Perspective - Publishers Design · Perspective is one of the most important tools in drawing a...

Perspective

Basic Perspective For Drawing

Perspective is one of the most important tools in drawing a 3-dimensional scene or object on a

2-dimensional surface.

Types of “Linear” perspective: •  Single- (or one-) point

•  Two-point •  Three-, four-, and five-point

Types of “Atmospheric” perspective: •  Aerial (Diffusion of detail and tone)

•  Layering (Foreground, to mid, to background) •  Proportional (Size relationship)

•  Color temperature, detail, and contrast

Single-Point Perspective Grid (Review) Basic 1-Point Perspective Rules Structural lines, like roof lines, sidewalks, fence lines, furniture, floors, etc.:

Lines moving toward the horizon and/or a vanishing point (in other words, away from you) are called “converging perspective” lines:

• Converging lines above the horizon move downward as they go away toward the horizon. • Converging lines below the horizon move upward as they go away toward the horizon.

Horizontal and vertical lines not moving toward the horizon:

• Vertical structural lines like corners of buildings, window/door casings, light poles, corners should be drawn straight up and down to meet the top and bottom converging perspective lines. • Tops and bottoms of objects (surfaces or planes) that face you should be drawn horizontal.

Linear Perspective

Two-Point

Linear Perspective Comparing 2-Point to 1-Point

Two-point perspective grid is used when you are viewing an object or scene from an angle (or a corner). You can see at least two converging, connected sides

(planes) of the subject instead of one side, as in one-point perspective.

EL VPL VPR VP

Two-point is used when viewing an object or scene from an angle or corner. It has two vanishing points (VPL and VPR). All converging perspective lines move toward the horizon line (EL)

One-point is used when viewing an object or scene straight on. It has one vanishing point (VP). All converging perspective lines move toward the horizon line (EL). This example could be the interior of a room, or a street with two buildings flanking it.

Linear Perspective: Two Point Determining which VP the converging perspective lines go to for an exterior scene

VPL VPR EL

To establish converging perspective lines, merely look for the direction (upward or downward) a line moves toward the horizon. If it moves downward, it is above the horizon. If it moves upward, it is below the horizon. Lines that converge leftward toward the horizon, converge at the left vanishing point (VPL). Lines that converge rightward toward the horizon, converge at the right vanishing point (VPR).

Exterior Scene

Linear Perspective: Two Point Determining which VP the converging perspective lines go to for an interior scene

VPL VPR EL

Interior converging perspective lines converge in opposite directions than exterior walls do. Remember, check to see which direction the lines of a wall converge. Lines that converge leftward toward the horizon, converge at the left vanishing point (VPL). Lines that converge rightward toward the horizon, converge at the right vanishing point (VPR).

Interior Room

Linear Perspective: Two Point Determining which VP the converging perspective lines go to for interior scene

VPL VPR EL

Simply put, when you are viewing a structure from an angle (corner) and can see two sides (walls) of the structure, you are dealing with two-point perspective. Lines that converge leftward toward the horizon, converge at the left vanishing point (VPL). Lines that converge rightward toward the horizon, converge at the right vanishing point (VPR).

Interior Room Left Interior Wall

Lines converge at the right vanishing point (VPR).

Right Interior Wall Lines converge at the left vanishing point (VPL).

Two Point Perspective

•  Find These: 1.  Left Set of Perspective

Lines 2.  Right Set of Perspective

Lines 3.  Horizon Line (EL) 4.  Left Vanishing Point

(VPL) 5.  Right Vanishing Point

Lines that converge leftward to the horizon, converge at the left vanishing point (VPL). Lines that converge rightward to the horizon, converge at the right vanishing point (VPR).

Lines that converge leftward to the horizon (blue lines), converge at the left vanishing point (VPL). Lines that converge rightward to the horizon (green lines), converge at the right vanishing point (VPR).

Two-point Perspective Grid

Two-point Perspective Grid Interior Exercise

Corner of room

Determine where your corner is. Determine how far above and below EL the corner is positioned. Best to start the first vertical line at the foot of the corner.

Corner of room

Determine how long your left and right walls are. Draw converging perspective lines to indicate where walls meet ceiling and floor. Remember, left wall converges to VPR and right wall converges to VPL.

Let’s put in a window and a door. Use the same converging method to the VPs. Notice that the window converges to VPL and the door converges to VPR.

Perspective - Publishers Design · Perspective is one of the most important tools in drawing a...

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