., rectangular
Lessons Learned
• Sandy Hook Con’t• 911 call, intercom system turned on, inadvertently? Provided
notice!• Why? Don’t know! Was pre-planned!• Mental health issues• Obsessed with mass murderers, particularly the shootings at
Columbine• Video games (Call to duty) Lt. Col. Dave Grossman- Stop teaching
our kids to kill• Chaos• Minimized
• *Hero 911 App.- Portland Ore. School shooting 12-12
Lessons learned• Sandy Hook
• Room 8
• Killed 2 adults (substitute & therapist)
• Killed 15 children (1 was transported but later died)
• 1 survivor, exited after police arrived
• Room 10 (teacher & therapist)
• Killed 2 adults
• Killed 5 children (1 was transported but later died)
• 11 survivors
• 9 children ran out of the room and survived, police found 2 in the class restroom
Lessons Learned• Sandy Hook Con’t
• Rooms 6 & 12 (either side of 8 & 10)• Hid in class restrooms, locked the door form the inside, kept
quiet (safe room, does that option exist?)
• Rest of the school• Most hid• Some were able to escape prior to LE arrival
• One staff member- Heard a loud crash, ran towards front lobby, saw bullet holes, smelled gunpowder, immediately called 911, alerted other staff, locked doors, remained on 911 until LE arrived
• OPTIONS!
Lessons Learned
• Sandy Hook Con’t
• 8 shell casings outside front door
• 16 shell casings inside front door (lobby)
• 80 shell casings in classroom 8 (24 live rounds)
• 49 shell casings in classroom 10
• 153 shell casings total (5.56 mm)
• 253 live rounds on the shooters body (various caliber-5.56/9mm/10mm) (59 additional live rounds found in that room)
• Suspect’s car- shotgun/Ammo.
Lessons Learned- Sandy Hook
• “It is equally clear that law enforcement arrived at Sandy Hook Elementary School within minutes of the first shots being fired. They went into the school to save those inside with the knowledge that someone might be waiting to take their lives. It is also clear that the staff of Sandy Hook Elementary School acted heroically in trying to protect the children. The combination saved many children’s lives”.
Law enforcement/Fire/EMS response
LE/Fire/EMS response
• What has been a major weakness in public safety response to active assailant response in the last 15 years?
• What has changed?
• Can we improve?
LE/Fire/EMS
• Rapid deployment, both LE and EMS• Contact teams• “Rescue Task Force”
• Treat, move, treat• Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (TECC)• Casualty Collection Point (CCP)• Rapid Treatment Model
• Equal emphasis on locating/ stopping the suspect and aggressive treatment of victims in the “warm” zone
Questions?
• Thank you!
• Capt. Phil Horter
• City of Brookfield PD
• 262-787-3563
• horter@ci.Brookfield.wi.us
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