View
23
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Pasture Weed Control Ralph E. Whitesides Utah State University Plants, Soils, and Climate. Is it possible to fight weeds effectively on small acreages in Utah?. What is a weed?. Any plant growing where you don’t want it. Are weeds bad? What function do weeds play in the environment? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Pasture Weed Control
Ralph E. Whitesides
Utah State University
Plants, Soils, and Climate
Is it possible to fight weeds effectively on small acreages in Utah?
What is a weed?
Any plant growing where you don’t want it.
Are weeds bad?
What function do weeds play in the environment?
What are weeds telling us?
Why Worry About Weeds?
They are just plants. Right? Its not like you have a rampaging grizzly
in your garden. Right?
No!
Once weeds move in they stay. They multiply. Soon the unwanted and uninvited
guests have taken your land and won’t give it back without a fight!
What is the first step?
Take inventory of property If you try to control weeds without a
game plan there is a good chance you won’t succeed.
4 Golden Guidelines of Weed Control for Small Acreage
Properties
1. Know what you want to do with your property. (Why did you buy it in the first place?)
2. Promote healthy vegetation.
3. Implement good land use practices.
4. No one weed control method works alone.
Controlling weeds in your pasture
• Prevention
• Detection
• Control• Cultural
• Mechanical
• Biological
• Chemical
• Restoration
Weeds are best controlled through an integrated approach using several of the following methods
Two Working rules for controlling weeds in your pasture
“Prevention”
1. Prevent weeds in the first place
2. If you cannot do #1 everything else will be more work, more time, and more money. More of everything!
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How practical is Rule #1?
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How practical is Rule #1?
Where do weeds come from?
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How practical is Rule #1?Where do weeds come from? (prevention)
1. Seed Bank in the soil
2. Irrigation Water
3. Off-site Feed – Hay
4. Bedding materials
5. Wind borne – animal borne (field bindweed seeds can survive 144 hrs in stomach of migrating birds)
6. Seed Mixtures
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How do we implement Rule #2? (control)
1. Management
2. Knowledge
3. Judgment
4. Experience
5. Work – Time – Money
6. More Work – Time – Money
7. Constant Work – Time – Money
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How do we implement Rule #2? (control)
What caused us to get weeds in the first place?
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How do we implement Rule #2? (control)
What caused us to get weeds in the first place?
The answer to that question will aid us in our work to control weeds.
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How do we implement Rule #2? (control)What caused us to get weeds in the first place?
The answer to that question will aid us in our work to control weeds.
Grazing Issues – Overgrazing, timing, wrong animals
Soil Issues – Fertility, salt, texture, etc
Water Issues – irrigation and natural precipitation, too much or too little
Seed mixture- not suited to environment
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How do we implement Rule #2? (control)
Cause: Improper grazing – treating the pasture as a corral instead of as a pasture.
Controlling weeds in your pasture
How do we implement Rule #2? (control)
What is a Corral? What is a Pasture?
Controlling weeds in your pastureWe may want something like this?
Controlling weeds in your pastureThese may be more realistic.
Controlling weeds in your Pastures
“Detection”What am I trying to control? Identify the weed.
Grass – Broadleaf
Annual – Perennial
Edible – Poisonous
Spreading – Non-spreading
HOW DID IT GET TO BE A WEED?
Controlling weeds in your pastures
Whatever caused the weed to become a problem or concern in the first place must be addressed to help you in controlling it.
Each potential solution is as individual as is the problem and the person wanting to solve it.
Controlling weeds in your pastures
“Control”
General Guidelines:
• Proper irrigation and soil fertility
• Mowing to prevent from going to seed
• Spot spraying as soon as weeds are detected
• Monitoring the Pasture (high eyes to acre ratio)
Range and Range and Pasture Weed Pasture Weed ManagementManagement
Approved Herbicides 2,4-D / MCPA
Amber
Cimarron / Escort
Cimarron Max
Clarity / Banvel
Crossbow
Curtail
Garlon / Remedy
Grazon P+D
Journey
Milestone
Plateau
Redeem R&P
Roundup
Spike
Transline / Reclaim
Telar
Tordon
Transline
Weedmaster
Approved Herbicides 2,4-D / MCPA
Amber
CimarronCimarron / Escort
Cimarron MaxCimarron Max
Clarity / Banvel
Crossbow
Curtail
Garlon / Remedy
Grazon P+D
Journey
MilestoneMilestone
Plateau
Redeem R&P
Roundup
Spike
Transline / Reclaim
TelarTelar
Tordon
Transline
Weedmaster
Dyer’s WoadIsatis tinctoria
Perennial PepperweedLepidium latifolium
Hoary CressCardaria draba
Cimarron Metsulfuron (Escort renamed) Hoary cress, dyer’s woad, perennial
pepperweed, thistles, houndstongue Must add surfactant or COC No grazing restrictions Tall fescue and perennial ryegrasses are
sensitive (damage)
Cimarron Max Metsulfuron + dicamba + 2,4-D Ratio: 5 oz Part A + 2.5 gal Part B Greater weed spectrum controlled Must add surfactant or COC Dicamba’s grazing restrictions Tall fescue and perennial ryegrasses are
sensitive (damage)
Telar
Chlorsulfuron Hoary cress, dyer’s woad, perennial
pepperweed, thistles, houndstongue Must add surfactant or COC No grazing restrictions Tall fescue and perennial ryegrasses are
sensitive (damage)
Russian Knapweed Centaurea repens
Spotted KnapweedCentaurea maculosa
Yellow StarthistleCentaurea solstitialis
Milestone
Aminopyralid Knapweeds and thistles Weak on mustards Closely related to Tordon Not “Restricted-Use” Wildland and recreation sites
MedusaheadTaeniatherum caput-medusae
Plateau Imazapic Winter annual grasses
Downy Brome Medusahead
Rangeland improvement Safe on most established
perennial grasses
Some poisonous weeds of pasture
HoundstongueCynoglossum officinale
Houndstongue
Foothills, pastures, roadsides
Horses, cattle, sheep
Fresh (unpalatable) or in hay
Cummulative, may taint milk
Houndstongue(Symptoms)
Dullness, wandering
Increased pulse and respiration
Weakness, nervousness
Constipation or diarrhea
Death by liver hemorrhage
Houndstongue(Management)
Avoid contaminated hay
Digging / pulling
Escort (Cimmaron), Ally, Tordon,
Clarity (Banvel), 2,4-D
Poison HemlockConium maculatum
Poison Hemlock
Wet areas, disturbed sites
Sheep, cattle, horses, humans
Coniine and other alkaloids
4 to 8 oz sheep, 10 to 16 oz cow
Poison Hemlock(Symptoms)
Salivation, nervous trembling
Bloating, lack coordination
Pupil dilation, rapid pulse
Blue mouth lining
Respiratory paralysis, coma
Poison Hemlock(Symptoms - cont.)
Abortion Crooked calf disease
(same timing and effect as lupine)
Death in 2 to 3 hours Confused with wild edibles, has
caused death of children
Poison Hemlock(Management)
Animals normally avoid (fresh)
Do not cut in hay
2,4-D, Ally, Escort (Cimmaron), digging
Weed Control in Pastures
“Restoration”
Summary Thoughts-
• Fertilizer- 150 lbs/a split in 3 treatments (50+ 50+ 50 in April- July- September)
• Irrigation- improve distribution and training
• Spot treat weeds- use a backpack or hand held sprayer, and treat problem areas (especially fence lines on a regular basis)
Controlling weeds in your pastures
Questions?
Recommended