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2008/SOM3/IEG/SEM2/014
Peru: Infrastructure Project for the Integration of Asian Economies and South America
Submitted by: Peru
Seminar on Recent Trends on Investment Liberalization and Facilitation in Transport and
Telecommunication Infrastructure Lima, Peru
13–14 August 2008
Infrastructure project for the integration of
Asian economies and South America
PERU:
Carlos Puga Pomareda
Viceministro de Transportes
Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones -PERU
INVESTMENT IN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
• Investment in transport infrastructure is considered an essential element for the support and development of economic and social activities. The following reasons briefly explain the importance of this type of investment.
– Inclusion of new productive areas in the domestic economy. – Promotion of productive, commercial and service-related activities. – Improvement of the homeland integration and security.– Streamlining commercial exchanges with the rest of the world.
• Meet the requirements of the population’s productive and social activity.
• Standardize the decentralized regional development.
• Foster our country’s international trade development within the framework of an integration process.
GENERAL OBJETIVES
1. CURRENT SITUATION OF 1. CURRENT SITUATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN PERUINFRASTRUCTURE IN PERU
21%21,987 102,887 TOTAL
8%4,560 60,000 LOCAL ROAD NETWORK
13%2,495 19,049 DEPARTMENTAL ROAD NETWORK
63%14,932 23,838 NATIONAL ROAD NETWORK
Road Network needs served
(%)
Intervention by the MTC
(km)Existing Road Network (km)Type of road network
SITUATION OF THE ROAD NETWORK TO MARCH 2008
ROADS
Concentration of cargo and operational inefficiency
PORTS
Maritime Port of Callao
49%
Port of Chimbote6%
Port of Paita7%
Others19%
Source: SUNAT
Port of Pisco19%
VOLUME OF TRADE ACCORDING TOTHE CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT, 2007 1/
13
52 47
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Callao Cartagena (2006) Valparaiso (2005)
Source: MTC
CONTAINERS MOVEMENT PER VESSELAND HOUR, 2007
There is still much to do
GENERAL PANORAMA
Road Network 82 6 697 6 829Ports 560 135 695Airports 63 80 143Railroads 0 17 17
Total 705 6 929 7 684Fixed teleph. lines 595 589 1 184
Mobile teleph. lines 2 151 1 299 3 449
Total 2 746 1 888 4 633
INVESTMENT GAPS IN PERU(US$ million)
Transport
Communications
Source: IPE & ADEPSEP, 2005
Lima Provinces Total
INFRASTRUCTURE QUALITY RANKINGIN LOGISTIC ASPECTS, 2007 1/
(Position)
57
53
49
47
34
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Peru
Mexico
Brasil
Argentina
Chile
Source: World Bank1/ Based on a sample of 150 countries
HOW MUCH DOES POOR INFRASTRUCTURE COST?
Roads
Ports
Airports
COST OVERRUNS DUE TOLACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE
(US$ million)
Source: IPE, CIUP, ADESEP
0
128
16
188
26
28
188
154
44
Lima Provinces Total
Total 144 242 386
AVERAGE LOGISTIC COSTSIN PRODUCT SALES VALUE (2004)
8,59,09,5
18,020,0
23,024,0
26,027,0
32,0
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0 35,0
SingaporeOCDE
USAChile
MexicoColombia
Latin AmericaBrazil
ArgentinaPeru
Source: Guasch 2004
2. HOW ARE WE DEALING WITH THIS 2. HOW ARE WE DEALING WITH THIS SITUATION? SITUATION?
ACTION PLAN OF THE MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
• Focus on the development of a multimodal transport system. • Granting every potential project to be
privatized for concession. • Provide better solutions to improve
infrastructure access. • Outsource roads maintenance works. • Decentralize roles for a higher participation of regional and local
governments. • Improve regulations.
Ultimate goal:A more integrated country
New Containers Terminal (Southern
Zone) ProjectPROJECTS COMMENCEMENT
OF WORKSCOMMITTED INVESTMENT
CONCESSIONAIRE ORIGIN
New ContainersTerminal (Southern
Zone)
Awarded for the design,
construction, operation and maintenance
of a new containers terminal
April 2008
US$374 million:US$305 million in the first 3-month stage;
US$257 million in the second stage, and US$171 million for
additional investment
Consorcio Terminal Internacional de Contenedores (P & O Dover / Dubai Ports and Uniport)
England/ the United Arab Emirates-Peru
El Callao Port
Terminal
Awarded for the acquisition
of 4 gantry cranes to be
installed between the end of 2008
and the beginning of
2009
2nd Semester 2008
US$24.6 million for the acquisition of 2
pier cranes and US$4.8 million for the acquisition of 2
yard cranes
Shangai Zhenhua Port Machinery and Consorcio Lamlar-Triton
China -Sweden / Finland
PORTS
Fuente: EmpresasElaborabión: El Comercio
LIMA
COMING NEXT…
PHASE I (2009-2010)
PHASE II (2021)
PHASE I: REQUIREMENTS
2009-2010• New Containers Terminal• Construction of a 300m berth.• Construction of a 12ha containers
yard. • Two pier gantry cranes.• Four yard cranes • Additional equipment• Dredging works (13m)• Maintenance and operational works
are only conducted at the existing pier.
• Estimated investment: US$115million
PHASE II: ON DEMAND
PORT TERMINAL OF PAITA
PHASE I (2009-2010)
PHASE II (2021)
PHASE I: REQUIREMENTS
Repair and upgrading works of 350m at the existing pier for the implementation of a Containers Terminal. Upgrading works at the warehouse zones for constructing a 12ha containers yard.Two pier gantry cranes. Two yard cranesTwo stackersAdditional equipmentDredging works (13 m)Maintenance and operational works are only carried out at the rest of the pier. Estimated investment: US$80 million
PHASE II: ON DEMAND
PORT TERMINAL OF GRAL. SAN MARTIN
ROADSROADS
Objectives:
• Longitudinal road axes
• IIRSA
Puno
Cusco
Cerro de Pasco
Cajamarca
Piura
Huaraz
Ayacucho
Huancayo
Trujillo
Arequipa
Lima
Includes maintenance works.
Road Concessions Program Km
Investment (USD million)
Total estimate 4138 2200Work Progress (2007) 418 434Projection for 2008 397 339
i. National Road Axes
• Granted in concession/ supplementary credit
Longitudinal road axes
IIRSA
Peru Project
Work progress (2007)
TOTALGOALKms *
INVESTMENT million S/.
2006 - 2011 5,184 10,465
*CONSTRUCTION, UPGRADING AND REHABILITATION OF ASPHALT PAVED ROADS (PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INVESTMENT)
Goal for 2011:
RAILROADSRAILROADS
Private initiative:
Peru- Brasil railroad line (FETAB)
• Length: 1411 km (inside the Peruvian territory)
• Investment: US$4500 million
Upcoming facts…
RAILROADS
Railway Project in the Midsouth of Peru
• Length: 1480Km
• Estimated investment: US$1000 million
• The potential development of the project
is linked to a variety of mining projects
currently undertaken, including
Huancabamba, San Juan de Chacña
(Apurimac), Las Bambas (Apurimac).
Coming next…
RAILROADS
AIRPORTSAIRPORTS
Jorge Chavez International AirportGranted in 2001 for a 30 year-term. Estimated investment: US$1214 million in
the long term. Investment to 2007 from the beginning of
the concession period: US$182 million.Projected investment for 2008:
US$62.5 million, General Sales Tax included. Investment made to March 2008: US$2.9 million.
(Based on information provided by the Supervisory Organization for Infrastructure Investment in Public Transportation (OSITRAN) )
AIRPORTS
Regional airports- First group (Northern airports including the Pisco Airport)
– Investment: US$30 million for the first three years (US$120 million in the long term)
– Investment for 2008: US$13 million – Granted for a 25-year concession term. – Concessionaire: Aeropuertos del Perú (GBH-
Swissport Aeropuertos).
Coming next…
Second group of airports to be granted– Estimated investment: US$157 million in the long term– Estimated award: 4th trimester of 2008– A 25-year concession term
AIRPORTS
TACNA
MOQUEGUA
PUNO
AREQUIPA
CUZCO
MADREDE DIOS
AYACUCHO
HUANCAVELICA
HUANCAYOLIMA
PASCO
HUÁNUCO
UCAYALIANCASH
TRUJILLO
CAJAMARCA
AMAZONAS
IQUITOS
SAN MARTÍN
PIURA
CHICLAYO
TUMBES
APURÍMACICA
Granted
Under concession process
TUMBESAIRPORT
AIRPORTTALARA
AIRPORTPIURA AIRPORT
CHACHAPOYAS
AIRPORTCHICLAYO
AIRPORTTRUJILLO
AIRPORTCAJAMARCA
AIRPORTTARAPOTO
AIRPORTANCASH
AIRPORTPUCALLPA
AIRPORTIQUITOS
JORGE CHAVEZINTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AIRPORT
PUERTOMALDONADO
AIRPORTAYACUCHO
AEROPUERTONASCA
AIRPORTAREQUIPA
AIRPORTTACNA
AIRPORTJULIACA
AIRPORTAPURÍMAC
A COMPREHENSIVE AND SIMPLIFIED A COMPREHENSIVE AND SIMPLIFIED VIEW OF FOREIGN TRADEVIEW OF FOREIGN TRADE
A comprehensive and simplified view of Foreign Trade
Modernization of the JC Inter-
national Airport
Double runway
Investment:
US$1,214 million
Logistic Activity
Zone
Studies are already underway
Modernization of the Port Terminal of
CallaoNew Containers Terminal
(Southern Zone) Equipment
ENAPUInvestment: US$1,000 million
Multim
odal
Developm
en t
Scheme location of functional areas
The presence of a LAZ in the logistic system willreduce the current cost of stock management,
estimating the possibility of generating saves of upto US$135.33 million annually.
INTERMODAL TRANSPORT SERVICE INTERMODAL TRANSPORT SERVICE PLANNING PLANNING
PORTS
WATER TRANSPORT
AIRPORTS
AIR TRANSPORT
ROADS AND RAILROADS
LAND TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE
TRANSPORT SERVICES
REGULATION
INFORMATION
REG
ULA
TIO
N
IN
FO
RM
ATIO
N
LOGISTIC CENTERS
INTEGRAL LOGISTICS
INTERMODAL TRANSPORT PLAN (PHASE 1)
INTERMODAL TRANSPORT PLAN (PHASE 2)
Analyse the characteristics of the Peruvian logistic system on a comprehensive basis.
Propose a series of actions aimed at fostering the sustainable development of a diversified value-added logistic services supply in the country.
Improve the competitiveness of the economy and the efficiency of transport infrastructure.
DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR TRANSPORT LOGISTICS SERVICESOBJECTIVES:
DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR TRANSPORT LOGISTICS SERVICES
• Propose comprehensive solutions to promote a diversified value-added logistic services supply in the country while meeting the whole productive sector needs in order to contribute to`the competitiveness of the economy and efficiency of the existing and projected transport infrastructure.
DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR TRANSPORT LOGISTICS SERVICES
SERVICES DEMAND• Identification of productive segments and associated
logistic chains.• Location of production site and preliminary
identification of transport means; establishment of an influence area for logistic chains.
• Identification of the logistic chain structure: length, specialization and value.
• Demand sorted by logistical parameters on the basis of the national and international market location.
• Market trends and impacts on the logistic chain performance.
DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR TRANSPORT LOGISTICS SERVICES
SERVICE OPERATORS• Inventory of transport and logistic
operators. • Establishment of operation costs. • Regulation: Factors restraining the
development of the logistic supply from the perspective of operators.
CITYCITY--PORT/ AIRPORT/ LOGISTIC PORT/ AIRPORT/ LOGISTIC ACTIVITY ZONE RELATIONSHIPACTIVITY ZONE RELATIONSHIP
General Objective
• Size freight transport services geared to the import/export of goods among the port of Callao, Jorge Chavez International Airport, and the logistic activity zone while quantifying future needs (in the short, medium and long term).
Scope Space
The study considers that cargo flows are directly carried through the airport and port of Callao (arrival/ dispatch of cargo), either from the outside of the Metropolitan area or inside.
Puerto
Aeropuerto
LEYENDAÁrea del Puerto y Aeropuerto
Flujo de Carga que ingresa/sale de Lima y se relaciona con el Puerto/Aeropuerto del Callao
Flujo de Carga al interior del Área Metropolitana que se relaciona con el Puerto/Aeropuerto del Callao
Specific Goals• Model cargo flow behaviour from the Port, Airport of Callao and Logistic
Activity Zone to the same destinations, in the short (2007-2009), medium (2010-2014) and long (2015-2027) term.
Identify, evaluate and emphasize a series of urban road infrastructure projects inside the Metropolitan Area of Lima and Callao. Such projects will be of great importance for an efficient cargo flow traffic from the Port and Airport of Callao to the same destinations.
• Design proposals for alternative funding for the implementation of projects identified.
• Generate proposals for the efficient operation of freight transport system in the Metropolitan Area of Lima and Callao.
Southern Peru Logistic Platform Southern Peru Logistic Platform ManagementManagement
SOUTHERN PERU LOGISTIC PLATFORM MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVE
• Design a logistic platform in the south of Peru, consisting of value-added logistic services and promoting diversified services supply for producers of the influence area. This platform will be potentially managed through a public-private partnership.
A referential framework of the study
PERÚ
BOLIVIA
CHILE
Oruro
Sucre
Ilo
Juliaca
Tacna
Lima
Arica Pto. Suarez
Matarani
Puno
MIAMI / USA / ASIA
La Paz
Santa Cruz
ROTTERDAM / EUROPA
EUROPA
La Libertad
MoqueguaCochabamba
Trujillo
Arequipa
EUROPA / ASIA / USA
EUROPA / ASIA / USA
PERÚ
BOLIVIA
CHILE
PERÚ
BOLIVIA
CHILE
Oruro
Sucre
Ilo
Juliaca
Tacna
Lima
Arica Pto. Suarez
Matarani
Puno
MIAMI / USA / ASIA
La Paz
Santa Cruz
ROTTERDAM / EUROPA
EUROPA
La Libertad
MoqueguaCochabamba
Trujillo
Arequipa
EUROPA / ASIA / USA
EUROPA / ASIA / USA
Fuente: IIRSA 2006, análisis logístico del Eje Andino
Foreign trade has experienced an increasingly dynamic process in Peru and all over the world. However, the low competitiveness of the economyis a main problem, partly due to the high logistic costs- one of the highest in the region.
1
2
9
1416
19
2325
32
USA CHILE MEXICO COLOMBIA BRASIL ARGENTINA PERU
Fuente: Banco Mundial (2001)
Logistic cost as % of the sales value
High logistic costs arise from an inefficient transport services operation resulting from the existence of several operators competing for small sales volume. This situation, consequently, gives rise to undervalued rates not allowing for covering the operational costs.
A referential framework of the study
A solution found in developed countries to counter inefficiencies throughout the logistic chain is the creation of logistic platforms, partly promoted and managed by the public sector. These platforms foster value-added logistic services.
3
4
Due to the high incidence of logistic costs in setting prices and providing a qualified basic supply, it is necessary to promote mechanisms for the improvement, diversification and specialization of logistic services supply, thus developing an increasingly efficient system.
PRODUCTORES
DISTRIBUIDORES
COMPRADORES
CONSUMIDORES FINALESPROVEEDORES
FUENTES DE SUMINISTRO
ORIGIN
INFRAESTRUCTURA REGULACIÓN
SERVICIOS INFORMACIÓN
Supply
ProducciDistribuci
Empresa focal
Ventas
VALOR AGREGADO
Producció n, Almacenaje, Transporte, Costo de inventario, Trá mites documentarios
Trámites y desembarque en puerto de destino
Transporte y distribución
AGREGACIÓ N DE COSTOS
Posición en
tiempo y lugar
para la entrega
Producción
Transporte y tránsitoInventario de
productos terminados
Transporte y tránsito
Trá mites y embarque en el puerto de origen
Necesidades del Mercado:
• Menor Costo• Menor Tiempo• Mayor Calidad• Má s Flexibilidad
DESTINATION
Production Distribution Sales
• What are the most important productive sectors?
• What is the most important strategic role to be fulfilled by each sector?
• What type and volume of cargo is considered?
Key parameters for providing a strategic definition of the logistic platform
Sectors
• What areas and markets are part of the logistic platform? (Government, national and international- CAN- agencies)Influence areas
• What kind of transport modes can provide access to the platform?(Proximity to ports, airports, railroads and roads)Mode of access
• How developed are logistic services in the region? (Logistic operators, carriers)
• Is there any level of competence of other logistic nodes? Others
• Location
• Types of logistic platform
• Functional approach
Strategic approach
Geographical Approach
Influence area of the Southern Bioceanic Corridor, connecting the region of Arequipa with the Andean livestock plateau that surrounds the Titicaca’s lake (Juliaca and Puno), Bolivia, Cuzco, Madre de Dios and Brazil. Composed, additionally, of a Coastal-Southern agro-industrial corridor, consisting of valleys and pampas from Arequipa, Tacna and Moquegua.
Logistic development in Peru
• Bordered by the Pacific Ocean at the confluence of long integration axes between North and South America, and the west coast of the United States and Asia.
• Regional production and distribution centers of cargo, with an economic activity of their own, properly located in relation to the main Andean production and consumption centers.
• Institutional capacity provided to lead logistic processes.
• Consolidated Plans such as the National Strategic Plan for Exports and the Peruvian Port Development Plan.
• Large profitable companies and an important business sector with the capacity for undertaking high investment logistic projects.
Strengths
Main Integration
and Development Axes
Potential Axes
Frontier passMain ports
Economic poles
TELECOMMUNICATIONSTELECOMMUNICATIONS
Goal for 2011Up to March 2008
Coverage of the (fixed / mobile) telephone service.
Up to June 2006
YES (815 DISTRICTS)
NO (1017 DISTRICTS)
YES (1,423 DISTRICTS)
NO (409 DISTRICTS)
DESPITE THE EXPONENTIAL GROWTH, THERE ARE STILL PLACES WHERE WE CAN CONTINUE GROWING
200 000
400 000
600 000
800 000
1 000 000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Estimated growth of the broadband Internet connections
EstimatedHistorical
TELEPHONE LINES IN SERVICE(Thousands)
0
4 000
8 000
12 000
16 000
20 000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008*1 500
1 750
2 000
2 250
2 500
2 750
3 000
Fixed Mobile
Source: MTC* Up to March.
Mobile T. Fixed T.
Why should there be investments in the
communication sector?
Favorable legal framework for investment Transparent and non-discriminatory access when rendering the telecommunication public servicesPromotion of free competition. Reduction of the bureaucratic barriers for the investmentsFreedom for the remittance of royaltiesConcessions granted for a 20-year term, thus guaranteeing the return of investment
Why should there be investments in the
communication sector?
Favorable legal framework for investment Transparent and non-discriminatory access when rendering the telecommunication public servicesPromotion of free competition. Reduction of the bureaucratic barriers for the investmentsFreedom for the remittance of royaltiesConcessions granted for a 20-year term, thus guaranteeing the return of investment
EVOLUTION OF THE TOTAL DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND THE COMMUNICATIONS SECTOR
1. Rural Telecommunication Projects.
2. Promotion of private investment for infrastructure development.
3. Improvement of the regulatory framework.
POLICIES TO ACHIEVE THE GOALS OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SECTOR
Rural Broadband I1928 towns. Investment: US$ 8.8 million.Under implementation. This project will end in March 2009.
Rural Internet1050 towns. Investment: US$9.4 million. Awarded: July 2008.
Broadband for Isolated Towns3852 towns. Investment: US$45.6 millionEstimated award: September 24, 2008.
Rural Broadband II2120 towns. Investment : US$13.6 millionEstimated award: 2nd semester of 2008.
Rural Broadband Service in San Gaban-Puerto Maldonado89 towns. Investment : S/.10 million
Broadband for the development of the Valleys of Apurímac and Ene Rivers311 towns. Investment: S/.11 million
RURAL TELECOMMUNICATION PROJECTS (FITEL)
2006 20112009
RURAL TELECOMMUNICATION PROJECTS (FITEL)
Promotion of Private Investments and Competition
Bidding of Bands:
1. 800 MHz and 1900 MHz BandAwarded in July 20071,000,000 new lines in service for 5 years300 new districts with coverage
2. 900 MHz BandAwarded in December 2007Commitment: 700,000 new lines in service.
350,000 lines in Lima350,000 lines in the provinces.
3. 450 MHz BandAwarded in January 2008Commitment: 501, 000 new lines in service.
4. Next biddingsWIMAX : 2500 - 2692 MHz Band1900 MHz : Fourth mobile operator
US$920 million in private investmentUS$920 million in
private investment
COST OVERRUN FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT• Permits subject to the discretion of the central government and
regional and local governments.• Regime of concession per service.• Lack of regulations for sharing infrastructure.• Lack of promotion of rural areas. COST OVERRUN IN THE MOBILE INDUSTRY.• Tariff of terminals and antennas. • RoyaltyTax that penalized the growth.LACK OF COMPETITION IN THE MOBILE AND LONG DISTANCE
SERVICES.• Pre-selection of the dominating operator by default.• Lack of numerical portability.ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT • Bureaucratic proceedings for the homologation.• Excess of proceedings for equipment entrance admission.• Cost of the proceedings without support.• Poorly modern structure of the Vice-ministry.• Duplicity of functions between FITEL (OSIPTEL) and MTC
• Act Nº 28737: Act that establishes a unique concession for rendering telecommunication public services.
• Act N° 29022: Act for the expansion of telecommunications infrastructure and its Regulations.
• SD Nº 049-2006-MTC: New Regime of the Royalty Tax for mobile public services.
• SD Nº 024-2007-MTC: Regulation that makes it possible for ducts and chambers to be built for the installation of optical fiber in highways.
• SD N°003-2007-MTC: Guidelines to develop and consolidate the competence and expansion of public services.
• SD N° 040-2007-MTC: Conditions for the implementation of numerical portability in telecommunication public services.
• Project: “Regulatory framework for the promotion of the development of telecommunications in Rural Areas and Places Preferably of Social Interest.”
Adopted MeasuresPrevious Regulatory Situation
PROMOTION OF EXPANSION AND COMPETITION
1. Numerical portability
2. Establishment of technical specifications and implementation of telecommunications equipment
3. New classification of services
4. New regulatory framework for Digital Television
5. Approval of a bill for the development of telecommunication services in rural areas.
WHAT COMES NEXT?
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
• In the two last years we have accomplished the following: –Cargo traffic volume commercialized through the Port of Callao increased 15%.
–Flow of 3-7 -axle heavy vehicles, registered by toll stations nationwide, grew 23%.
–Regular passengers air traffic services nationwide increased 24%.
• The Peruvian State is willing to work together with the private sector so as to improve our country’s competitiveness. Besides, the local and regional governments are given much more importance: local highways, for example.
• The work scheme is differentiated according to the type of infrastructure to be developed.
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