Paint Technical Training

PAINT TECHNICAL TRAINING

CORROSION CELL

ANODE (CORRODING AREA)

CURRENT-CARRYING ELECTROLYTE(SEAWATER, SOIL, ETC.)

CATHODE (NONCORRODING AREA)

IONIC PATH

CATHODE

REACTION

ELECTRON

PATH

ANODE

REACTION

Corrosion cell will stop if any reaction or path is stopped

schematic of a corrosion cell

NEW PIPE OLD PIPE

ANODE CATHODE

-OTHER CELLS

TANK DRAINAGE

POOR POOR GOOD

PAINT BEHAVIOUR OVER SURFACE IRREGULARITIES

IRREGULARITY PROBLEM CORRECTION

PROJECTIONS

SHARP CORNERS & EDGES

INSIDE CORNERS

PITS CREVICES

CRACKED ORSPONGY COATING

INSUFFICIENT THICKNESS

CRACKEDOR SPONGY

ENTRAPPED AIR

GRIND TO 1/4 IN.MINIMUM RADIUS

FILLET WELD & GRINDTO 1/2 IN. MINIMUM

RADIUS

GRIND FLUSH

FILL WITH WELD METAL& GRIND FLUSH

INSUFFICIENT THICKNESS

GALVANIC SYSTEM OF CATHODIC PROTECTION

GALVANIC ANODES

METAL RECEIVING PROTECTION

CURRENT-CARRYING ELECTROLYTE

IMPRESSED CURRENT SYSTEM OF CATHODIC PROTECTION

REMOTE ANODE GROUND BED

CURRENT-CARRYING ELECTROLYTE

METAL RECEIVING PROTECTION

(-) (+)RECTIFIER

PAINT IS A BARRIER FROM

Sun

Oxygen

Salt

Water

PINPOINT RUSTING

RUSTING WILL OCCUR HERE

STEELSTEEL

COATING

INHIBITION BY ZINC PRIMER INHIBITIVE COATING CONCEPT

Break in coating to steel surface

Moisture allows zinc to ionize

Cathodically protecting steel

Tight adhesion preventscoating undercut

Moisture absorbtion into film(moisture previous coating)

Ionization of inhibitor

Reaction with steel surface

Passive layer

ZN ++

STEELSTEEL

2nd coat

1st coat

Inhibitive primerInorganic zincpermanent primer

1st organictopcoat

2nd organictopcoat

THREE COMPONENTS OF PAINT

SOLVENTRESIN

PIGMENT

FILM

SOLIDS

SOLVENT

RESIN

PIGMENT

VEHICLE

FUNCTION OF PIGMENT

Provide opacity

Provide colour

Improve weather resistance

Increase paint adhesion

Decrease moisture permeability

Control gloss

WET PAINT

VEHICLE PIGMENT

SOLVENT RESINPRIMARY

PIGMENT

SECONDARY

PIGMENT

RELATIONSHIP OF PAINT RESIN/PIGMENT

RATIO TO GLOSS

* Amount of solvent may vary greatly

HIGH-GLOSS SEMI-GLOSS FLAT

WET

PAINT

CURED

PAINT

CROSS-

SECTION

OF CURED

PAINTHIGHRESIN/PIGMENT

MODERATERESIN/PIGMENT

LOWRESIN/PIGMENT

SOLVENT* SOLVENT* SOLVENT*

PIGMENT PIGMENT PIGMENT

PIGMENTPIGMENT

PIGMENT

RESINRESINRESIN

RESINRESIN RESIN

A PAINT FILM MUST BE:

Easy to apply

Continuous and uniform

Tightly adhering

Impermeable

Weather resistant

SU

BS

TR

AT

E

THREE METHODS OF PAINT CURING

Air oxidation

Solvent or water evaporation

Chemical reaction of components

AIR OXIDATION OF PAINTS

LIQUIDDRYING OIL

OXYGENSOLID FILM OF

DRYING OIL

PROPERTIES OF AIR DRYING COATINGS

Generic (chemical) type Properties

Oleoresinous

Alkyd

Silicone alkyd

Phenolic

Good wetting; generally soft and slow dryingcannot be used in immersed zone

Good wetting; may be hard or soft; cannot beused in immersed zone

Improved durability and gloss; cannot be usedin immersed zone

Can be used in immersion service

CURING OF LACQUERS AND WATER EMULSIONS

SOLID RESININ SOLVENTOR WATER

SOLID RESINUNCHANGEDCHEMICALLY

SOLVENT FUMESOR WATER VAPOR

EV

AP

OR

ATI

ON

PROPERTIES OF COATINGS THAT CURE BY SOLVENTOR WATER EVAPORATION

Generic (chemical) type Properties

SOLVENT BASED COATINGS

Vinyl (polyvinyl chloride)

Chlorinated rubber

Coal tar and asphaltic

Polyvinyl butyral

WATER BASED COATINGSAcrylic

Polyvinyl acetate

Good water, limited solvent resistance;easily touched-up or topcoated

Good water, limited solvent resistance;durable easily touched-up or topcoated

Soft; black; of limited use, frequently onmechanically cleaned surfaces

Used exclusively in pretreatment (wash)primers for drying oil and vinyl coatings

Used in atmospheric area only; poor wetting

Same as acrylic

CURING OF PAINTS BY CHEMICAL REACTION

LIQUID

RESIN A

LIQUID

RESIN B

LIQUID

RESIN A-B

PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL REACTING COATINGS

General (chemical) type

Epoxy

Coal tar epoxy

Urethane

Polyester

Inorganic zinc

Properties

Good water and chemical resistance; chalkfreely; difficult to topcoat

Excellent water resistance; black only;difficult to topcoat

Good water and solvent resistance, aliphaticurethanes weather well in sunlight; difficultto topcoat

Frequently used with glass fibres to givetough, water resistant coating or glassflakes to impart abrasion resistance

Good abrasion resistance; used inpre-construction primers; topcoated for usein immersed zone

COATING PROPERTIES RELATED TO CHEMISTRY

Mechanism and time of curing

Performance in different environments

Performance on different substrates

Compatibility with other coatings

Ease of top coating and repair

Flexibility and toughness

Application properties(wetting, build, pot life etc.)

THE TOTAL QUALITY OF A COATING SYSTEM

IS ONLY FOR 50% DEPENDING ON THE PAINT

ITSELF.

75% OF PAINT FAILURES ARE CAUSED BY

IMPROPER SURFACE PREPARATION.

SURFACE PREPARATION REQUIREMENTS

Proper degree of cleanliness

Proper profile height (texture)

Proper construction

REPAIRS/MODIFICATIONS REQUIRED BEFORESURFACE CLEANING

Steel

Wood

Concrete/Masonry

Plastic

welding, cutting, grinding of weldsand edges, filling crevices

replacement, cutting, nailing

patching, filling cracks and pores

cutting, bonding

RULE OF THUMB

The profile height of steel should be between

1/2 and 2 1/2 mills and never more than

one-half the primer dry film thickness

Rz PROFILE VALUE

Z 1 Z 2 Z 3 Z 4 Z 5

COMMON METHODS OF CLEANING SURFACES

Hand and power tools

Flame

Solvent

Steam

Abrasive blast

FOR PAINTING

Water blast

FLAME CLEANING

300º F, loosens mill scale, old paint

Follow with wire brushing or scraping

Warms and dries surface

Slow: 15 - 35 linear feet per minute

Wear goggles, gloves, helmet

Remove all sources of flammable gases

SOLVENT WASHING

Removes oil, grease, dust

Use clean rags

Turn and replace often

Replace solvent for final rinse

Wear goggles and gloves

BLASTING HAS LIMITATIONS

Removal oil/grease

Removal thermoplastic materials

Dust problems

Chemical waste

CLEANING METHOD CONTAMINANT

Solvent cleaningSteam

Waterblasting

Hand or power tools

Flame cleaning followedby wirebrushing

Abrasive blasting

Grease / Salt / DirtOil / Weldmarks

Marine growth / Loose paint

Loose mill scale / Weld flux /Loose rust / Weld splatter /Loose paint

RustLoose mill scale /some tight millscale

All visible rust / Tight paintTight mill scale / Foreign matter

RECOMMENDED CLEANING METHODS FOR

Wood

Plastic

Concrete/Masonry

Steel

VARIOUS SUBSTRATES *

Aluminium/Tin/Copper/Brass/Galvanized steel

sanding after scraping loose paint

sanding after scraping loose paint

careful waterblasting

abrasive blasting generally preferred overmechanical cleaning

mechanical cleaning or brush off blast;pretreatment (wash) prime

* Solvent wash to remove oil or grease

CRITERIA FOR COATING SELECTION

Desired coating properties

Nature and condition of substrate

Basic function of coating

Limitations of time, space, equipment, etc

Significant environmental factors

STEEL PAINTING COSTS

10 - 15%40 - 55% 35 - 45%

PAINTMATERIAL

PAINTAPPLICATION

SURFACEPREPARATION

COATINGS COMMONLY USED ON WOOD

Substrate Paint Comments

Interior wood

Exterior wood

Oil

Alkyd

Latex

(vinyl or acrylic)

Oil

Alkyd

Silicone Alkyd

Latex

(vinyl or acrylic)

Slow drying and relatively soft

May be hard or soft

Can be applied over oil, alkyd orlatex primer

Good wetting; slow drying; soft

Good wetting; other properties may

vary

Good wetting and gloss

Poor wetting; easily applied andcleaned up

COATINGS COMMONLY USED ON MASONRY AND CONCRETE SURFACES

Interior masonry,plaster, andwall board

Exterior concrete,and masonry

Acrylic latex

Vinyl latexChlorinated rubber

Acrylic latex

Vinyl latexChlorinated rubber,Vinyl, Epoxy

Easily applied; must removeall loose chalkSame as acrylic latexGood for waterproofing

Fill coats will reduce waterpenetration

Same as acrylic latexGood for waterproofing, forconcrete in corrosiveconditions

COATINGS COMMONLY USED ON IRON AND STEEL SURFACESSubstrate Paint CommentsInterior ironand steel

Exterior ironand steel

AlkydVinyl

Epoxy

Urethane

AlkydSilicone Alkyd

Inorganic zinc

VinylEpoxyUrethane

Not for immersed surfacesGood water, poor solvent resistance

Good durability and chemicalresistanceGood durability and chemicalresistance

For mild and marine environmentsSame as Alkyd, better glossretention

Topcoated with epoxy forseawater immersion, tankcoatings

Good durability, easily touched up

Good durability, chalks in sunlightAliphatic type has good weathering

ALKYD

Disadvantages

Poor chemical and solvent

resistance

Poor water resistance

Poor resistance toalkalinity

Advantages

One-package coating

Good exterior durability

Moderate cost

Good flexibility

Excellent adhesion to most

surfaces, including poorly

prepared surfaces

Easy to apply

Good gloss retention

LATEX (Acrylic or Vinyl)

Advantages Disadvantages

Moderate cost

Good flexibility

Limited durability outside

Poor chemical and solvent

Poor immersion resistance

Easy to apply, topcoat, repair

Environmental acceptabilityCuring temperatures must beabove 50º F

resistance

BITUMINOUS

Advantages Disadvantages

Low cost

Good moisture barrier

Good film build

Poor weathering properties

Black color only

Poor solvent resistanceGood corrosion protection

VINYL (Acrylic)

Advantages Disadvantages

Rapid drying and recoating

Excellent durability

Excellent durability

Very good gloss retention

Applicable at low temperatures

Poor solvent resistance

Low film build per coat

CHLORINATED RUBBER

Disadvantages

Poor solvent resistance

Poor heat resistance

Poor gloss retention(158º F)

Advantages

Rapid drying and recoating

Fair chemical resistance

Good water resistance

Good durability

Applicable at low temperatures

Easy to repair

EPOXY

Advantages

Excellent chemical andsolvent resistanceGood water resistance

Very good exterior durabilityHard, slick filmExcellent adhesion

Excellent abrasion resistanceGood caustic resistance

Disadvantages

Two-package coating - limited

Curing temperatures must be

Poor gloss retentionFilm chalks on ageing

Roughening up required for repair

above 50º F

potlife

COAL TAR EPOXY

Advantages Disadvantages

ChalkingTopcoating may present problems(tar bleeding)

Excellent resistance tofresh and salt waterGood film buildExcellent resistance toaliphatic petroleum products

POLYURETHANE

Disadvantages

Gloss drop with high humidity

Two component - limited pot lifeHigh costPersonal protection required

during drying

Advantages

Excellent gloss retention

Can be applied at lowtemperatures

Excellent durability in

Recoatable

exterior exposure

ORGANIC ZINC

Advantages

Excellent corrosion protection

Provides "galvanic" protection

Easier to topcoat than inorganiczinc (less porous)One or two-package depending upon organic resin

Disadvantages

High costSpray application only

Constant stirring necessaryduring applicationNot suitable for acidic orcaustic service

Zinc salts to be removed

INORGANIC ZINC

Advantages

Excellent corrosion protection

Provides "galvanic" protectionproperties

Excellent solvent resistance

Provides "permanent" primercapability when used in conjunctionwith proper topcoats and/ormaintenace practices

Excellent exterior durabilityExcellent heat resistance

Disadvantages

High costSpray application only; skilledapplicators required

Drying influenced byhumidity - depending on type

Not suitable for acidic orcaustic service

Requires careful selection oftiecoats and topcoats

Constant stirring necessary

FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OFMETHOD OF COATING APPLICATION

Characteristic Brush Roller Spray

SpeedEase of applicationSimplicity of equipmentSafetyMaterial conservationPortabilityVersatilityInitial economicsLong range economicsHiding powerUniformity

fairfairexcellentexcellentexcellentexcellentgoodexcellentfairgoodpoor

goodgoodexcellentexcellentgoodgoodfairexcellentfairfairfair

excellentpoorpoorpoorpoor/good*poorexcellentpoorexcellentpoor/good*good

* varies with equipment and operator

METHOD

Brush

Roller

Air Spray

Airless Spray

(square feet applied per 8 hour day)

2

4

8

-

-

-

1.000

4.000

8.000

12.000

sq. ft.

sq. ft.

sq. ft.

sq. ft.

THREE FACTORS AFFECT PAINT VISCOSITY

Solvent / solids ratio

Paint temperature

Paint mixing

TEMPERATURE ( º F)

VIS

CO

SIT

Y (

SE

CO

ND

S)

80

50

30

20

0

50º 70º 95º 125º

TEMPERATURE VS. VISCOSITY

MIXING AND THINNING PROCEDURE

One-package paintsTwo-package paints

: type and amount of thinner to be used, if anyratio of catalyst to base paint,induction time, and pot life

:

Overlap strokes by 50% for uniform film build

PROPER OVERLAPPING TECHNIQUE

Divide a long surface area into sections 18" - 36" wide

PROPER STROKING TECHNIQUE.......SECTIONING A LARGE SURFACE

18" - 36" 18" - 36" 18" - 36"

4" overlap 4" overlap

PAINT INSPECTION DUTIES

Inspection of materials

Inspection of surface preparation

Inspection of paint application

Final inspection for acceptance

PROPER STORAGE OF PAINT

NO YES

Flames

Sparks

Temperature control

Stock rotation

On palletsDirect sun

Ventilation

STEELOil or grease contamination

Poor adhesion creates areas where

moisture vapour can condense or thevapour pressure in the void may be

greater than exterior water pressure

causing blisters and eventual coating

disruption

BUBBLE OF TROUBLEPAINT BLISTER FORMED BY SOLVENT ENTRAPPED BETWEEN COATS

PRIMER COAT

VAPOR FROM SOLVENT TRYING TO ESCAPE

TOP COATSECOND COAT

STEEL WALL

SURFACE PREPARATION SPECIFICATIONS

SSPC-Guide to Vis 1

SSPC-Guide to Vis 2

Pictorial surface preparationStandards for painting steel surfaces

Standard method of evaluating degree ofrusting on painted steel surfaces

SSPC-SP

SSPC-SP

SSPC-SP

SSPC-SP

SSPC-SP

SSPC-SP

SSPC-SP

SSPC-SP

1

2

3

5

6

7

8

10

Solvent cleaning

Hand tool cleaning

Power tool cleaning

White metal blast cleaning

Commercial blast cleaning

Brush-off blast cleaning

Pickling

Near-white blast cleaning

APPEARANCE OF THE COMPLETED SURFACE

The surface shall be roughened to a degreesuitable for the specified paint system

The completed surface shall be cleaned to agrey-white metallic colour. The appearance of

the surface may be affected by the particularblasting abrasive usedUniformity of colour may be affected by the grade,original surface condition, and configuration of thematerial being cleaned, as well as by discolourationsfrom mill or fabrication marks, and the shadowing fromblast cleaning patterns

SSPC-Vis 1 or other visual standards of surfacepreparation agreed upon by the contracting partiesmay be used to further define the surface

SURFACE PREPARATION SPECIFICATIONS FORABRASIVE BLAST CLEANED STEEL

Surface NACESpec.

SSPC-SISSSPC-spec.

VisualstandardSSPC-Vis 1

Description

White metal

Near white

Commercial

Brush-off

1

2

3

4

SSPC-SP 5

SSPC-SP 10

SSPC-SP 6

SSPC-SP 7

CSa3

CSa2½

CSa2

CSa1

Grey-white colour100% free of oil,grease, dirt, rust,mill scale and paint

Only very lightshadows, streaks ordiscolouration.(At least 95% free)

At least two-thirdsfree of visibleresidues

Only tight mill scaleand tightly adheringrust after blasting

FOUR RUST GRADES OF UNPAINTED STEEL

Adherent mill scale

Rusting mill scale

Rusted

Pitted and rusted

0 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.100.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90

TOTAL COST IN DOLLARS PER SQUARE FOOT

WHITEBLAST

HANDTOOL

POWERTOOL

COMMERCIALBLAST

NEAR WHITEBLAST

OTHER STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTING COUNCIL

SURFACE PREPARATION SPECIFICATIONS

Solvent cleaning SSPC-SP1

SSPC Spec.no. Intended use

Removal of oil, grease, and othersoluble materials prior to removalof mill scale, rust, and coating byother methods

Pickling SSPC-SP8 Preparing metal surfaces for coating byremoval of mill scale and rust bychemical reaction, electrolysis or both

Flame cleaningof new steel

SSPC-SP4 Preparing unpainted steel withoxy-acetylene flame followed by wirebrush removal of loosened mill scale andrust

Hand toolcleaning

SSPC-SP2 Removal of loose mill scale, rust andcoating by hand sanding, scraping,chipping or other impact tools

specification

STEEL SURFACE PREPARATION REQUIREMENTSFOR COMMONLY USED COATINGS

Coating type

Drying oilAlkydOleoresinous PhenolicCoal tarAsphaltic

VinylChlorinated rubberEpoxyCoal tar epoxy

UrethaneOrganic zinc

Inorganic zinc

Minimum surface preparation

Hand or power tool cleaning (SSPC-SP2 or 3)Commercial blast (SSPC-SP6)Commercial blast (SSPC-SP6)Commercial blast (SSPC-SP6)

Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)

Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)

Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)White or near white (SSPC-SP5 or 10)

COMPRESSOR HP

RATING

COMPRESSOR CAPACITY CFM

(electric drive)

15

2025

304050

60

75

100

50

7090

up toup to

up to

up to

up to

up to

-

--

70

90105

130170210

260

320

420

NOZZLE PRESSURE CLEANING RATE

100

90

80

70

60

psi

psi

psi

psi

psi

100

82

78

60

50

%

%

%

%

%

(Standard for comparison)

approx.

approx.

PRESSURE LOSS IN AIRHOSE DUE TO FRICTION

* Pressure drops for other lenghts in direct proportion to change in length

HOSE SIZE,COUPLEDEND

LINEPRESSUREPSI

CFM FREE AIR PASSING THROUGH 50 FT. LENGTHS

LOSS OF PRESSURE PSI*

3/4"

1 inch

1-1/4"

6080

100110

6080

100110

6080

100110

8.86.65.9

3.32.01.51.3

1.00.60.40.4

120

8.65.84.43.9

2.01.41.00.9

0.60.40.30.3

100

5.23.62.72.4

1.20.80.60.6

0.30.20.20.2

80

2.81.91.41.3

0.60.50.40.3

0.20.1--

60

1.20.80.60.5

----

----

40

11.19.9

7.23.52.42.1

1.00.70.6

150

RULE OF THUMB

Bigger and shorter are the key to blast hose

efficiency.

If a choice must be made between having a short

air hose or a short blast hose, choose

the short blast hose.

RIGHT…… EXTERNALLY-FITTED QUICK COUPLING

WRONG…… INTERNALLY-FITTED COUPLING

RULE OF THUMB

A loss of pressure at the nozzle of only 10 PSI

means a 15% loss in production

RULE OF THUMB

Choose the smallest grain size which can remove

the contaminant on that particular surface.

Bigger is not better here.

RULE OF THUMB

It only takes one spray painter to keep up

with four blasters

AIR SPRAY FEATURES

Finest atomization & finish

Versatile

Easy to use

POWER SOURCE

Electric

Gas

Air

AIRLESS SPRAY FEATURES

Reduced overspray & bounce-back

Increased production

Material savings

Labor savings

Energy savings

Improved coverage

TYPICAL AIRLESS TIP SELECTION

Paint type Orifice size Pressure

Acrylic, modified

Chlorinated rubber

Epoxy polyamide

Vinyl, copolymer

Epoxy, amine

Phenolic, modified

Antifouling

Inorganic zinc

Organic zinc

Coal tar epoxy

.013

.013

.015

.015

.017

.019

.021

.023

.026

.031

"

-

-

-

-

-

tip

.017

.021

.025

.029

.031

2200

2200

2000

2000

2200

2200

2000

2400

900

900

psi

-

-18001800

EXTERNAL IONIZATION

CHARGED PROBE

ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY FEATURES

Increased transfer efficiency

Fewer passes

Wrap around edges & irregular surfaces

Lower material usage

Fewer rejects

Reduced labor(greater productivity)

SAFETY HAZARDS IN PAINTING OPERATIONS

High places

High pressures

Flammable materials

Toxic materials

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN SURFACE PREPARATION

Acids

Alkalis

Steam

Particulate matter in blasting dusts

Lead and other toxicants from old paint inblasting dust

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN PAINT APPLICATIONS

Flammable solvents

Toxic pigments (lead, chromium, etc.)

Toxic or allergic resins (urethane, epoxy, etc.)

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATIONS OF SOLVENT VAPORS (MAC)

* For 8 hours exposure; PPM by volume in air

Type ofsolvent

Threshold limitvalue (TLV)*

Type ofsolvent

Threshold limitvalue (TLV)*

AcetoneAlcohols

ButylEthylIsopropylMethyl (Wood)

Benzene (Benzol)Carbon TetrachlorideCellosolve

Butyl CellosolveCellosolve acetateMethyl cellosolveMethyl cellosolve acetate

CyclohexaneCyclohexanone

CyclohexeneEnamel thinnerEthylene dichloride

Methylene ketone (MEK)Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)Mineral spiritsNaphta, coal tarNaphta, V.M & p.PerchloroethyleneToluene (Toluol)TrichloroethyleneTurpentineXylene (Xylol)

1000

1001000

4007002510

20050

1002525

30050

400200

50500700100500200500100200100100200

Methylene chloride

RESPIRATORS

During:

Sandblasting

Abrasive blast cleaning

Flame cleaning

Solvent cleaning

Protection from:

Dust

Rust, dirt, scale particles

Toxic fumes from paintsor solvents

FLASHPOINT AND EXPLOSIVE LIMITS OF PAINT SOLVENTSAverageflash pointdegrees F

Explosive limits% by volume in air

Lower UpperType of solvent

AcetoneAlcohol, butylAlcohol, ethylAlcohol, isopropylBenzene (benzol)Carbon TetrachlorideCellosolveCellosolve, acetateCellosolve, methylCyclohexaneCyclohexanoneCyclohexeneEthylene dichlorideMethylethyl ketone (MEK)Methyl isobutyl ketone (MEK)Mineral spiritsNaphtha, V.M. & P.Toluene (toluol)TrichloroethyleneTurpentineXylene (xylol)

115606712

none135130120

32129

22703575

105-11040-60

45none

95-10080

2.81.53.32.51.5

(non-flammable)2.61.7- -1.31.1- -6.21.81.20.70.81.4

(non-flammable)0.81.0

12.811.219.012.0

8.0

16.0

- -- -8.0

- -- -

15.911.0

9.06.06.06.7

none5.3

4-

GROUNDING

Spray gun

Object being painted

TARGET FOR SAFETY PROGRAM

Complete safety training

Use of safety equipment

Available emergency services

Constant worker vigilance

THE SUBSEQUENT CHEMICAL REACTION CAN TAKE PLACE IN

THE FOLLOWING WAYS:

B

B

B

B

B

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

with the aid of oxygen from the atmosphere

with the aid of heat

with the aid of a hardener

with the aid of a catalyst

with the aid of moisture from the atmosphere

Wet coatof paint

Beginningdrying(+ solventvapour)

Dry coatof paint(with newlyformed macro-molecule)

Chemicallydryingbinder agent+ solvent

PHYSICALLY DRYING PAINT(schematic illustration)

WET COAT OF PAINT DRY COAT OF PAINT(+ SOLVENT VAPOUR)

SOLVENT PAINT+ =BINDING AGENT

SOLVENTS / THINNERS

Generic type

Aliphatic

Aromatic

Alcohols

Ketones

Esters

Ethers

PetrolWhite spirit

XyleneTolueneNaphta's

Methyl-Ethyl-Propyl-Butyl-

Acetone, MEK, MIBKMethyl-, Ethyl-Propyl-, Butyl-

Glycolethers

)))

)) Bitumen

Bit and tar

TYPE OF PAINTS

Epoxies

Polyurethanes

Chlorrubbers

Vinyls

Alkyds

ACID ALCOHOL ALCID ALKYD+

BINDER FUNCTIONS

AdhesionGloss

ViscosityProtection

weatherwaterchemicals

Mechanical properties:strengthflexibilityhardness

Filmforming

Thermoplastics

Elastomers

Thermosetting plastics

Small molecules, little bindingPoor film forming capacity

Linear macromolecules. Good bindinggood elasticity. Hard at roomtemperature, plastic on heating

Large moleculeshigh viscosity

Small moleculeslow viscosity

Linear macromolecules with a singlecross-linkage. Good binding, gooddeformability. Rubbery at roomtemperature, on heating sometimesplastic, mostly unchanged

Net-shaped macromolecules with manycross-linkages. Good binding, great

room temperature, unchanged on heatingrobustness, not deformable. Hard at