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Bab 5 Pertumbuhan
Pertumbuhan Manusia
Learning Outcomes:
• describe what growth is,• identify the characteristics used to measure
growth rate, • analyse the growth curve for male and female, • compare and contrast the growth rate in male
and female,• describe the effects of nutrition on the growth
in children.
• Perubahan dalam sesuatu organisma dari segi jisim badan atau berat badan, saiz, dan bentuk tubuh badan dalam tempoh masa tertentu
• Selain itu juga, perubahan fizikal, mental dan emosi sejak dilahirkan juga dianggap sebagai pertumbuhan.
Kanak-kanak
• Ciri-ciri biasa yang digunakan untuk mengukur pertumbuhan manusia:
• BERAT • KETINGGIAN • KEPANJANGAN TANGAN • SAIZ KEPALA MANUSIA
Human growth• Proses perubahan saiz, fizikal dan
fungsi organisma
• Kadar pertumbuhan manusia boleh dibahagikan kepada 5 Fasa seperti mana pada gambar rajah di atas. Berikut adalah penerangan berkenaan setiap fasa dalam graf pertumbuhan manusia.
PERUBAHAN SEMASA
PERTUMBUHAN MANUSIA
SaizSaiz akan meningkat dari bayi ke dewasa
FizikalPerubahan fizikal apabila seseorang
membesar
Perkembangan SpiritualPerubahan spiritual
berlaku pada peringkat pertumbuhan yang
berbeza
Fungsi sel Setiap sel mempunyai
struktur dan fungsi yang spesifik
Lengkuk pertumbuhan Manusia• Bayi
• Petumbuhan berlaku dengan sangat pantas• Kanak-kanak
• Perlahan dan berterusan• Remaja
• Dengan cepat terutama selepas akhil baligh • Dewasa
• Pertumbuan perlahan dan terhenti• Tua
• Pertumbuhan negetif
Perbandingan antara lelaki dan perempuan
Comparison• Infancy• Growth rate for a male = female• Childhood• Growth rate of male > female• Early Adolescent• Growth rate of female > male• Later Adolescent• Growth rate of male > female• Female starts & ends adolescence earlier• Male starts & ends his adolescence later
Nutrient Importance
Proteins Build new cells & tissues
Carbohydrate & Fats Provide energy
Calcium, Phosphorus & Vitamin D
Building teeth & bones
Iron Building red blood cell
Vitamins Fight infections
Weight gain boy vs girlChildhood Adolescence Adulthood
Infancy
• Apart from body weight, height can be used to measure the rate of human growth.
• State the period of the most rapid human development.• 0–2 years• At which growth stage is the rate of increase in body weight• (a) in boys and girls almost the same?• 0–6 years• (b) faster in boys than in girls?• 6–10 years and 14 years and above• (c) faster in girls than in boys?• 10–14 years
• Why are adult men taller than adult women?• The growth period in boys is longer than in
girls.• Children are very active during adolescence. Suggest
one food class that they need to consume in large quantities in their diet.
• Carbohydrates/Fats
5.2 Discussion activity
1. (Proteins, Carbohydrates) are needed to supply more energy to children.
2. (Fats, Proteins) are needed to build new tissues in the body.
3. The formation of strong bone and teeth needs (calcium, iodine).
4. Consuming too much food will lead to (obesity, anaemia).
5. Deficiency of protein in children will cause (rickets, kwashiorkor).
1
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Infancy
Diagram 1
2• (a) The growth rate in females is same as that in males at infancy stage.
• (b) The growth rate in females is faster than in males at adolescence stage.
• (c) The growth rate in males is faster than females at childhood stage.
• (d) The rate of growth is the fastest at the infancy stage.
• (e) The rate of growth in adolescents is faster than that in children.
1
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Infancy
1
• (b) At which stage does a human being grow the fastest?
• K/Infancy• (c) At which stage does a human being grow the
slowest?• N/Adulthood• (d) At which stage does a female grow faster
than a male?• M/Adolescence
2
• (b) What is the best food for humans at stage P?• Mother’s milk• (c) At which stage does a human reach puberty?• R/Adolescence• (d) Explain why children need carbohydrates in large quantities.• Children are very active
P: Infancy Q: Childhood R: Adolescence S: Adulthood
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