penyengaraan jalan

HIGHWAY MAINTENANACE

MEMBERS OF GROUP1. MUHAMAD HISAMUDDIN2. AMINUDDIN3. MUHD SHAHIR4. MUHD RUZAINI5. MUHD AZLAN6. ARIFF’ FARHAN7. MOHD AKMAL THE8. MOHD AKMAL ROZAINO9. AFIF10.MUHD SURIADI

Technique for highway maintenance

1.Water cut2.Roadside drain3.Piped drainage system4.Sealing the pavement5.Repair on road surface

defect

Categorize type of hoghway maintenance in malaysia

1.Emergency maintenance2.Present/routine maintenance3.Periodic maintenance

Emergency maintenanceInvolved the damage that cannot predict, out

of control, and harms to the consumer.Need urgent maintenance that cannot be

postpone.Example of incident is

1.Erosion2.Flood3.Carcass4.Traffic light damage

PRESENT OR ROUTINE MAINTANANCE

maintenance work that has been set to be implemented throughout the specified period.

Involves elements of financial planning & allocation term.

work as street cleaning and drainage, grass cutting, landscape preservation

Enforcement street term contract appoint or employ a group of employees to perform the work.

PERIODIC MAINTENANCEMaintenance work carried out on a regular

basis or periodically.Involves the monitoring, measurement and

evaluation components of the road.Includes periodic repair work such as

repainting furniture, pavement of streets, cutting and pasting cut-cracked surface.

DETERMINE THE DUTIES CARRIED

OUT BY THE ROAD MAITANANCE

MANAGEMENT

INVENTORY PREPARATIONIs a record,checking list, material under an

organization that should be in control , that ar in good conditoin.

In road inventory, all road compenent must be record with planning table and maintanance = good condition

Road information such as a road name, road wide, road distance, are include in inventory information.

DAMAGED INSPECTIONRefer to inventory.

Inspetion and evaluation of the quality of road , undertaken by officers and technicians who was appointed.

Inspection done as schedule and periodic.

DETERMINATION OF THE NEED OF MAINTENANCE

Based on damage check up report and suggestion on maintenance needs will be set up depends on type and levels of damages.

Depends on how many damages occurred.The factors based on:1. Cost2. Time3. Type of need.4. Type of damages5. Long term planning

COST ESTIMATION AND SOURCES TO EXECUTE WORKS

Maintenance works involves cost and sources :

1. raw materials.2. labour works.3. tools and machinery.

Estimation cost and sources in preliminary stages is to make sure that the maintenance works goes smoothly and effectively.

Identify priorityPriority is given to suggestion of maintenance

work to cost and effective sourcesImportance of priority is first to achieve

current objective and with determine the long term planning.

Determine the financial of budget that we have.

Preparation of work scheduleAfter the budget is approved, planning of

implementation will built up.If other authorities involved, tender

management and contract will implement.The authorities will implement the work

followed with work schedule that have prepared.

MONITORINGImplemented works that follow the planning.Monitor work quality.Quality test and specifications.To ensure the works is satisfies and suitable

according to the specifications.

DETERMINE MAINTENANCE

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

RETIFICATIONCrack Sealing

Close the crack at the pavement & protect the road base from water.

Do by cleaning & and fill the crack with the slurry mixture.

Patching Replace the broken bitumen surface with the

mix bitumen.Use the hot mix asphalt & cold mix asphalt.

Thin bituminous overlayImprove the driving quality & improve the

pavement.Period maintanence is to strengthen the road

pavement. Thin Hot Mix

1 thick layer less than 40 mm to repair the surface.

SURFACE MAKE-UP

Paint line of the roadMaintenance traffic lightMaintenance of the roadRepair broken singboard

RESURFACING•This is done due to the high traffic flow (approximately 1000 pcu/hr of traffic per day).•Roads under A2 class must be resurfaced from time to time. •important criteria should be considered , namely:- Proper drainage system. Culvert line is not clog. Side drain must be cleaned with sufficient design gradient. Stabilize road shoulder with its sufficient design gradient. Precaution signage and safety divider must be provided. All kind of machineries such as Road Premix Vehicle, steam roller vehicle, a tanker and bitumen emulsion binder must be at the wok site. Premix substances at plant provider must be ready and all means of transportation to transport workers are also necessary.

Types of Recycling i. Recycling hot (hot

recycling)  - Repair cracked surface (defective parts only).  - The site is still strong & damage path only occurs at the surface layer only. - The heat is used to soften the surface. New material is mixed with recycled materials.

ii. Recycling of cold (cold recycling)  - Cut @ grind (mill) dead-crack & reuse of materials as a surface layer by add a stabilizing agent, (rejuvenator) @ bitumen.

iii. Recycling site (base recycling)  - Site damaged roads.  - Reuse existing surface layer as the site of the road, plus the stabilizers.  - Addition of pavement thickness & provide additional structural strength to the pavement path fails due to site roads / subgrade plastic circumstances. The main cause:- Sub-surface drainage is not enough.- Removal & reconstruction (including subgrade) @ part pavement materials & new construction specifications.

- Common methods:i. Cold mix recycling with the overlay.ii. Recycled hot mix overlayiii. Subsurface drainage improvements.

ReconstructionRemoval and rebuilding of all or part of pavement using new material and construction specificationReconstruction can be categorized into two:

Full reconstruction – is needed when all pavement layers including subgrade have deteriorated beyond repair.

Partial reconstruction – is needed when pavement layer (except subgrade) have lost their stability and strength.

- If the failure of the road base is too expensive, recycling of the surfacing and part of the road base usually carried out.- In some cases, the failure may be due to insufficient subsurface drainage. If this is the case additional or reconstruction of subsurface drains may be required.

RIGID PAVEMENTJointed reinforced concrete pavement uses contraction

joints and reinforcing steel to control cracking.

Temperature and moisture stresses are expected to cause cracking between joints, hence reinforcing steel.

In general, adequate PCC pavement can and has been constructed using RCM as a coarse aggregate. Purpose Coarse aggregate in PCC, aggregate in HMA Materials RCM crushed to a predetermined size Mix Design Standard PCC mix design

There should not be any soft patches on the prepared sub grade.

Should be properly drained.Sub grade should present the uniform

support to the concrete slab.

Preparation of sub grade.One layer of flat brick soling below one layer

of Water Bound Macadam (WBM).2 layer of WBM may consist of stone, hard

rock brick agg, or any other granular material.Well graded soil gravel mix.Soil stabalized with 3-4% lime. Lime concrete or lean concrete giving 28

days compressive strngth.Existing macadam sub baseExisting black top surface sub base.

Fixing of formForm may be made from mild steel channel section or wooden plants.

Batching of material and mixingCement is measure in number of bags.11 cement stored is used, its weight is taken as 1440 kg/m³

Caryying and placing of concrete.Prepared premix is carried immediately to

the place of actual use by filling into wheel barrow, hand cart or basket.

Floating and edging.After compaction, with vibrating screed or

temper, the concrete is further compacted and smoothened by mean of longitudinal float.

Belting and EdgingThe surface should be belted with the help of a two-ply canvas belt which is usually 20cm wide and at least 1mlonger than the width of the slab.

Compaction and FinishingThe concrete is compacted either with the help of power-driven finishing machine or by vibrating screed.

Curing Covering operation with wet burlap is known as initial curing.Final curing can also be done by applying an impervious membrane which does not impart slipperiness to the pavement.