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PARALLEL EFFECTS OF LAND-USE HISTORY ON PARALLEL EFFECTS OF LAND-USE HISTORY ON SPECIES DIVERSITY AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SPECIES DIVERSITY AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF FOREST HERBSFOREST HERBS
Colin McInnesColin McInnes
Ecology, 2004Mark Vellend
Species andSpecies and Genetic DiversityGenetic Diversity
What is Species Diversity?What is Species Diversity?
What is What is Genetic Diversity?Genetic Diversity?
What is What is the the Difference?Difference?
What is What is Divergence?Divergence?
What Forces Could be Acting?What Forces Could be Acting?
Local Characteristic
MigrationDriftSelectionMutation
MigrationDriftSelectionMutation
Species
Diversity
Genetic Diversity
MigrationMigration
DriftDrift
SelectionSelection
MutationMutation
Primary vs. Secondary StandsPrimary vs. Secondary Stands
BottlenecksBottlenecks
Founder EffectsFounder Effects
QuestionsQuestions
1. Is Spp’s and Genetic 1. Is Spp’s and Genetic diversitydiversity higher in primary higher in primary standsstands
2. Is Spp’s and Genetic 2. Is Spp’s and Genetic divergencedivergence higher in primary higher in primary standsstands
……Predictions?Predictions?
Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods Spring & Summer (2000 - 2003)Spring & Summer (2000 - 2003) 27 Stands27 Stands ObservationalObservational Genetic AnalysisGenetic Analysis
AllozymesAllozymes Chloroplast DNAChloroplast DNA MicrosatellitesMicrosatellites
Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods
Fst:measure of difference between population
Population 1
Population 2
Population 3
AA AA AA AA AB AAAB AA AA
BB AB BB BB BB BBAB BB BB
AA AA BB AA AA AAAB AA AA
ResultsResults
• A. Presence-absence Divergence•1 > 2•Selection on Types
•B. Frequency based Divergence (species)
•2 > 1•More variance within ‘types’
•C. Frequency based Divergence (genes)
•2 > 1
ResultsResults
• geographic distance decreased migration
Population 1
Population 2Population 3
AA AA AA AA AB AAAB AA AA
BB AB BB BB BB BBAB BB BB
AA AA BB AA AA AAAB AA AA
DiscussionDiscussion
Local
Characteristic
MigrationDriftSelectionMutation
MigrationDriftSelectionMutation
Species
Diversity
Genetic Diversity
•These results are primarily governed by Drift!
DiversiDiversityty
DivergenDivergencece
PrimaryPrimary HighHigh LowLow
SecondarSecondaryy
LowLow HighHigh
DiscussionDiscussion
Implications:
Future Studies:
•Uncertainty behind agricultural diversity
•Drift is a Force!
•The case in other systems?…Animals?
•Do species and genetic diversity recover at the same rate?
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