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Overview
What's is micro gridOver view of electric grid Why Micro grid IDSM(Integrated Demand Side Management ) Transmission and Distribution LinesManaged Grids ComparedMicro grids vs. ZNETechnical and Operational ConsiderationsSummary
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What is Micro grid
Means a group of interconnected loads and
distributed energy resources within clearly defined
electrical boundaries that acts as a single
controllable entity with respect to the grid and that
connects and disconnects from such grid to enable
it to operate in both grid- connected or Island
Mode.
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Definition
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Generation
The Electric Grid
10,000 V (10 kV)
Above 50,000 V to 1,000,000 V (50 kV to 1,000 kV)
TransmissionStep up
Step down
Sub-station
Distribution
12,000 V (12 kV)
Step down
120V – 240V
Home480V
Business
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Simple Micro grid Diagram
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Why Micro grids?
Generate electricity close to end-useGenerate electricity ‘behind the meter’
Natural gas hydrogen fuel cellsProduce base load power
Energy storage for load shape/shiftIDSM and Demand Response (DR)
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Integrated Demand Side Management (IDSM)
The Strategic Plan recognizes the integration of demand-side management (DSM) options including energy efficiency (EE), demand response (DR), and distributed generation (DG) as fundamental to achieving California’s strategic energy goals.
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Anatomy of a Micro grid
GenerationReliable and cost effective renewables Fuels cells with waste heat recovery and optimization
Bi-directional inverter
Short and effective transmission.
Energy Storage by small loads.
Project finance and execution.
Simple Operation and maintenance.
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Technical Considerations
Technical: Proper control of voltage/frequency /power quality Protection schemes and modifications Changes in power-flow magnitude and direction Steady state and transient conditions Reserve margins, load shedding, demand response,
and cold load pickup
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Operational Considerations Operational: Safety Protection coordination Load to generation matching Load (phase) imbalance Micro grid communications, monitoring and
dispatch (mini EDC) Ongoing maintenance
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Economic Considerations
Geographic dispersion of critical loads Initial cost to install required facilities Life of installed system may vary and is important Monitoring and control of installed system Maintenance and troubleshooting of installed
system Generation must be capable of continuous
operation Non-Micro grid and Micro grid customer impacts
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Transmission and Distribution Lines
Typical transmission land distribution structures for electric power systems. 500KV and 230KV are part of the transmission system, 138KV, 69KV, and 7-13KV are part of the distribution system.
Transmission and Distribution Lines
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Micro grids vs. ZNE
MG => self-contained energy Never run out, excess is stored ZNE is over production, balancing Fuel cells can cover base load PV can cover peak demand energy
NOTE :-ZNE() is a model for distributed generation and emissions reduction
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Energy Management
Energy Management Is a System In Which Generation, Transmission, Distribution are include and also their Voltage.
In Generation normally voltage is 11KV,33KV.
In Transmission normally voltage is 132kv,220kv,66kv,33kv.
In Distribution voltage is 11kv,400volt,230volt.
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Summary
Micro grids provide a measure of energy control and autonomy from the grid
Running a micro grid is a large financial investment, and requires technical skills
Distributed Generation, energy storage, and active load management => IDSM
An emerging electricity model blends the best of micro grids, DG, and active IDSM
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sir
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