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7/27/2019 Performance of food crops in Afghanistan H-Seminar-II
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Presented by
Ghulam Honaryar
I.D. No. PAK-8062
Major Advisor: Dr.G.S.Mahadevaiah
Seminar-II
on
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Introduction: Agriculture is central to the Afghan economy. This sector contributes to
31 % of GDP (industry 26% , services 43 %) and provides employment
for (80%) of the labour force ( 2008 est.)
Main food crops growing in Afghanistan are wheat, rice, maize, and
barley
Wheat is the staple food for most Afghans, comprising more
than 70 percent of their diet.
Lowquality rice is a poor, but sometimes necessary, substitute.
Suffering for food! Afghans bread (bakery) 3
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Land Use 1995-96 1999-2000 2008-09CGR (1995-
2008)
1: Permanent Pasture 30,000 30,000 30,000 0
2: All Other Land 25,770 25,770 25,613 0.08
3: Agricultural Area (a+b+c+d) 9,453 9,453 9,610 0.22
a. Forests And Woodland 1,700 1,700 1,700 0
b. Temporary land 5,108 5,075 4,570 2.21
c. Irrigated Crops area 1,969 1,999 2,191 1.35
d. Cultivated Rain fed area 833 837 1,149 9.51
Permanent Crops 100 100 116 3.61
Total Land area (1+2+3) 65,223 65,223 65,223 0
Table 1: Land use for different purpose in Afghanistan during 1995-2008(Area in 000 Ha)
Source: Central Statistic Office Yearbook 2008-09, Afghanistan4
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1: Permanent Pasture
40%
2: All Other Land
34%
3: Agricultural Area
(a+b+c+d)
13%
Forests And Woodland(a)
2% Temporary
land(b)
6%
Irrigated
Cropsarea(c)
3%
Cultivated Rain fed area(
d)2%
Permanent Crops
0%
Figure 1: Land use in Afghanistan (%), 2008-09
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Table 2: Cultivated land area for different food crops during 1995-2008
(Area 000 Ha)
Year 1995-96 2008-9 CGR(1995-2008)
Wheat 2000 2139 2.08
Rice, Paddy 170 190 1.83
Barley 225 236 4.43
Maize 320 137 1.61
Millet 27 12 9.08
Pulses 37 294 26.36
Cereals Total 2779 3008 2.76
Source: Central Statistic Office Yearbook 2008-09, Afghanistan6
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Table 3: Production of different food crops during 1995-96 to 2008-09
(Prodn. In MT)
Year 1995-96 2002-03 2008-09 CGR(1995-2008)
Wheat 2000 2686 2623 7.90
Rice, Paddy 390 388 410 1.89
Barley 200 345 333 4.68
Maize 530 298 280 1.12
Millet 22 20 n/a -5.19
Pulses 50 50 n/a -1.01
Cereals Total 3192 3787 3646 5.61
Source: Central Statistic Office Yearbook 2008-09, Afghanistan7
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Table 4: Yield of different food crops during 1995-96 to 2008-09
(Tonnes/Ha)Year 1995-96 2002-03 2005-06 2006 -07 2008-09 CGR
Wheat 1.03 0.72 1.82 1.38 1.23 2.27
Rice, Paddy 1.79 1.49 2.03 2.26 2.16 0.66
Barley 1.07 3.37 1.40 1.54 1.41 0.32
Maize 1.60 0.52 1.21 2.62 2.04 0.48
Millet 0.86 0.81 0.81 1.00 n/a 4.20
Pulses 1.07 1.35 1.30 n/a n/a 0.79
Cereals Total 1.15 1.66 1.73 1.49 1.21 3.06
Source: Central Statistic Office Yearbook 2008-09, Afghanistan
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Table 5: Area and Production of different Cereals in 2009Crop
Area
(000 ha)
Per cent
Yield
(tonnes/
ha)
Production
(000
tonnes)
Per cent
Irrigated wheat
(Winter & Spring)1134 (36%) 3.03 3433 (54 %)
Rainfed wheat
(Winter & Spring)
1426 (45 %) 1.18 1682 (27 %)
All wheat 2560 (81 %) 2 5115 (81 %)
Milled rice (paddy
yield)190 (6%) 3.39 432 (7%)
Maize 140 (4%) 2.14 300 (5%)Barley 270 (9%) 1.8 486 (8 %)
Overall 3160 (100%) 6333 (100%)
Source: Agriculture Prospect Report (APR) Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL), 20099
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Table 6: Changes in the 2009 wheat area, yield and production compared to 2008 (Area1000 Ha, Yield T/Ha, Prodn. 1000 Tonnes)
Crop2008 2009 % change in
Area Yield Prod Area Yield Prod Area Yield Prod
Irrigated
wheat 990 2.43 2,406 1,134 3.03 3,433 12.70 19.80 29.92
Rainfed
wheat1,149 0.19 217 1,426 1.18 1,682 19.42 83.90 87.10
All wheat 2,139 1.23 2,623 2,560 2 5,115 16.45 38.50 48.72
Source: Agriculture Prospect Report (APR) Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL), 2009
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Table 7: The 2009 Cereal Balance Sheet (000 tonnes)
CropRequirements Domestic
productionDeficit
Food Seed Feed Loss Total
Irrigated
wheat199 -- 515 3,433
Rainfed wheat 118 -- 253 1,682
All wheat 4,175 317 -- 768 5,260 5,115 -145
Milled rice 444 20 -- 30 494 432 -62
Maize 52 8 195 45 300 300 --
Barley 26 30 357 73 486 486 --
Total 4,697 375 552 916 6,540 6,333 -207
Source: Agriculture Prospect Report (APR) Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and
Livestock (MAIL), 2009
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Table 8: Agricultural commodity retail market prices in April 2009(Afs/Kg.), (1 Afs = 0.95 Rs)
Commodity Region
Last year
Same month
(Apr 08)
Previous
month
(Mar 09)
Reporting
month
(Apr 09)
% change on
Previous month
Previous year
same month
Wheat North 30.8 20.6 18.0 -12.6 -41.6
Wheat North-East 30.5 21.0 17.5 -16.7 -42.6
Wheat West 28.7 19.0 17.7 -7.0 -38.4
Wheat West-Central 23.5 28.0 26.5 -5.4 12.8
Wheat Central 29.7 22.5 18.7 -17.0 -37.1
Wheat South 30.5 21.5 20.0 -7.0 -34.4
Wheat East 32.0 22.5 19.5 -13.3 -39.1
Wheat South-West 29.4 25.0 22.7 -9.3 -22.9Wheat Overall 29.8 22.4 19.8 -11.7 -33.7
Agri. Labor Overall 191.8 (m.d) 190.8 196.8 3.1 2.6
Urea Overall 15.1 18.9 18.5 -2.3 22.1
DAP Overall 38.0 37.7 37.0 -1.7 -2.5
Source:Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL), 200912
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Table 9 :Rice paddy Barley and Maize Area, Yield, and Production Zones-vise
(2008-09)
Barley Rice Paddy Maize
ZonesArea (000
He)
Yield
(T/He)
Prod
(000 Mt)
Area(000
He)
Yield
(T/He)
Prod (000
Mt)
Area(000
He)
Yield
T/He)
Prod
(000 Mt)
NORTH 83.5 1.64 137.0 12.0 2.15 25.8 28.21 2.04 57.64
NORTH-EAST40.2 1.47 58.9 110.0 2.01 221.4 4.80 2.06 9.90
WEST-
CENTRAL9.0 1.22 11.0 0.9 5.50 5.0 0.65 2.00 1.30
SOUTH 33.7 1.36 45.9 7.5 2.65 19.9 29.00 2.04 59.30
EAST 1.4 1.74 2.5 35.0 2.27 79.3 23.70 2.04 48.39
SOUTH-WEST 38.1 0.97 37.1 2.5 2.22 5.6 28.60 2.04 58.40
Total 236.0 1.41 333.0 190.0 2.16 410.0 137 2.04 280
Source: Central Statistic Office Yearbook 2008-09, Afghanistan 13
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Irrigated Wheat Rainfed Wheat Total Wheat
REGION Area Yield Production Area YieldProduction
Area YieldProduction
('000 ha)
(t/ha)
('000 tons)
('000 ha)(t/ha)
('000 tons)
('000 ha)
(t/ha
)
('000
tons)
NORTH 226 2.62 591 705 1.15 812 931 1.51 1,403
NORTH-EAST 224 3.04 682 370 1.18 435 594 1.88 1,117WEST 152 3.34 508 240 1.25 300 392 2.06 808
WEST-CENTRAL 40 3.03 121 54 1.46 79 94 2.13 200
CENTRAL 122 2.96 361 19 1.21 23 141 2.72 384
SOUTH 109 3.26 355 12 0.92 11 121 3.02 366
EAST 87 3.06 266 11 0.73 8 98 2.80 274SOUTH-WEST 174 3.16 549 15 0.93 14 189 2.98 563
TOTAL 1,134 3.03 3,433 1,426 1.18 1,682 2,560 2.00 5,115
Source Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL), 2009
Table 10: Area and Production of Wheat in 2009 by province (mid-May 2009)
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REGION
Settledpopulation
in 2009
('000 no.)
Irrigatedwheat
area forecast
2010 harvest('000 ha.)
Rainfedwheat
area forecast
2010 harvest('000 ha.)
Production2009
('000 tons)
RequirementSurplus or
Deficit
('000)
tons)
Human
consumption('000 tons)
Seed
('000) tons)
Post harvest
Losses('000 tons)
NORTH 3,410.1 226 705 1,403 545.6 98.0 210.6 548.8
NORTH-EAST 3,465.6 224 370 1,117 554.4 69.9 167.7 325.0
WEST 2,583.3 152 240 808 413.4 46.5 121.3 226.8
WEST-
CENTRAL1,029.9 40 54 200 164.8 11.5 30.0 -6.3
CENTRAL 5,602.1 122 19 384 896.4 22.9 57.7 -593.0
SOUTH 2,524.5 109 12 366 403.9 20.0 55.0 -112.9
EAST 2,303.8 87 11 274 368.6 16.1 41.2 -151.9
SOUTH-WEST 3,074.2 174 15 563 491.9 31.7 84.6 -45.2
Total for
settled23,993.5 1134 1,426 5115 3,839.0 316.6 768.1 191.3
Nomads 1,700.0 0 0 0 272.0 -- -- -272.0Returnees 400.0 0 0 0 64.0 -- -- -64.0
Overall
consumers26,093.5 1134 1,426.0 5,115.0 4,175.0 316.6 768.1 -144.7
Sources: Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL), 2009
Table 11: Wheat Balance in 2009 Zones-wise
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Figure2: Wheat Balance in 2009 province-wise
surplus=>50000
surplus=50000
Deficit Up to
25000Deficit from 25
to 50000
Deficit=>50000
(tonnes)
Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL), 2009 16
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A study was conducted by Hector Maletta in April 2006.
The main data source is the Winter Survey carried out at the
beginning of 2003 by the Ministry of Agriculture of Afghanistan
supported by FAO (the United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization) and WFP (the UN World Food Programme).
The Winter Survey interviewed a sample of 4761 farmers in 514
rural communitiesacross the country, covering all agro-ecologicalzones and watersheds, and 31 of a total of 32 provinces.
Cereal self-sufficiency in Afghanistan farms
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Table 12: Households, population and reported cereal output by level of self-sufficiency, 2002
Particular % house-
holds
%
population
% cereal
output
Cum. %
house-
holds
Cum. %
population
Cum. %
cereal
output
BELOW SELF SUFFICIENCY 57.7% 60.2% 15.1%
No cereal output 12.2% 12.3% 0.0 12.2% 12.30% 0.00%
1 - 24 kg/capita 5.6% 6.4% .4% 17.8% 18.70% 0.40%
25-49 kg/capita 10.6% 11.6% 1.9% 28.4% 30.20% 2.40%
50-99 kg/capita 16.6% 17.3% 5.7% 45.% 47.50% 8.00%100-149 kg/capita 12.7% 12.7% 7.1% 57.7% 60.20% 15.10%
NEAR SELF-SUFFICIENCY 14.4% 13.9% 12.1%
150-199 kg/capita 8.1% 7.8% 6.% 65.8% 68.00% 21.10%
200-250 kg/capita 6.3% 6.1% 6.1% 72.1% 74.10% 27.20%
ABOVE SELF-SUFFICIENCY 27.9% 25.9% 72.8%250-499 kg/capita 16.1% 15.% 23.4% 88.2% 89.10% 50.60%
500-999 kg/capita 8.5% 7.7% 23.4% 96.7% 96.70% 74.00%
1000+ kg/capita 3.3% 3.3% 26.% 100.% 100.00% 100.00%
TOTAL 100.% 100.% 100.%
Source: MAIL, FAO,WFP (2003) 18
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Table1 3: Wheat purchases and food aid (% farms)
Since last harvest have you:
Purchased wheat?
Received food
aid?
Agro-ecological zone
Badakhshan mountains 39.4% 21.2%
Central mountains 66.8% 14.0%
Eastern mountains 89.6% 2.7%
Southern mountains 80.4% 0.3%
Northern mountains 56.1% 18.3%
Turkistan plains 52.7% 21.7%Herat-Farah lowlands 77.1% 28.4%
Helmand River valley 74.6% 0.4%
TOTAL 69.10% 13.70%Source: MAIL, FAO,WFP (2003)
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Table 14. Comparison of cereal balance status 2002 and 2003
Reported balance
2002Total
Expected balance 2003
Deficit
householdsAbout self
sufficient
Surplus
households
Deficit households 612,589 447,017 79,562 86,010
About self-sufficient 152,641 25,724 60,077 66,840
Surplus households 297,346 16,442 20,800 260,104
Total 1,062,576 489,183 160,439 412,954
Source: MAIL, FAO,WFP (2003)
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Table 15: Months of wheat self-sufficiency of farm households, after the reported 2002 harvest
Percent of households within each zone or region
Average
monthsMonths of wheat self-sufficiency for farmers
Total None 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 to 9 10 to 12
Agro-ecological zone
Badakhshan mountains 100.00% 2.10% 11.40% 10.90% 8.80% 66.80% 9.4
Central mountains 100.00% 18.40% 20.90% 20.90% 12.60% 27.30% 5.6
Eastern mountains 100.00% 21.00% 40.50% 20.10% 7.70% 10.70% 3.6
Southern mountains 100.00% 22.80% 29.80% 24.90% 11.10% 11.30% 4
Northern mountains 100.00% 13.30% 14.60% 14.20% 11.40% 46.40% 7.4
Turkistan plains 100.00% 6.00% 18.20% 15.30% 11.30% 49.20% 7.9
Herat-Farah lowlands 100.00% 17.80% 31.50% 18.10% 10.30% 22.30% 5Helmand River valley 100.00% 11.00% 26.40% 20.60% 10.30% 31.70% 6.1
TOTAL 100.00% 15.60% 24.60% 18.10% 10.60% 31.00% 5.9
Source: MAIL, FAO,WFP (2003)
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Table 16: Percent geographical distribution of farm households
with various degrees of wheat self-sufficiency after the reported 2002 harvest
Percent distribution across zones or regions
Total
households
Months of wheat self-sufficiency for farmers
None 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 to 9 10 to 12
Agro-ecological zone
Badakhshan
mountains3.30% 0.40% 1.50% 2.00% 2.80% 7.20%
Central mountains 15.70% 18.50% 13.30% 18.00% 18.60% 13.80%
Eastern mountains 16.60% 22.40% 27.30% 18.40% 12.10% 5.70%
Southern mountains 7.50% 10.90% 9.00% 10.20% 7.80% 2.70%
Northern mountains 26.40% 22.50% 15.60% 20.70% 28.50% 39.60%
Turkistan plains 7.00% 2.70% 5.20% 5.90% 7.50% 11.10%
Herat-Farah lowlands 13.80% 15.70% 17.60% 13.70% 13.40% 9.90%
Helmand River valley 9.70% 6.80% 10.40% 11.00% 9.40% 9.90%
TOTAL 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Source: MAIL, FAO,WFP (2003)22
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Analysis of Impact of Wheat Prices on Food Accessibility:
The figure shows the increase in the price of wheat
flour in main Afghan centres during the past year.
The greatest change occurred in Faizabad, with a
76% increase, while the smallest was recorded in
Jalalabad and Hirat, with a 50% increase
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Figure3: compare of wheat flour price 06 v s 07
Source: Afghanistan Market Price Bulletin
(March 2009)
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The main reasons for the increases appear to be:
The nearly doubling of international wheat prices over the past year, largely driven byunprecedented growth in demand in some Asian countries, notably China and India; increasing useof cereals for bio-fuels; and a poor wheat harvest in Australia;
Manipulation of wheat availability and prices by Pakistani traders;
less wheat flour imports from Pakistan owing to restrictions on exports imposed by Pakistanauthorities;
Higher transportation costs globally due to the considerable increase in fuel prices;
Higher transport and distribution costs in Afghanistan caused by growing insecurity and theresulting threat to commercial vehicles
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Terms of Trade for Afghan Wage EarnersFigure 4: casual labour/wheat Dec 2006 v s Dec 2007
Source: Afghanistan Market Price Bulletin
(March 2009)
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[Household Food Expenditure:
Based on the share of income spent on food, the NRVA ( National Risk andVulnerability Assessment), 2005 indicated that 36 percent of Afghan households havepoor food access, 26 percent have average access and 38 percent have good access
27
Table 17: Household Food Expenditure province-wise in 2005
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Table 17: Household Food Expenditure province-wise in 2005Province
% of Household
Expenditure
on food
Province
% of Household
expenditure on food
BADAKHSHAN 62 KUNAR 42BADGHIS 57 KUNDUZ 50
BAGHLAN 68 LAGHMAN 58
BALKH 61 LOGAR 47
BAMYAN 54 NANGAHAR 51
DAIKUNDI 57 NIMROZ 58
FARAH 53 NURISTAN 37
FARYAB 50 PAKTIKA 57
GHAZNI 59 PAKTYA 53
GHOR 58 PANJSHIR 75
HILMAND 44 PARWAN 65
HIRAT 58 SAMANGAN 54
JAWZJAN 62 SAR-I-PUL 57
KABUL 64 TAKHAR 58
KANDAHAR 51 URUZGAN 40
KAPISA 49 WARDAK 44
KHOST 43 ZABUL 61
Average 56Source: WFP, WHO and UNICEF Report, 2008
28
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Food Consumption Classification
Based on 2005 NRVA data, which took into consideration daily kilocalorieconsumption and dietary diversity, Afghan households were classifiedinto the following three categories:
Very poor food consumption: 24% of the households are characterizedby very poor food consumption, meaning households consume onlycereals and oil on a daily basis;
Borderline food consumption: 37% are characterized by borderline food
consumption, meaning households mainly consume just two other foodgroups in addition to cereals and oil; and
Better food consumption: 39 % have better food consumption
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Group Household Food Security Level
Percentage of
households
in each group
Food Insecure
Poor Food Consumption & Poor Food
Access19
Poor Food Consumption & Borderline Food
Access9
Border lineBorderline Food Consumption & Borderline
Food Access33
Food Secure
Borderline Food Consumption & Better
Food Access24
Better Food Consumption & Better Food
Access14
Figure5: food security profile in Afghanistan by 2005
Source: WFP, WHO and UNICEF Report, 2008 30
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To identify the additional food insecure population the following four indicators
were used:Food consumption
Food Expenditure
Source of foodChange in market price over the past 12 months.
Based on the above indicators all Afghan districts were classified as following:
Very high risk
Districts with more than 50% of the population classified as having low dietary
diversity/very poor food consumption
Districts where households spend more than 60% of their income on food
Districts where more than 60% of household food is purchased in markets
Districts where there has been an increase in food prices (wheat flour) of more
than 50%.
High risk
Districts with 25-50% of the population classified as having low dietary
diversity/very poor food consumption
Districts where households spend 50-60% of their income on food
Districts where 50-60% of household food is purchased in markets
Districts where there has been an increase in food prices (wheat flour) of 25-
50%. 31
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Medium risk
Districts with 10-25% of the population classified as having low dietary diversity/very
poor food consumption
Districts where households spend 40-50% of their income on food
Districts where 30-50% of household food is purchased in markets
Districts where there has been an increase in food prices (wheat flour) of 10-25%.
Low risk
Districts with less than 10% of the population classified as having low dietarydiversity/very poor food consumption
Districts where households spend less than 40% of their income on food
Districts where the source of food is mainly from own production (ie less than 10% of
food consumed is purchased in markets)
Districts where there has been an increase in food prices (wheat flour) of less than
10%.
32
Table 18: Food security classification by province
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Table 18: Food security classification by provinceProvince
% of Poor Food Consumption
&
Poor Food Access
% of Poor Food Consumption
&
Borderline Food Access
% of Borderline Food
Consumption
&
Borderline Food Access
% of Borderline Food
Consumption
&
Better Food Access
% of Better Food Consumption
&
Better Food Access
BADAKHSHAN 28.9 12.8 31.8 18.9 7.6
BADGHIS 14.6 20.4 22.6 26.3 16.1
BAGHLAN 22.9 10.9 37.7 15.7 12.7
BALKH 23.5 7.4 34.3 22.6 12.2
BAMYAN 14.7 25.4 42.8 14 3.1
DAIKUNDI 16.2 39.6 38.6 3.9 1.7
FARAH 13.8 5.2 30.3 26.4 24.4
FARYAB 16.4 2.4 28.2 35.3 17.7
GHAZNI 30.1 16.1 28.1 19.2 6.6
GHOR 31.1 23.3 31.7 11.4 2.5
HILMAND 12.9 6.1 32.2 28.1 20.7
HIRAT 17.7 8.5 41 22 10.7JAWZJAN 17.7 8.7 29.7 26.8 17.1
KABUL 28.2 8 34.2 21.1 8.5
KANDAHAR 18.8 8.4 31.4 28.3 13.1
KAPISA 4.6 1.7 24.5 36.5 32.7
KHOST 8.3 1.1 23 24.7 42.9
KUNARHA 7 0.9 19.1 29.6 43.4
KUNDUZ 8.6 2.6 31.7 28.9 28.1
LAGHMAN 26.4 16.7 31.6 20.2 5.1
LOGAR 12.1 1.3 28.2 33.5 24.9
NANGARHAR 14.5 2.9 34 28.5 20NIMROZ 28 19.9 30.5 18.7 3
NURISTAN 14.2 4.8 47.6 31.8 1.5
PAKTIKA 26.7 5.5 36.9 21.6 9.4
PAKTYA 19.6 4.1 38 31.4 6.8
PANJSHIR 16.3 14.9 51.8 11 5.9
PARWAN 6.6 4.8 52.1 18.1 18.4
SAMANGAN 9.6 8.4 32.6 19.3 30.1
SAR-I-PUL 22.2 4.4 29.6 25.8 18
TAKHAR 24.3 9.5 29.3 23.3 13.6
URUZGAN 14.2 13.1 34.5 27.8 10.4WARDAK 12.3 4.2 30.6 36.4 16.4
ZABUL 26.1 26.3 22.3 24.2 1.1
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Current food security conditions:In terms of food availability and access, the 2009/2010 hunger season looks
optimistic in compared to the past nine years.
Food availability is comparatively higher in 2009/2010 due to last years
historically large harvest and generous food aid distribution. In addition, wheat
prices continue to decrease against the fiveyear average and 2008s abnormally
high wheat prices.
Despite last years favorable conditions, the 2010 food security outlook does not
look as optimistic because of poor climatic seasonal progress
The prevalence of high temperatures in lowlands and low accumulation of snow
during December and January raises concerns for the upcoming agriculturalseason.
34
Figure 6: Food security condition by province, 2010
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g y y p ,
Source :AFGHANISTAN Food Security Update , USAID, 201035
BADGHIS
FARAH
BADAKHSHAN
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Markets and trade of wheat and flour
In comparison to this time last year, the January 2010 wheat market prices are
lower by an average of 42 percent in all seven reference markets.In comparison to the fiveyear average, the January 2010 wheat market prices are
lower by an average of 15 percent in all reference market
The unseasonal reduction in January wheat prices likely reflects good marketaccessibility this year because of low snowpack.
Typically this time of year, market access diminishes because of heavy snowfall and
poor infrastructure.
Other reasons such as adequate food supply in the market might also contribute to
the lower prices.
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Figure 7: Flour and Wheat Supplies in Afghanistan, Estimated Yearly Volumes,
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g pp g y
(in MT), 2004
sours: Rubera Justin and others Market
Sector Assessments SME Development,Altai consulting , 2005
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Source: Afghanistan Market Price Bulletin (March 2009)
Figure 8 : wheat nominal retail prices in Kabul
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Figure 9: wheat nominal retail in Mazar province
Source: Afghanistan Market Price Bulletin
(March 2009)
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Conclusions and policy implication:
Food crops are an import crops specially wheat, rice, and barley so there is a need toimprove the production and productivity to meet the domestic requirements
However, Afghanistan is not self-sufficient in wheat and it imports a significant quantity offlour and wheat-based products.
To become self sufficient in food production, cereal production must improve, especiallyfor wheat, which requires high-cost irrigation systems and technological support.
Wheat is the most important crop, followed by barley, corn, and rice. Cotton is anotherimportant and widely cultivated crop.
In comparison to hunger seasons for the past nine years, the 2009/2010 hunger seasonlooks optimistic in terms of food availability and food access.
Food availability is comparatively higher in 2009/2010 due to the 2009 historical largeharvest and generous food aid distribution over the course of 2009.
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