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People, Activity, Context, Technologies
Ebba Thora Hvannberg
Objective
• To be able to analyse situations with respect to People, Activities, Technologies and Context (PACT) to scope design projects.
PACT examples
• People use technologies to undertake activities in contexts. – For example, teenagers use mobile (cell) phones to
send text messages to their friends whilst sitting on a bus.
– Secretaries use Microsoft Word to write documents in a firm of solicitors.
– Air traffic controllers work together to ensure the smooth operation of an airport.
– A woman in her seventies presses various buttons to set the intruder alarms in her house.
– People use MySpace to contact with other people when sitting in an Internet café.
Activites and technologies
Activities in context Technologies
Requirements
Opportunities
People
People
• Physical differences such as height, weight, disabilities, visual and hearing impairment.
• In Europe there are 2.8 million wheelchair users so designers must consider where technologies are placed, and many people have dexterity impairments involving the use of their fingers.
– What if Apple designedATMs?
Psychological differences
• Memory• Spacial intelligence• Communication• Languages• Attention
Mental models
Activities • First, you need to decide on the goal of the
activity • Temporal aspects (1-4)– How regular or seldom an activity is– Peaks, time pressure – Continous work – Response time
• Collaboration (5)• Complexity(6)
Triaging of casualities
Activities
• Safety dependent (7 og 8)– Can work lead to injuiry or death?– What consequences do errors and mistakes have?
• Nature of content (9 og 10) – What type of data are processed?– What steps are executed?
Context
• Physical context– Inside / outside – Wide/narrow, clean/dirty– How is the whether?
• Social context– Who is there to help? – Alone or in public
Different work environment
At a window
In a closed room
Organizational context
• Context of an organization – Hierarchy of power– Division of work – Different paths of communication and
management
A technological environment
• Ways and media which help us to finish an activity
• Which content do you work with
• Technology development is fast and hence it is important to be able to distinguish technology from other factors such as actvities, context and people.
People Activities Context Technologies
• In design you need to take into consideration all these factors (PACT)
• Who uses, what is he or she doing, in which context and what technology does he/she have?
Challenge
• Write down a quick PACT analysis for a point of sale system for a café at a motorway service station.
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