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PART III
Birth Defects Disease Trauma Aging
Patient description
Amount of pain?
Type of pain?
Location?
During which activities?
When did the pain start?
Radiograph
MRI
CT
CT
Bone Scan
Discogram
FAD
Functional Anesthetic Discography
Fusion Replacement
Whole disc
Nucleus
Problems
Materials▪ Properties
▪ Fatigue
Migration
Surgical Procedure
Bonegraft
Artificial
Materials
Stabilizing Implants
Stabilizing Implants
TYPES: TOP LOADING SIDE LOADING MONO-AXIAL POLY-AXIAL LONG-ARM DOUBLE-THREAD TAPERED REVERSE ANGLE
STABLIZED
Does not fuse Pedicle screw loosening Pedicle screw breaks Rod bends Rod breaks Pedicle breaks Vertebral body breaks
Advantages
Lower cost Height restoration
Reduction of adjacent fractures
Safe cement fill
Disadvantages
Uncontained cement fill
No height restorationHigher cost
Must be a new fracture
Thanks…
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