PAMELA Particle Accelerator for MEdicaL Applications - Institute of

PAMELA Particle Accelerator for MEdicaL Applications

Suzie Sheehy, DPhil candidateJohn Adams Institute for Accelerator Science

Particle Physics, University of Oxford

Clinical RequirementsCharged Particle Therapy (CPT)

Protons and light ionsUsed to treat localised cancers

Less morbidity for healthy tissue

Less damage to vital organs

Particularly for childhood cancers

With X-raysWith Protons“When proton therapy facilities become available it will become malpractice not to use them for children

[with cancer].”Herman Suit, M.D., D.Phil., Chair, Radiation Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital

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Charged Particle TherapyBragg Peak

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Less morbidity for healthy tissue

Less damage to vital organs

“Around 50% of all patients diagnosed with cancer worldwide would benefit from radiotherapy at some

stage of their illness”-World Cancer Report 2003, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

Accelerator Technology

Synchrotron Cyclotron FFAG

Intensity(>100nA)

Low(1-16nA)

Plenty Plenty>100nA

Maintenance Normal Hard Normal

Extraction eff. Good Poor Good

Operation Not Easy Easy Easy

Ions Yes Not yet Yes

Variable Energy Yes No Yes

Repetition Up to 50Hz Continuous ~1 kHz

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Treatment plan should be determined by clinical need, not limited by accelerator technology!

PAMELABASROC: British Accelerator Science and Radiation Oncology Consortium

CONFORM: COnstruction of a Non-scaling FFAG for Oncology, Research and Medicine

http://www.conform.ac.uk/

The project will1. build a 20 MeV electron accelerator, EMMA to test the principle

2. design a proton/ion accelerator for medical applications, PAMELA

3. investigate possible applications, from archaeology to zoology

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What on earth is an NS-FFAG!?“Non-Scaling, Fixed Field, Alternating Gradient”

‘AG’ – F/D magnets = strong focusing like a synchrotron

‘FF’ – don’t ramp up field = fixed field like a cyclotron

‘NS’ – orbit shape is allowed to vary and magnets are simpler than scaling FFAG

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What is an NS-FFAG?

Challenges

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EMMA Ring

Need to align magnets to ~10μm to avoid losing beam!

Present DesignProton ring (30 to 250 MeV)

Carbon ring (up to 400 MeV/u C6+)

Design Principle:Start with scaling FFAG

Relax scaling law Rectangular magnets

Aligned on straight line

Multipoles up to octupole

Results in FFAG with...Small orbit excursion (<172 mm)

Compact magnets

No/little tune shift

12 cells, FDF-tripletStraights: 1.7 m

Sufficient spaceInjection/extraction, RF

6.251m8.5m

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PAMELA Magnets (small ring)

Combined function magnet

Superconducting at 4K

One double-helix coil per multipole

DipoleQuadSext.Oct.

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Magnet design: H.Witte

Layout of facility

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Carbon ions Protons (30 MeV)

RFQ Linac, 7MeV/u

FFAG rings

Protons 70- 250MeV

Carbon 170- 400MeV/u Treatment

rooms

Fixed

Fixed

Gantry

Summary

Charged particle therapy – advantages:Less morbidity for healthy tissue

Less damage to vital organs

Current treatment limited by accelerator technologyNew NS-FFAG technology can overcome this

Design relies on new principle for NS-FFAG

PAMELA – design by late 2010Cheaper, easier to run, reliable accelerator for CPT

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to the PAMELA design team & wider collaboration:

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Ken Peach, John Cobb, Suzanne Sheehy, Holger Witte, Takeichiro Yokoi (JAI, Oxford)Richard Fenning, Akram Khan (Brunel University, UK) Rebecca Seviour (Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster, UK)Carol Johnstone (Fermilab, USA)Mark Hill, Bleddyn Jones, Borivoj Vojnovic (Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Oxford, UK) Morteza Aslaninejad, Matt Easton, Jaroslaw Pasternak (Imperial College, UK)Jürgen Pozimski (Imperial College and STFC/RAL, UK)Neil Bliss, Carl Beard, Peter McIntosh, Susan Smith, Stephan Tzenov (STFC/DL, UK) Rob Edgecock, David Kelliher, Shinji Machida, James Rochford (STFC/RAL, UK)Roger Barlow, Hywel Owen, Sam Tygier (University of Manchester, UK)