View
217
Download
3
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
15
PERSONALITY TYPES AND PRAYER PREFERENCES
TYPE: EXTROVERSION INTROVERSION
PRAYER PERFERENCE
Verbal Communal Action or Gesture
Nonverbal Alone Reflection
EXPERIENCE GOD THROUGH
People Events Scripture Stories Nature
Individual Experience Inspirational Scripture Internal World
AVOID Exclusion Loneliness
Intrusions Confusions
TYPE: SENSATE INTUITIVE PRAYER PERFERENCE
Praying with the senses: Smell - Incense Taste - Sipping Water Touch - Rosary Sight - Slides Hearing - Music, Birds The Gospel of Mark Prefer not to sit for a long period of time in meditation. Prefer simple prayers
Mystery as a way Prophetic Books of Scripture The Gospel of John Guided Imagery Prayer of a few words Likes silence and stillness
EXPERIENCE GOD THROUGH Their own experience Insights . . .
AVOID Ambiguity Restriction
Repetition TYPE: THINKERS FEELERS PRAYER PERFERENCE
Cognitive – mind centered 10 Commandments Psalms of Justice The “Word” is primary Search for Truth Gospel of Matthew
Affective – heart centered Beatitutes Psalms of Praise Story Telling Remembering Gospel of Luke
EXPERIENCE GOD THROUGH
Primal Cause Just Judge Abba
AVOID Inconsistency Ignorance
Conflict Estrangement
16
TYPE: JUDGERS PERCEIVERS PRAYER PERFERENCE
Planned Structured Working Prayer Closure and Productive Seven Days of Creation
Unplanned Spontaneous Playful Open and Reflective Second Creation Story
EXPERIENCE GOD THROUGH Order and “Ought” Serendipitous and “Is”
AVOID Helplessness Disorder
Regimentation Deadlines
Personality & Prayer Class Outline
Teresa Marotta
1. Opening Prayer 2. Introduction to Personality Type 3. “Who’s on the Ark?” – your results 4. What do all these letters mean? Break 5. The 16 types and Prayer 6. Using what you know in ministry For Discussion with your Sponsor: What does all this tell you about God’s unique design of you? God played with an infinite number of possibilities, and then He thought of you. What a thought!
NO ASSIGNMENT FOR THIS CLASS – YEAH TEAM!
2
PERSONALITY DIFFERENCES AND LEARNING STYLES
Below are found examples of how personality type is represented in the ways we learn. While we have all had learning experiences employing each of the modes, some more naturally bring out our unique personal strengths. Much of the following is a summary of themes found in Gifts Differing by Isabel B. Myers, 1980.
EXTRAVERSION INTROVERSION
Strengths as a student are seen early Strengths as a student often surprise others later
Learn best with others Learn best alone or with individual attention
Likes learning through activity and experience Likes quiet for study without interruption of concentration
Employ trial and error to see what works and Anticipate problems before plunging in too what doesn’t quickly
Go from doing to considering and then back to Go from considering to doing and then back doing to considering
Good at initiating Good at reacting
Put learning into action before the idea gets stale Pause to understand clearly before putting learning into action
Communicate learning best through demonstrating Communicate learning best through describing
SENSORY PERCEPTION INTUITIVE PERCEPTION
Patient with routine or detailed material Patient with abstract or complex material
Errors of fact are rarely risked or encountered Errors of fact are considered natural to learning
Annoyed when a part of communication is left Bored when communication is too explicit to the imagination
Observant at the expense of imagination Imaginative at the expense of observation
Enjoy using what already learned Enjoy learning new things
Like to verify what instructors say by experiencing Like to create a fantasy of the situation the it oneself instructor is describing
3
Value soundness and usefulness of understanding Value quickness and originality of understanding
Re-examine answers to test questions to be certain Trust first hunches about answers to test questions
Like the chance to be precise on untimed tests Like the challenge of timed tests
Seek understanding of new symbols in a careful Seek understanding of new symbols through and deliberate way unconscious impressions and hunches
THINKING JUDGMENT FEELING JUDGMENT
Learn best when given a clear and objective Learn best when given personal rationale encouragement
Like giving and receiving a critical analysis Criticisms are often taken personally
Solve problems according to “right vs. wrong” Solve problems through determining what’s principles most important to the people involved
Begin studying first that which should be learned Begin studying first that which is more valued personally
May overlook personal feelings in group projects Seek harmony in group projects
Good at weighing the logical consequences of Good at deciding what would be most alternative courses of study rewarding among alternative courses of study
JUDGING PERCEIVING
Complete tasks on time or early Postpone unpleasant tasks
Often overachieving Often underachieving
Trust that enough is usually known to write Want to understand all there is to know before the paper now beginning to write the paper
Structure things now to avoid unexpected Comfortable dealing with the unexpected emergencies later when it arises
Give answers out of valuing decisiveness Seek information out of valuing inquisitiveness
Once finished with a project consider it Leave room for alterations to a project at the satisfactory enough last minute
Finish one project before starting another Start many projects and delay finishing most
4
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
C
hara
cter
istic
s fr
eque
ntly
ass
ocia
ted
with
eac
h ty
pe
Sen
sing
Typ
es
In
tuiti
ve T
ypes
ISTJ
S
erio
us, q
uiet
, ear
n su
cces
s by
co
ncen
tratio
n an
d th
orou
ghne
ss.
Pra
ctic
al, o
rder
ly, m
atte
r-of-f
act,
logi
cal,
real
istic
, and
dep
enda
ble.
See
to it
that
ev
eryt
hing
is w
ell o
rgan
ized
. Ta
ke
resp
onsi
bilit
y. M
ake
up th
eir o
wn
min
ds
as to
wha
t sho
uld
be a
ccom
plis
hed
and
wor
k to
war
d it
stea
dily
, reg
ardl
ess
of
prot
ests
or d
istra
ctio
ns.
INTJ
U
sual
ly h
ave
orig
inal
min
ds a
nd g
reat
dr
ive
for t
heir
own
idea
s an
d pu
rpos
es
in fi
elds
that
app
eal t
o th
em.
They
ha
ve a
fine
pow
er to
org
aniz
e a
job
and
carry
it th
roug
h w
ith o
r with
out
help
. Sk
eptic
al, c
ritic
al, i
ndep
ende
nt,
dete
rmin
ed, s
omet
imes
stu
bbor
n.
Mus
t lea
rn to
yie
ld le
ss im
porta
nt
poin
ts in
ord
er to
win
the
mos
t im
porta
nt.
INFJ
S
ucce
ed b
y pe
rsev
eran
ce, o
rigin
ality
, and
de
sire
to d
o w
hate
ver i
s ne
eded
or
wan
ted.
Put
thei
r bes
t effo
rts in
to th
eir
wor
k. Q
uiet
ly fo
rcef
ul, c
onsc
ient
ious
, co
ncer
ned
for o
ther
s. R
espe
cted
for t
heir
firm
prin
cipl
es.
Like
ly to
be
hono
red
and
follo
wed
for t
heir
clea
r con
vict
ions
as
to
how
bes
t to
serv
e th
e co
mm
on g
ood.
ISFJ
Q
uiet
, frie
ndly
, res
pons
ible
, and
co
nsci
entio
us.
Wor
k de
vote
dly
to m
eet
thei
r obl
igat
ions
. Le
nd s
tabi
lity
to a
ny
proj
ect o
r gro
up.
Thor
ough
, pai
nsta
king
, ac
cura
te.
Thei
r int
eres
ts a
re u
sual
ly n
ot
tech
nica
l. C
an b
e pa
tient
with
ne
cess
ary
deta
ils.
Loya
l, co
nsid
erat
e,
perc
eptiv
e, c
once
rned
with
how
oth
er
peop
le fe
el.
ESTJ
P
ract
ical
, rea
listic
, mat
ter-o
f-fac
t, w
ith a
na
tura
l hea
d fo
r bus
ines
s or
mec
hani
cs.
Not
inte
rest
ed in
sub
ject
s th
ey s
ee n
o us
e fo
r, bu
t can
app
ly th
emse
lves
whe
n ne
cess
ary.
Lik
e to
org
aniz
e an
d ru
n ac
tiviti
es.
May
mak
e go
od
adm
inis
trato
rs, e
spec
ially
if th
ey
rem
embe
r to
cons
ider
oth
ers’
feel
ings
an
d po
ints
of v
iew
.
ESTP
G
ood
at o
n-th
e-sp
ot p
robl
em s
olvi
ng.
Do
not w
orry
, enj
oy w
hate
ver c
omes
alo
ng.
Tend
to li
ke m
echa
nica
l thi
ngs
and
spor
ts, w
ith fr
iend
s on
the
side
. A
dapt
able
, tol
eran
t, ge
nera
lly
cons
erva
tive
in v
alue
s. D
islik
e lo
ng
expl
anat
ions
. A
re b
est w
ith re
al th
ings
th
at c
an b
e w
orke
d, h
andl
ed, t
aken
ap
art,
or p
ut to
geth
er.
ISTP
C
ool o
nloo
kers
– q
uiet
, res
erve
d,
obse
rvin
g an
d an
alyz
ing
life
with
de
tach
ed c
urio
sity
and
une
xpec
ted
flash
es o
f orig
inal
hum
or.
Usu
ally
in
tere
sted
in c
ause
and
effe
ct, h
ow a
nd
why
mec
hani
cal t
hing
s w
ork,
and
in
orga
nizi
ng fa
cts
usin
g lo
gica
l prin
cipl
es.
ENTP
Q
uick
, ing
enio
us, g
ood
at m
any
thin
gs.
Stim
ulat
ing
com
pany
, ale
rt an
d ou
tspo
ken.
May
arg
ue fo
r fun
on
eith
er
side
of a
que
stio
n. R
esou
rcef
ul in
so
lvin
g ne
w a
nd c
halle
ngin
g pr
oble
ms,
bu
t may
neg
lect
rout
ine
assi
gnm
ents
. A
pt to
turn
to o
ne n
ew in
tere
st a
fter
anot
her.
Ski
llful
in fi
ndin
g lo
gica
l re
ason
s fo
r wha
t the
y w
ant.
ESFP
O
utgo
ing,
eas
ygoi
ng, a
ccep
ting,
fri
endl
y, e
njoy
eve
ryth
ing
and
mak
e th
ings
mor
e fu
n fo
r oth
ers
by th
eir
enjo
ymen
t. L
ike
spor
ts a
nd m
akin
g th
ings
hap
pen.
Kno
w w
hat’s
goi
ng o
n an
d jo
in in
eag
erly
. Fi
nd re
mem
berin
g fa
cts
easi
er th
an m
aste
ring
theo
ries.
A
re b
est i
n si
tuat
ions
that
nee
d so
und
com
mon
sen
se a
nd p
ract
ical
abi
lity
with
pe
ople
as
wel
l as
with
thin
gs.
ENFP
W
arm
ly e
nthu
sias
tic, h
igh-
spiri
ted,
in
geni
ous,
imag
inat
ive.
Abl
e to
do
alm
ost
anyt
hing
that
inte
rest
s th
em.
Qui
ck w
ith a
so
lutio
n fo
r any
diff
icul
ty a
nd re
ady
to h
elp
anyo
ne w
ith a
pro
blem
. O
ften
rely
on
thei
r ab
ility
to im
prov
ise
inst
ead
of p
repa
ring
in
adva
nce.
Can
usu
ally
find
com
pellin
g re
ason
s fo
r wha
teve
r the
y w
ant.
ISFP
R
etiri
ng, q
uiet
ly fr
iend
ly, s
ensi
tive,
kin
d,
mod
est a
bout
thei
r abi
litie
s. S
hun
disa
gree
men
ts, d
o no
t for
ce th
eir
opin
ions
or v
alue
s on
oth
ers.
Usu
ally
do
not c
are
to le
ad b
ut a
re o
ften
loya
l fo
llow
ers.
Ofte
n re
laxe
d ab
out g
ettin
g th
ings
don
e, b
ecau
se th
ey e
njoy
the
pres
ent m
omen
t and
do
not w
ant t
o sp
oil i
t by
undu
e ha
ste
or e
xerti
on.
INFP
Fu
ll of
ent
husi
asm
s an
d lo
yalti
es, b
ut
seld
om ta
lk o
f the
se u
ntil
they
kno
w y
ou
wel
l. C
are
abou
t lea
rnin
g id
eas,
la
ngua
ge, a
nd in
depe
nden
t pro
ject
s of
th
eir o
wn.
Ten
d to
und
erta
ke to
o m
uch
then
som
ehow
get
it d
one.
Frie
ndly
, but
of
ten
too
abso
rbed
in w
hat t
hey
are
doin
g to
be
soci
able
. Li
ttle
conc
erne
d w
ith
poss
essi
ons
or p
hysi
cal s
urro
undi
ngs.
INTP
Q
uiet
and
rese
rved
. Es
peci
ally
enj
oy
theo
retic
al o
r sci
entif
ic p
ursu
its.
Like
so
lvin
g pr
oble
ms
with
logi
c an
d an
alys
is.
Usu
ally
inte
rest
ed m
ainl
y in
id
eas
with
littl
e lik
ing
for p
artie
s or
sm
all t
alk.
Ten
d to
hav
e sh
arpl
y de
fined
inte
rest
s. N
eed
care
ers
whe
re
som
e st
rong
inte
rest
can
be
used
and
us
eful
.
ESFJ
W
arm
-hea
rted,
talk
ativ
e, p
opul
ar,
cons
cien
tious
, bor
n co
oper
ator
s, a
ctiv
e co
mm
ittee
mem
bers
. N
eed
harm
ony
and
may
be
good
at c
reat
ing
it. A
lway
s do
ing
som
ethi
ng n
ice
for s
omeo
ne.
Wor
k be
st w
ith e
ncou
rage
men
t and
pr
aise
. M
ain
inte
rest
is in
thin
gs th
at
dire
ctly
and
vis
ibly
affe
ct p
eopl
e’s
lives
.
ENFJ
R
espo
nsiv
e an
d re
spon
sibl
e. G
ener
ally
fe
el re
al c
once
rn fo
r wha
t oth
ers
thin
k or
w
ant,
and
try to
han
dle
thin
gs w
ith d
ue
rega
rd fo
r the
oth
er p
erso
n’s
feel
ings
. C
an p
rese
nt a
pro
posa
l or l
ead
a gr
oup
disc
ussi
on w
ith e
ase
and
tact
. S
ocia
ble,
po
pula
r, sy
mpa
thet
ic.
Res
pons
ive
to
prai
se a
nd c
ritic
ism
.
ENTJ
H
earty
, fra
nk, d
ecis
ive,
lead
ers
in
activ
ities
. U
sual
ly g
ood
in a
nyth
ing
that
requ
ires
reas
onin
g an
d in
tellig
ent
talk
, suc
h as
pub
lic s
peak
ing.
Are
us
ually
wel
l inf
orm
ed a
nd e
njoy
add
ing
to th
eir f
und
of k
now
ledg
e. M
ay
som
etim
es a
ppea
r mor
e po
sitiv
e an
d co
nfid
ent t
han
thei
r exp
erie
nce
in a
n ar
ea w
arra
nts.
Extraverts Introverts
Introverts Extraverts
5
TYPOLOGY AND MUTUALITY
Intuitives Need Sensing Types Sensing Types Need Intuitives
To help them stay in the here and now To help open up possibilities
To apply themselves to essentials To go beyond essentials to see the signs of coming change
To help them to be realistic To see the larger context
To deal with the “red tape” To help them tackle problems with enthusiasm
To help them be patient and include important facts
Feeling Types Need a Thinker Thinking Types Need a Feeler
To help with objective analysis To predict how others will feel
To critically evaluate and find the flaws To help them appreciate the values
To be consistent and logical To arouse enthusiasm
To remain steadfast against opposition To aid in reconciliation
To think their way through to conclusions To handle people skillfully
The Intuitives’ Gifts = Clear vision of the future The Sensate’s Gifts = Practical realism The Thinker’s Gift = Incisive analysis The Feeler’s Gift = Skill with people
Opposite types can complement one another in life and work situations. Too much oppositeness may make working together difficult. There may be less likelihood of tension when people differ on one or two preferences only. For real mutuality it is necessary to try to reach an understanding of the other person’s frame of reference.
6
Personality and Prayer
EXTRAVERT: Someone who is energized
by interactions with others
INTROVERT: Someone who runs away from EXTROVERTS
7
Pers
ons
are
gifts
whi
ch th
e C
reat
or G
od s
ends
H
ave
I eve
r rea
lly lo
oked
insi
de th
e w
rapp
ing?
to u
s . .
.wra
pped
.
Am
I af
raid
to?
Pe
rhap
s I’v
e ne
ver a
ccep
ted
the
gift
that
I am
. So
me
com
e w
rapp
ed v
ery
beau
tiful
ly,
C
ould
it b
e th
at th
ere
is s
omet
hing
els
e
som
e in
ver
y or
dina
ry w
rapp
ing
pape
r.
insi
de th
e w
rapp
ings
than
wha
t I th
ink
is th
ere?
So
me
pers
ons
are
very
loos
ely
wra
pped
,
M
aybe
I’ve
nev
er s
een
the
won
derfu
l gift
that
I am
.
othe
rs v
ery
tight
ly.
Cou
ld G
od’s
gift
be
anyt
hing
but
bea
utifu
l?
Som
etim
es th
e gi
ft ha
s be
en m
isha
ndle
d in
the
mai
l.
I l
ove
the
gifts
whi
ch th
ose
who
love
me
give
to m
e.
Onc
e in
a w
hile
ther
e is
a s
peci
al d
eliv
ery!
Why
not
the
gift
of m
e?
But t
he w
rapp
ing
is n
ot th
e gi
ft!
And
I am
a g
ift to
oth
er p
erso
ns.
It
is s
o ea
sy to
mak
e th
at m
ista
ke:
Am
I w
illin
g to
be
give
n to
oth
ers?
it’
s am
usin
g w
hen
babi
es d
o.
to b
e a
pers
on fo
r oth
ers?
Do
othe
rs h
ave
to b
e co
nten
t with
the
wra
ppin
g,
Som
e pe
rson
-gift
s ar
e ve
ry e
asy
to o
pen
up;
neve
r per
mitt
ed to
enj
oy th
e gi
ft?
ot
hers
nee
d to
be
help
ed o
ut o
f the
ir bo
xes.
Is it
bec
ause
they
are
afra
id?
Ever
y m
eetin
g of
per
sons
is a
n ex
chan
ge o
f gift
s.
Do
they
thin
k it
mig
ht h
urt t
o be
ope
ned?
Lo
ve is
a re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n tw
o pe
rson
s
M
ay b
e th
ey h
ave
been
ope
ned
up b
efor
e
who
see
them
selv
es a
s th
ey re
ally
are
:
and
thro
wn
away
!
Gift
s gi
ven
by G
od to
be
give
n to
oth
ers.
C
ould
it b
e th
at th
eir g
ift is
not
for m
e?
I am
a p
erso
n. T
here
fore
, I a
m a
gift
, too
!
A gi
ft to
mys
elf,
first
of a
ll.
- aut
hor u
nkno
wn
G
od m
y C
reat
or g
ave
mys
elf t
o m
e!
7
8
© Otto Kroeger Associates 1999 Page 10-A
PATHWAYS PITFALLS • Powerful people motivators ● Carry/rescue everybody • Emphatic ● Guilt ridden • Aware of others’ feelings ● Avoid conflict, “bullet biting” • Powerful persuaders ● Grudge Carriers • Authority in the person(s) ● Flounder when person(s) fails • Powerful conceptualizers ● Mental gymnastics/game players • System planners ● Can miss immediate • Competent and consistent ● Complex and theoretical—cannot • Firm minded and fair give a simple answer • Authority in being competent ● They determine and define
“competency” • Powerful problem solvers ● Nit pickers • Precise ● Rigid • Take Charge ● Do the wrong thing • Hold subordinates/system ● See the negative, not the positive
accountable – Don’t reward ● Upward accountability – “The boss what’s expected or the system made me do it”
• Powerful problem solvers ● Can create problems when • Immediate/resourceful none to solve • Grounded/hands-on ● Low interest beyond practical • Quick starters ● Low follow through • Authority is in the moment ● Vague definition of authority
Temperament
N
F
N T
S J
S P
9
R
A T
I O
N A
L S
Ada
pted
from
“W
ho W
e Are
Is H
ow W
e Pra
y” b
y Ch
arles
J. K
eatin
g ©
Copy
right
198
7
INTJ
(In
trov
erts
Intu
itive
) A
t fir
st m
ay b
e in
clin
ed to
sp
iritu
aliti
es b
ased
on
logi
c, o
rder
an
d re
ason
. A
s th
ey p
rogr
ess i
n th
eir s
piri
tual
life
they
may
find
th
emse
lves
mor
e “a
t hom
e” in
sp
iritu
aliti
es th
at m
ake
mor
e us
e of
thei
r int
uitiv
e na
ture
.
INTP
(In
trov
erts
Thi
nkin
g)
G
row
spir
itual
ly w
here
a
theo
logi
cal s
truc
ture
is p
rese
nt.
Gro
w b
est i
n pr
ayer
, ref
lect
ion,
an
d sp
iritu
al d
ialo
gue.
ENTP
(E
xtra
vert
ed In
tuiti
ves)
May
gro
w b
est i
n a
clim
ate
of
spir
itual
serv
ice
to o
ther
s,
espe
cial
ly w
here
that
serv
ice
lead
s to
gro
wth
and
to
deve
lopm
ent.
ENTJ
(E
xtra
vert
ed T
hink
ers)
May
gro
w b
est w
ith a
theo
logi
cal
orie
ntat
ion,
a sp
iritu
ality
of
orde
rly
prog
ress
. N
eed
a fr
amew
ork
with
in w
hich
to p
lay
with
idea
s.
Nee
d to
be
patie
nt w
ith th
emse
lves
. M
ight
initi
ally
pur
sue
a sp
iritu
ality
that
eve
ntua
lly is
unf
ulfil
ling.
Re
adily
attr
acte
d to
a k
ind
of s
piri
tual
ity th
at is
mos
t co
nduc
ive
to th
eir s
piri
tual
gro
wth
.
Thin
king
spi
ritu
ality
like
s an
ord
ered
and
logi
cal a
ppro
ach
to G
od.
It m
ay g
row
out
of s
cien
ce a
nd fi
nd G
od a
nd a
way
to in
terp
ret l
ife m
eani
ngfu
lly
in te
chno
logy
. It
crav
es a
sou
nd b
asis
in lo
gica
l pri
ncip
les.
Stil
l, it
mus
t fac
e th
e re
quir
ed le
ap o
f fai
th th
at g
oes b
eyon
d re
ason
and
requ
ires
ac
cept
ance
with
out r
easo
n.
Thin
kers
face
the
chal
leng
e of
acc
eptin
g sp
iritu
al re
ality
with
out t
he b
enef
it of
reas
on, l
ogic
, or i
ntel
lect
ual p
rinc
iple
s. F
or th
is re
ason
, the
y co
nsid
er
long
and
har
d be
fore
mak
ing
a sp
iritu
al c
omm
itmen
t. T
hey
may
, in
fact
, fin
d su
ffici
ent s
atis
fact
ion
in th
e w
orld
and
in th
e m
ind
to d
elay
seri
ous
refle
ctio
n on
spi
ritu
al n
eeds
for a
tim
e.
Intu
itive
s be
nefit
mos
t fro
m a
spi
ritu
ality
that
look
s to
pos
sibi
litie
s. O
ften
they
live
by
a re
flect
ive
insi
ght i
nto
the
mea
ning
s fou
nd in
dai
ly a
ctiv
ity.
They
ofte
n ne
ed to
shar
e th
eir r
efle
ctio
ns a
nd s
piri
tual
insi
ghts
with
oth
ers,
ther
eby
disc
over
ing
new
insi
ghts
and
dir
ectio
ns.
They
do
not f
eel t
he
need
for s
peci
fic p
raye
r tim
es; a
lthou
gh th
e ne
ed c
atch
es u
p w
ith th
em in
tim
e, s
o th
at th
ey y
earn
to g
et a
way
. In
tuiti
ve T
hink
ers
ofte
n di
scov
er s
piri
tual
gro
wth
in a
theo
logi
cal o
rien
tatio
n, a
spir
itual
ity th
at e
mbo
dies
reas
on a
nd o
rder
as a
bas
is fo
r ref
lect
ion
and
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f spi
ritu
al s
cena
rios
. Th
ey a
re g
ener
ally
con
tent
to th
ink
and
reth
ink
a m
edita
tive
poin
t and
its
poss
ible
impl
icat
ions
.
Thin
king
Intu
itiv
es fi
nd sp
iritu
al g
row
th in
spi
ritu
aliti
es th
at e
ncou
rage
refle
ctio
n on
pos
sibi
litie
s and
impl
icat
ions
bey
ond
the
pres
ent e
vent
.
10
I D
E A
L I
S T
Ada
pted
from
“W
ho W
e Are
Is H
ow W
e Pra
y” b
y Ch
arles
J. K
eatin
g ©
Copy
right
198
7
INFJ
(In
tuiti
ve In
trov
erts
) A
t fir
st m
ay b
e In
clin
ed to
sp
iritu
aliti
es b
ased
on
logi
c, o
rder
an
d re
ason
. A
s th
ey p
rogr
ess i
n th
eir s
piri
tual
life
they
may
find
th
emse
lves
mor
e “a
t hom
e” in
sp
iritu
aliti
es th
at m
ake
mor
e us
e of
thei
r int
uitiv
e na
ture
.
INFP
(F
eelin
g In
trov
erts
)
Bene
fit m
ost f
rom
a fe
elin
g or
em
otio
nal s
piri
tual
ity.
Will
pr
obab
ly fi
nd s
piri
tual
gro
wth
in
the
broa
der a
reas
of i
nstit
utio
nal
chan
ge a
nd c
omm
unity
de
velo
pmen
t.
ENFP
(E
xtra
vert
ed In
tuiti
ves)
May
gro
w b
est i
n a
clim
ate
of
spir
itual
serv
ice
to o
ther
s,
espe
cial
ly w
here
that
serv
ice
lead
s to
gro
wth
and
to
deve
lopm
ent.
ENFJ
(E
xtra
vert
ed F
eeler
s)
W
ill p
roba
bly
grow
spi
ritu
ally
w
here
hum
an n
eeds
are
pa
ram
ount
. Th
ey n
eed
to fe
el
that
the
who
le p
erso
n is
co
nsid
ered
in th
eir s
piri
tual
fr
amew
ork.
Nee
d to
be
patie
nt w
ith th
emse
lves
. M
ight
initi
ally
pur
sue
a sp
iritu
ality
that
eve
ntua
lly is
unf
ulfil
ling.
Re
adily
attr
acte
d to
a k
ind
of s
piri
tual
ity th
at is
mos
t co
nduc
ive
to th
eir s
piri
tual
gro
wth
.
Intu
itive
s be
nefit
mos
t fro
m a
spi
ritu
ality
that
look
s to
pos
sibi
litie
s. O
ften
they
live
by
a re
flect
ive
insi
ght i
nto
the
mea
ning
s fou
nd in
dai
ly a
ctiv
ity.
They
ofte
n ne
ed to
shar
e th
eir r
efle
ctio
ns a
nd s
piri
tual
insi
ghts
with
oth
ers,
ther
eby
disc
over
ing
new
insi
ghts
and
dir
ectio
ns.
They
do
not f
eel t
he
need
for s
peci
fic p
raye
r tim
es; a
lthou
gh th
e ne
ed c
atch
es u
p w
ith th
em in
tim
e, s
o th
at th
ey y
earn
to g
et a
way
. Fe
elin
g sp
iritu
ality
nee
ds s
tron
g em
otio
nal d
ynam
ics
for s
piri
tual
gro
wth
. D
octr
ine
and
mor
ality
are
not
eno
ugh.
The
who
le p
erso
n ne
eds
to b
e in
tegr
ated
into
the
spir
itual
life
. Sp
iritu
ally
, as
pers
onal
ly, f
eele
rs a
ct o
ut o
f the
ir fe
elin
gs.
They
val
ue w
hat t
hey
feel
, wha
t the
y fe
el o
ther
s ar
e fe
elin
g, a
nd w
hat t
hey
are
told
oth
ers
are
feel
ing,
mor
e th
an th
ey v
alue
reas
on o
r log
ic.
Sens
ing
feel
ers
may
ado
pt a
n in
stitu
tiona
l spi
ritu
ality
bec
ause
they
feel
that
is o
f mos
t val
ue to
ot
hers
. In
tuiti
ve fe
eler
s fin
d a
need
for m
ore
pers
onal
eva
luat
ion
of w
hat i
s of
val
ue to
them
selv
es a
nd to
oth
ers.
In
tuiti
ve F
eele
rs m
ake
thei
r bes
t pro
gres
s in
hol
istic
spi
ritu
ality
, one
in w
hich
the
tota
l per
son
is in
volv
ed a
nd v
alue
d. T
heir
spir
itual
ity m
ay h
ave
a po
etic
nua
nce
not a
ppre
ciat
ed b
y in
stitu
tiona
l spi
ritu
ality
, but
not
nec
essa
rily
. Fe
elin
g In
tuit
ives
are
ofte
n at
trac
ted
to a
spi
ritu
ality
that
look
s to
uni
vers
al v
alue
s an
d po
ssib
ilitie
s. T
hey
may
be
drea
mer
s, e
xcite
d by
the
poss
ibili
ties
of p
erso
nal s
piri
tual
gro
wth
, or b
y th
e po
ssib
ilitie
s of
com
mun
ity s
piri
tual
gro
wth
. Th
ey a
re p
eopl
e or
ient
ed, b
ut o
nly
in th
e lig
ht o
f w
hat p
eopl
e ca
n be
. Fe
elin
g sp
iritu
ality
nee
ds st
rong
em
otio
nal d
ynam
ics f
or sp
iritu
al g
row
th.
Doc
trin
e an
d m
oral
ity a
re n
ot e
noug
h. T
he w
hole
pe
rson
nee
ds to
be
inte
grat
ed in
to th
e sp
iritu
al li
fe.
11
G
U A
R D
I A
N S
Ada
pted
from
“W
ho W
e Are
Is H
ow W
e Pra
y” b
y Ch
arles
J. K
eatin
g ©
Copy
right
198
7
ISTJ
(S
ensin
g In
trov
erts
) A
t fir
st m
ay b
e In
clin
ed to
sp
iritu
aliti
es b
ased
on
logi
c, o
rder
an
d re
ason
. A
s th
ey p
rogr
ess i
n th
eir s
piri
tual
life
they
may
find
th
emse
lves
mor
e “a
t hom
e” in
sp
iritu
aliti
es th
at m
ake
mor
e us
e of
thei
r int
uitiv
e na
ture
.
ISFJ
(S
ensin
g In
trov
erts
)
Bene
fit m
ost f
rom
a fe
elin
g or
em
otio
nal s
piri
tual
ity.
Will
pr
obab
ly fi
nd s
piri
tual
gro
wth
in
the
broa
der a
reas
of i
nstit
utio
nal
chan
ge a
nd c
omm
unity
de
velo
pmen
t.
ESTJ
(E
xtra
vert
ed T
hink
ers)
May
gro
w b
est i
n a
clim
ate
of
spir
itual
serv
ice
to o
ther
s,
espe
cial
ly w
here
that
serv
ice
lead
s to
gro
wth
and
to
deve
lopm
ent.
ESFJ
(E
xtra
vert
ed F
eeler
s)
W
ill p
roba
bly
grow
spi
ritu
ally
w
here
hum
an n
eeds
are
pa
ram
ount
. Th
ey n
eed
to fe
el
that
the
who
le p
erso
n is
co
nsid
ered
in th
eir s
piri
tual
fr
amew
ork.
Nee
d to
be
patie
nt w
ith th
emse
lves
. M
ight
initi
ally
pur
sue
a sp
iritu
ality
that
eve
ntua
lly is
unf
ulfil
ling.
Re
adily
attr
acte
d to
a k
ind
of s
piri
tual
ity th
at is
mos
t co
nduc
ive
to th
eir s
piri
tual
gro
wth
.
Judg
ing
pers
onal
ities
nee
d th
ings
to b
e se
ttled
, fin
d it
diffi
cult
to to
lera
te a
mbi
guity
. Fe
elin
g ju
dger
s ar
e at
trac
ted
to in
stitu
tiona
l spi
ritu
ality
. Th
ey te
nd to
find
loya
lty to
the
inst
itutio
n to
be
a ki
nd o
f spi
ritu
ality
in it
self.
In
tuiti
ve ju
dger
s, b
e th
ey th
inke
rs o
r fee
lers
, nee
d a
kind
of u
nive
rsal
spi
ritu
ality
that
enc
oura
ges
them
to se
ek o
ut m
eani
ngs a
nd im
plic
atio
ns in
an
orde
rly
fash
ion.
Fee
lers
mig
ht b
e m
ore
attr
acte
d to
a s
piri
tual
ity th
at is
mor
e cr
eativ
e an
d im
agin
ativ
e. T
hink
ers a
re m
ore
attr
acte
d to
a c
ogni
tive
styl
e of
spi
ritu
ality
. Se
nsin
g pe
rson
aliti
es a
re in
suc
h im
med
iate
con
tact
with
thei
r env
iron
men
t tha
t the
y ha
ve a
pro
blem
whe
n th
at e
nvir
onm
ent i
s not
con
duci
ve to
thei
r sp
iritu
al g
row
th.
They
will
spe
nd a
lim
ited
time
in s
uch
situ
atio
ns.
Sens
ing
spir
itual
ity m
ay se
em d
epre
ssin
g to
thos
e w
ho a
re n
ot se
nsin
g pe
rson
s, si
mpl
y be
caus
e th
e se
nsin
g in
divi
dual
can
look
at t
he p
rese
nt a
nd n
ot
be p
artic
ular
ly e
xcite
d by
futu
re p
ossi
bilit
ies.
Ste
p-by
-ste
p gr
owth
is a
ccep
tabl
e to
the
sens
ing
pers
on in
spi
ritu
al g
row
th.
Thin
king
Sen
sers
are
gen
eral
ly a
ttrac
ted
to p
ract
ical
, act
ion-
orie
nted
spi
ritu
ality
. Ye
t the
y ne
ed s
peci
fic ti
mes
for p
raye
r. T
hey
find
it di
ffic
ult t
o se
e th
eir a
ctiv
ity a
s pr
ayer
. Th
ey fi
nd s
piri
tual
sat
isfa
ctio
n in
nat
ure
or in
the
Psal
ms.
12
A R
T I
S A
N
Ada
pted
from
“W
ho W
e Are
Is H
ow W
e Pra
y” b
y Ch
arles
J. K
eatin
g ©
Copy
right
198
7
ISTP
(T
hink
ing
Intr
over
ts)
Gro
w sp
iritu
ally
whe
re a
th
eolo
gica
l str
uctu
re is
pre
sent
. Th
ey l
ook
for p
ract
ical
ap
plic
atio
ns a
nd a
ctiv
ities
for
spir
itual
gro
wth
. TP
nee
d an
ord
erly
spir
itual
ity, o
ne
that
“m
akes
sens
e,”
is lo
gica
l, in
telle
ctua
l and
theo
logi
cal.
INFP
(F
eelin
g In
trov
erts
)
Bene
fit m
ost f
rom
a fe
elin
g or
em
otio
nal s
piri
tual
ity.
They
may
fin
d th
at sp
iritu
ality
in in
stitu
tions
. Fe
elin
g sp
iritu
ality
nee
ds st
rong
em
otio
nal d
ynam
ics f
or sp
iritu
al
grow
th.
The
who
le p
erso
n ne
eds
to b
e in
tegr
ated
into
the
spir
itual
lif
e.
Nee
ds ti
me
to re
flect
pri
vate
ly.
ENFP
(E
xtra
vert
ed In
tuiti
ves)
Nee
d or
gani
zatio
n an
d di
rect
ion
with
in c
onte
xt o
f com
mun
ity.
TP n
eed
an o
rder
ly sp
iritu
ality
, one
th
at “
mak
es se
nse”
is lo
gica
l, in
telle
ctua
l and
theo
logi
cal.
ENFJ
(E
xtra
vert
ed F
eeler
s)
N
eed
spec
ific
peop
le o
rien
tatio
n an
d to
see
how
they
con
trib
ute
to
the
need
s of o
ther
s in
a sp
ecifi
c w
ay.
Feel
ing
spir
itual
ity n
eeds
stro
ng
emot
iona
l dyn
amic
s for
spir
itual
gr
owth
. Th
e w
hole
per
son
need
s to
be in
tegr
ated
into
the
spiri
tual
life
. Se
nsiti
ve to
spir
itual
mea
ning
in
hum
an e
vent
s.
Nee
d to
be
patie
nt w
ith th
emse
lves
. M
ight
initi
ally
pur
sue
a
spir
itual
ity th
at e
vent
ually
is u
nful
fillin
g.
Read
ily a
ttrac
ted
to a
kin
d of
spir
itual
ity th
at is
mos
t con
duci
ve to
thei
r sp
iritu
al g
row
th.
Can
find
sign
ifica
nt sp
iritu
al g
row
th in
com
mun
ity.
Perc
eivi
ng sp
iritu
ality
is o
ften
conf
usin
g, p
reci
sely
bec
ause
per
ceiv
ers
are
mos
t ope
n to
diff
eren
t pat
h an
d ty
pes
of s
piri
tual
gro
wth
. Pe
rcei
vers
are
in
clin
ed to
risk
, to
try
diffe
rent
dir
ectio
ns, a
nd to
be
com
fort
able
with
am
bigu
ity.
Prob
ably
mos
t com
fort
able
with
an
ecle
ctic
spi
ritu
ality
. Th
ey ta
ke
from
her
e an
d fr
om th
ere
with
equ
al e
nthu
sias
m.
Se
nsin
g pe
rcei
vers
are
dir
ecte
d m
ore
by th
eir s
econ
dary
pre
fere
nce
of th
inki
ng o
r fee
ling
than
by
sens
ing.
The
y ne
ed d
etai
l. If
they
are
thin
king
, the
de
tail
need
s to
be
logi
cal,
inte
llect
ual a
nd th
eolo
gica
l. L
ogic
al p
rinc
iple
s ar
e im
port
ant.
Fir
m d
ecis
ions
are
not
impo
rtan
t. Se
nsin
g pe
rson
aliti
es a
re in
suc
h im
med
iate
con
tact
with
thei
r env
iron
men
t tha
t the
y ha
ve a
pro
blem
whe
n th
at e
nvir
onm
ent i
s not
con
duci
ve to
thei
r sp
iritu
al g
row
th.
They
will
spe
nd a
lim
ited
time
in s
uch
situ
atio
ns.
Sens
ing
spir
itual
ity m
ay se
em d
epre
ssin
g to
thos
e w
ho a
re n
ot se
nsin
g pe
rson
s,
sim
ply
beca
use
the
sens
ing
indi
vidu
al c
an lo
ok a
t the
pre
sent
and
not
be
part
icul
arly
exc
ited
by fu
ture
pos
sibi
litie
s. S
tep-
by-s
tep
grow
th is
acc
epta
ble
to th
e se
nsin
g pe
rson
in sp
iritu
al g
row
th.
Thin
king
per
ceiv
ers,
be
they
intu
itive
or s
ense
rs, n
eed
an o
rder
ly s
piri
tual
ity, o
ne th
at “
mak
es se
nse”
. In
tuiti
ve th
inke
rs n
eed
the
free
dom
and
the
time
to re
view
spi
ritu
al u
nder
stan
ding
ove
r and
ove
r. T
hey
are
less
com
mitt
ed to
a s
choo
l of s
piri
tual
ity th
an to
the
spir
itual
dis
cove
ries
they
mak
e.
Intu
itive
feel
ers
cann
ot fi
nd s
piri
tual
gro
wth
with
out p
erso
nal g
row
th.
They
mus
t hav
e a
hum
anis
tic d
imen
sion
in th
eir u
nder
stan
ding
of G
od.
Thin
king
sens
ers
are
gene
rally
attr
acte
d to
pra
ctic
al, a
ctio
n-or
ient
ed s
piri
tual
ity.
Yet t
hey
need
spe
cific
tim
es fo
r pra
yer.
The
y fin
d it
diffi
cult
to se
e th
eir a
ctiv
ity a
s pr
ayer
. Th
eir s
piri
tual
ity is
nur
ture
d by
inte
llect
ual c
onte
nt.
13
PERSONALITY AND PRAYER – Some observations excerpted from Personality and Spiritual Freedom by Robert and Carol Ann Faucett.
INFJ: Like to practice many different kinds of prayer, and often require regular prayer-times each day. Journal-keeping helpful. Attracted to contemplative prayer. Can easily get in touch with God within. Use of imagination and symbol helpful. Midlife shift: Getting in touch with prayer using senses.
INFP: Have a strong sense of experiencing God within. Prefer to pray alone with quiet time set aside each day. Seem to be constantly seeking new and better ways to pray in silence. Journaling works well, as does a spontaneous inner response to God. Midlife shift: Getting in touch with God in creation.
INTJ: Tend to be logical and analytical in prayer and rather independent, preferring to experiment with prayer types and decide individually which types are best suited to them. Often uncomfortable in group prayer. Often find journal-keeping helpful. Midlife shift: Getting in touch with God in creation and in everyday life, including in relationships with other people.
INTP: Concerned about doctrine and the truth of the Gospel. Value well-thought-out and direct preaching. Prefer praying alone. Find reading and study of the mystics and classical spiritual texts inspirational and helpful. Midlife shift: May value the sharing of their experience of God with others, especially those closest to them.
ISFJ: Prefer to pray alone and in silence. Enjoy expressing praise, gratitude and love to God. Often drawn to traditional prayers. Certain prayer positions or postures can be helpful. Often prefer a set format and a specific place for prayer. Like to pray using senses and details. Midlife shift: May want to reflect on new possibilities in their prayer life, especially focusing on the use of imagination and symbol.
ISFP: Have strong feelings regarding prayer. Have a sense of experiencing God within and enjoy different forms of meditation. Are apt to have a very intense and personal relationship with God and have deep meaning in their lives. Journaling is useful. Like to pray nature. Very flexible in prayer and styles and open to leadings of the Spirit. Music and art are helpful. Midlife shift: May find it helpful to develop their thinking function. Might seek opportunities to share with others how God is active in their life.
ISTJ: Often need a large amount of time for daily prayer, which is usually structured in type, time and place. Journaling and use of meditation using senses and details are helpful. Midlife shift: Helpful to move from structure to more flexibility.
ISTP: Prayer is geared to the practical . . . Attracted to deep thinking and have an unusual ability to concentrate during prayer. Would benefit from spiritual direction. Midlife shift: Helpful to get in touch with feelings.
14
ENFJ: Use many different forms of prayer. Often view interpersonal relationships and service to others as powerful events of prayer. Drawn to Bible groups and communal prayer and enjoy sharing faith with others. Midlife shift: Get more in touch with interior life and look at personal strengths and weaknesses realistically.
ENFP: Prefer variety in prayer life. Enjoy praying with others, especially in good experiences of liturgy. Prefer spontaneous and group prayers. Find it difficult but necessary to take time for private prayer. Midlife shift: Regular prayer routine and slower pace needed to develop prayer using the senses and the events of daily life.
ENTJ: Like structured prayer. Find liturgy of the hours helpful. Value logic, so enjoy detailed Bible study. Tend to be more impersonal in prayer. Often enjoy leading prayer. Spiritual direction especially helpful. Midlife shift: Expend prayer horizons to try different forms. Need to develop feeling function especially in sensitivity to others.
ENTP: Like new and fresh approaches to prayer, but want a logical and orderly movement in prayer. A new insight in prayer causes them to think carefully and to be challenged. Midlife shift: A regular prayer time to slow down and listen. Need to develop more inter-personal relationships.
ESFJ: Especially drawn to group prayer. Intercessory prayer is central. Drawn to see God in everyday life and through their senses. Midlife shift: Move from action to interior reflection. Deeper involvement in social justice ministries is likely.
ESFP: Especially drawn to group prayer and to prayer through giving service. Drawn to see God in creation. Different prayer postures are helpful, as are focusing on sacred pictures, lighting candles and the like. Midlife shift: Develop more quite time to focus on inner life. Drawn to a wider variety of prayer forms.
ESTJ: Prefer structured and traditional prayer, especially liturgy. Find the support of others important and enjoy sharing faith. Value logic in prayer and enjoy Scripture study when it leads to practical applications. Like to lead others in prayer. Midlife shift: Expand prayer with new prayer styles, especially those that foster more personal relationship with God within.
ESTP: Drawn to the prayer of action. Find it easy to pray while working or driving. Enjoy sharing faith with others, Bible study groups and large group liturgies. Midlife shift: Find quieter prayer to appreciate the inner journey and to foster use of the imagination.
17
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Faucett, Robert and Carol Ann. Personality and Spiritual Freedom. New York: Image Books, 1987. A clear introduction to the personality types and to the relationship between typology and spiritual development. This book is especially good for its discussion of personality types and prayer.
Giovannoni, Louise; Berens, Linda; and Cooper, Sue. Introduction to Temperament. Huntington Beach, CA: Telos Publications, 1987. This little booklet does a good job of explaining temperament theory in general and in the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator in particular. It includes useful charts that clearly illustrate how the various types relate to each other and how typology is applied in real situations.
Grant, W. Harold; Thompson, Magdala; and Clarke, Thomas E. From Image to Likeness: A Jungian Path in the Gospel Journey. New York: Paulist Press, 1983. This book correlates the psychological types with Gospel themes and Christian values. It links, particularly, the functions of sensing, intuiting, thinking and feeling with corresponding virtues and forms of prayer. It also stresses how our common journey toward holiness is diversely pursued depending on our personality types.
Kiersey, David; and Bates, Marilyn. Please Understand Me: character and Temperament Types. Del Mar, CA: Promethesus Nemesis Book Company, 1984. The “Kiersey Sorter” – a shortened version of the Myers-Briggs Personality Indicator – comes from this excellent book which holds that each of us marches to a different drummer depending on our personality types. Each type is thoroughly described in clear, readable language.
Michael, Chester P. and Norrisey, Marie C. Prayer and Temperament. Charlottesville, VA: The Open Door, Inc., 1984. Monsignor Chester Michael is a Roman Catholic priest, and psychologist, and a theologian who writes on the relationship between psychology and spirituality. This book is the result of a study he conducted with 400 adults to discover the influences of personality type on personal prayer life.
Meyers, Isabel Briggs. Gifts Differing. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1980. Isabel Briggs Meyers was the person who developed the Meyers-Briggs Personality Type Inventory. This book includes some history of how her theory and the test developed, and perhaps the definitive descriptions of each type and their significance in human life and interactions. It is a bit heavier reading than some of the other books listed, but is a good resource for anyone wishing a more complete study of personality types.
Yabroff, William. The Inner Image: A Resource for Type Development. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1990. This is a fascinating book in which Yabroff, a practicing clinical psychologist presents a technique called “purposeful imagery” to help people not only gain insights about their own personality types, but also apply these insights in practical ways in daily life.
18
The Person Next to You
Leader: Look around you friends, look around. Who is the person sitting next to you?
Voice 1: The person next to me is the greatest miracle of God’s creation . . . . . . . . . . .
Voice 2: The person next to me is the greatest mystery I will ever meet . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voice 3: The person next to me is the WORD-MADE-FLESH, reminding me of God’s continuing presence in the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voice 4: The person next to me is a unique combination of needs and possibilities, dread and desire, smiles and frowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voice 5: The person next to me is laughter and tears, fears and hopes, anger and love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voice 6: The person next to me is evolving into something special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voice 7: The person next to me is a change agent, bringing new experiences wherever he/she goes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voice 8: The person next to me is filled with grace and beauty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voice 9: The person next to me is embodied wisdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voice 10: The person next to me is a child of the universe reaching out to a world in need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leader: Yet the person next to you can never be fully understood. He/she is more than any description or explanation. For the person next to you is a mystery . . . as the word made flesh is mystery and dwelt among us. So Friends, look around you; for God is here. Let us celebrate!
Recommended