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8/8/2019 Personality - Students
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Describe yourself.
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Describe yourself.
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Personality Psychology
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Personality
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Personality
A distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behavior,
thoughts, motives and emotions that characterizes a
individual.
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Historical Roots.
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The four humours
Choleric People catalyst thrives on
involvement with those around him service
to the mankind as a whole.
Melancholic hard charger executive who
believes in traditions, follows rules and has a
prescribed way of doing things.
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The four humours
Sanguine fast track - executive sees risk in
terms of challenge. Engages in special
projects. Good at pulling things and people
together.
Phlegmatic Power Broker- executive is
innovative and resourceful and good at
moving others.
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Phrenology
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Traits
A characteristic of an individual, describing ahabitual way of thinking or feeling.
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Psycho dynamic theory of Personality
Theories that explain behavior and personalityin terms of unconscious energy dynamics
within the individual.
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Jungian Theory
Collective Unconscious ; the universal memories, symbols, andexperiences of the human kind, represented in the archetypes or universal symbolic images that appear in myths, art, stories, and
dreams
Archetypes: Two important archetypes are maleness and femaleness,which Jung believed existed in both sexes.
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Evaluating Psycho dynamic theories
Violating the principle of falsifiability
Drawing universal principles from the experience of a fewatypical patients
Basing theories on retrospective account and the fallible
memories of the patients
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Projective tests
Based on the assumption that the test taker will transfer
(³project´) unconscious conflicts and motives onto an
ambiguous stimulus
Thematic Apperception Test
Rorschach Inkblot Test
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Thematic Apperception Test
Person is asked to tell a story
about the ³hero´ in the picture.
Based on Murray¶s
personality theoryPeople are distinguished by
the needs that motivate their behavior.
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The Rorschach Inkblot Test
Ambiguous stimuli
Person is asked to reportwhat he/she sees
No clear image, so thethings you see must be
³projected´ from insideyourself
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Openness / intellect / culture
Conscientiousness / dependability
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism / emotional stability
Big
Five
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Heredity and temperament
Temperaments
Physiological dispositions to respond to the environment incertain ways
Present in infancy, assumed to be innate
Relatively stable over time
Includes
Reactivity
Sociability
Positive and negative emotionalit
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Heredity and traits
Heritability
A statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in
some trait that is attributable to genetic differences amongindividuals within a group
Heritability of personality traits is about 50%
Within a group of people, about 50% of the variation associated
with a given trait is attributable to genetic differences among
individuals in the group.
Genetic predisposition is not genetic inevitability
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The inner experience
Humanist approaches
Carl Rogers
Narrative approaches
Evaluating humanist and narrative approaches
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Heredity and traits
Heritability
A statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in
some trait that is attributable to genetic differences amongindividuals within a group
Heritability of personality traits is about 50%
Within a group of people, about 50% of the variation associated
with a given trait is attributable to genetic differences among
individuals in the group.
Genetic predisposition is not genetic inevitability
8/8/2019 Personality - Students
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Projective tests
Based on the assumption that the test taker will transfer
(³project´) unconscious conflicts and motives onto an
ambiguous stimulus
Thematic Apperception Test
Rorschach Inkblot Test
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Projective tests
Based on the assumption that the test taker will transfer
(³project´) unconscious conflicts and motives onto an
ambiguous stimulus
Thematic Apperception Test
Rorschach Inkblot Test
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