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p. 277
Cold Front: cold air behind front (often to NW)abrupt cooling as it passes
Warm Front: warm air behind front (often to S)more gradual warming
Stationary front: divides airmasses, but little forwardmotion
Occluded front: cold front “catches up” to warm frontwarm sector now only found aloftless temperature contrast
Vertical displacement along a cold front
COLD FRONT
Infrared Imagery Radar Imagery
Profile of a warm front
Occlusion sequence
p. 291
Stationary Front
POLAR FRONT
POLAR AIRMASS
SUBTROPICAL AIRMASS
Maturity
Lifting processes and cloud cover
Occlusion
Convergence and divergencealong a Rossby wave
If lows and highs aloft and at the surface are above one another, the systems will weaken !
Divergencealoft promotesthe surfacelow
Convergencealoft promotesthe surfacehigh
Surfacedivergence
Surfaceconvergence
Longwaves
MIGRATE THROUGHTHE LONGWAVE TROUGHS
1
2
3
Differential temperatureadvection intensifies thewave
Condensation mayrelease even moreheat energy for the storm
Less upper level divergence
No temp advection
Relative vorticity
Vorticity through a Rossby wave
Values of absolute vorticity on a hypothetical 500 mb map
Temperature variations in the lower atmospherelead to variations in upper-level pressure
Example of a midlatitude cyclone
April 15
April 16
April 18
• Flow patterns and large-scale weather
–Zonal height patterns “zonal flow”
Meridional flow pattern
Typical winter midlatitude cyclone paths
A. cyclogenesisB. occlusionC. maturityD. senescence
What is the term for this early stage in the life cycle of a midlatitude cyclone?
A. cyclogenesisB. occlusionC. maturityD. senescence
What is the term for this early stage in the life cycle of a midlatitude cyclone?
A. cyclogenesisB. occlusionC. maturityD. senescence
What is the term for this stage in the life cycle of a midlatitude cyclone?
A. cyclogenesisB. occlusionC. maturityD. senescence
What is the term for this stage in the life cycle of a midlatitude cyclone?
A. AB. BC. CD. D
In which area would overrunning occur?
A
CB
D
A. AB. BC. CD. D
In which area would overrunning occur?
A
CB
D
A. AB. BC. CD. D
Which location would have the lowest pressure?
A
CB
D
A. AB. BC. CD. D
Which location would have the lowest pressure?
A
CB
D
A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4
Which area would have the greatest positive relative vorticity?
[insert figure 10-4]
A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4
Which area would have the greatest positive relative vorticity?
[insert figure 10-4]
A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4
Which area would have the least relative vorticity?
A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4
Which area would have the least relative vorticity?
A. uplift over a surface lowB. sinking airC. chaotic flowD. anticyclones
To what might divergence along the jet stream contribute?
[insert figure 10-7]
A. uplift over a surface lowB. sinking airC. chaotic flowD. anticyclones
To what might divergence along the jet stream contribute?
A. a barotrophic atmosphereB. divergence aloftC. convergence aloftD. negative relative vorticity
What would cause this surface low to strengthen?
[insert figure 10-11b]
A. a barotrophic atmosphereB. divergence aloftC. convergence aloftD. negative relative vorticity
What would cause this surface low to strengthen?
A. AB. BC. CD. D
Where is the “dry conveyor belt” in the diagram?
B
A
D
C
A. AB. BC. CD. D
Where is the “dry conveyor belt” in the diagram?
B
A
D
C
A. baroclinicB. zonalC. meridionalD. mythical
Which term best describes the upper air flow in the diagram?
A. baroclinicB. zonalC. meridionalD. mythical
Which term best describes the upper air flow in the diagram?
A. baroclinicB. zonalC. meridionalD. mythical
Which term best describes the upper air flow in the diagram?
[insert figure 10-15b]
A. baroclinicB. zonalC. meridionalD. mythical
Which term best describes the upper air flow in the diagram?
insert figure 10-15 a]
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