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Passive Building in the US
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Katrin Klingenberg, Executive Director
katrin@passivehouse.us
Outline and Objectives:
• Passive building metrics and principles
• Cost optimized passive building standards for varying climates
• Multifamily and policy examples
• Summary
© 2014 PHIUS 2
PASSIVE BUILDING METRICS AND PRINCIPLES
3© 2014 PHIUS
Standard ContextU.S. Buildings Contribution
U.S. building energy use accounts for 41% of total U.S. energy use.
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1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090
energy-efficiency
new
geo-/ozean. power
solar
windpower
waterpower
new biomass
trad. Biomass
nuclear
gas
oil
coal
Reference: Shell-Study (till 2005), Scenario with high efficiency and regenerative usage of energy
Worldwide Energy Demand Resources and Consumption
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Factor 10 Reduction Passive Energy Standards:
“Energy/sf” Measurement for Buildings
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Passive Principles and Metrics: Sweet SpotBetween Conservation and Generation
Passive Energy Balancing as Basis for Zero/Positive
Energy
•Efficient Heating and Cooling devicesminimize fossil fuel and electric energy consumption
• Efficient Hot Water Generation optimizes
primary energy and carbon emissions
Solar and Wind Energy offset remaining
energy consumption and carbon emissions
• Continuous Insulated Envelope, airtight
compact building shape, thermal-bridge-free
• High Performance windows & doors, optimal
solar orientation, shading and modest window areas
•Constant Fresh Air Supply balanced mechanical
ventilation system w/ heat/ moisture recovery
•Managing Internal Loads efficient appliances,
lighting and plumbing
7© 2014 PHIUS
WU
FI Passive An
alysisLisa W
hite @
PH
IUS
© 2014 PHIUS
Energy Modeling and Design Tools
COST OPTIMIZED PASSIVE BUILDING STANDARDS FOR VARYING CLIMATES
9© 2014 PHIUS
PHIUS+ Passive Building /DOE Zero Energy Ready Home Certifications
PHIUS+ Certifications (third party onsite QAQC is required):
• New Construction Residential• New Construction Commercial• Retrofit
(Formerly known as Challenge Home)
10© 2014 PHIUS
Passive House/Building Evolution in North America over past 11 years
129 PHIUS+ Certifications by September 2014:• 108 residential projects• 10 multifamily/office buildings• 11 retrofits
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Conceptual plot of the “path to Zero Net Energy”[NREL/CP-550-37733]
Financial parameters strictly conventional, e.g. 30-year analysis period.
Energy prices vary state-by-state.
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NREL Cost-Effectiveness of Energy Improvements Concept
© 2014 PHIUS
New Climate Specific Passive Standards PHIUS / BSC / Building America
© 2014 PHIUS
MULTIFAMILY & POLICY EXAMPLES
14© 2014 PHIUS
Uptown Lofts Action Housing Pittsburgh PA (Architects: FortyEighty Architecture)
Photos: Jesse Thompson
© 2014 PHIUS
Kiln Apartments in Portland OR – 2013 (CPHC David Posada)
© 2014 PHIUS
Knickerbocker Project in Brooklyn NY–2013 (Architect Chris Benedict)
Photos: Chris Benedict
© 2014 PHIUS
Passive Building Standard will be Code in Belgium starting 2015: A2M Projects
© 2014 PHIUS
• Of the various measures that can drive building performance towards net zero, passive measures are the most preferable
• Passive principles apply everywhere and to all building types – residential, multifamily and commercial
• They result in durable construction, increased comfort, health, and resiliency (climate, owning & maintaining)
• Climate specific standards for varying North American climates (calibrated according to construction costs and energy prices) make passive standards economically feasible everywhere and the most cost effective way to reach net zero
Summary
© 2014 PHIUS
Thank You
katrin@passivehouse.us
www.phius.org
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