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National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Overview of NREL’s Distributed Energy Resources Center
Tony SchaffhauserDER Center Director
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Briefing for UTFO GroupMay 7, 2002
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
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Context: Linking Renewable Resources and Natural Gas to Meet National Needs
Resource And Environmental Evaluation
WindGeothermal
Solar technologiesWind Turbines
Geothermal plantsBiomass Power
Distributed EnergyHybrid Systems
Hydrogen
Bioenergy
Policy and Economic Analysis
National NeedsTechnology PathwaysResources
Solar National SecurityEnergy InfrastructureClean EnergyEconomic Growth
Natural Gas
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Vision of the Energy System of the Future with Distributed Generation
Clean Energy Choices
Fuel Cell
e -
Powerpark/Microgrid
Hydrogen Storage
Rooftop Photovoltaics
Industrial DG Remote Loads
ElectricStorage
Smart Substation
Fuel Cell
e -
Solar TechnologiesWind TurbinesBiomass PowerGas TechnologiesDistributed EnergyHybrid SystemsHydrogen
Wind Farms
Load as a resource Combined Heat
and Power
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Distributed Energy Resources Can Provide Benefits to Both Consumers and Suppliers
Potential Consumer Benefits• Clean Energy• Lower cost electricity• Reduced price volatility • Greater reliability and power
quality• Energy and load
management• Combined Heat and Power
Potential Supplier Benefits• Reduced electric line loss• Reduced T&D congestion• Grid investment deferment and
improved grid asset utilization• Improved grid reliability• Ancillary services, such as voltage
support or stability, VARs, contingency reserves, and black start capability
• Greater flexibility and energy security
Customer choice, open market access, time of use pricing, and easy interconnection is required to achieve these benefits Customer choice, open market access, time of use pricing, and easy interconnection is required to achieve these benefits
Distributed Energy Resources Center
Resources and Environmental Evaluation
Distributed PowerSystems Integration
Hydrogen andNatural Gas Systems
• National and International Assessment of Renewable Energy Resources
• GIS Analysis of Resource and Environmental Data
• Metrology and Calibration of Worldwide Standards
• Regulatory and Institutional Issues
• Standards and Codes• Engineering and Test
Development• Testing facilities
• Hydrogen Infrastructure Analysis
• Codes and Standards• Fuel Cell Systems
Analysis and R&D Coordination
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Mission of the DER Center
• Lead the development and validation of tools for distributed energy systems
• Link resources and technologies for integration of distributed power and hybrid systems using– renewable energy sources– natural gas technologies – hydrogen and storage systems
• Address technical, environmental and infrastructure barriers• Enable choice of clean, flexible, reliable, and secure energy
for industry, communities, states, and regions.
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An Integrated Resource and Environmental Evaluation Activity
InformationDissemination
Knowledge-BasedGIS Applications
Resource andEnvironmental
AnalysisResource
Quantification
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Geographical Information Systems Analysis Integrates Data and Models
Data Model ResultsGIS Analysis
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Advanced Assessment Techniques Provide Considerable Value over Earlier Analysis
2001 (1 km resolution)
1987 (25 km resolution)
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Distributed Power Systems Integration
Engineering andTest Development
Standards and Codes
Regulatory andInstitutional Issues
Development of standards and codes that address safety, reliability, power quality, and interconnection issues related to the integration of distributed resources with power systems
Research on advanced interconnection systems including hardware and software for DR interconnected with electric power systems
Working with industry, state and local government organizations to eliminate unnecessary barriers to the use of distributed power
IEEE P1547Draft Standard for Interconnecting DistributedResources with Electric Power Systems
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National Goal– DER Systems Applications Operating safely and reliably, providing electric energy or ancillary services of high quality, with minimal environment impact, and at reasonable prices for a safe and secure America (RD)
Distributed
Energy
Resources
DER Applications
DER Technologies
DER Integration
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IEEE Interconnection Standard P1547
• Title: Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
• Scope: This standard establishes criteria and requirements for interconnection of distributed resources (DR) with electric power systems (EPS).
• Purpose: Provide a uniform standard for interconnection of distributed resources with electric power systems, and requirements relevant to the performance, operation, testing, safety considerations, and maintenance of the interconnection.
• Sponsor: IEEE SCC21 -- Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage; Chair, R. DeBlasio.
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Interconnection Testing Network Activities(In-House and Subcontract)
University of WisconsinOrion - University of Massachusetts (Lowell)Industry Partners - DTE, GE, NiSource
Simulation and Modeling
NREL - DER Test FacilityEPRI - PEACUniversity of Wisconsin
CharacterizationR&D
EPRI-PEACUnderwriters LaboratoriesCertification
Nevada Test SiteDistributed Utility Integration Test - DUAIndustry Partners - GE, NYSERDA, GRI, NRECA, NiSource, Real Energy, DTE
Field Testing and Validation
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Testing Conducted in DP Program
DR Interconnection System
•PV•Wind•Fuel Cell•Microturbine•Genset
Grid Simulatorw/ voltage and
frequency control
Load SimulatorRLC
DPP Testingfocuses on interconnection of DR to electrical grid
Equipment•Protective Equipment•Switches•Electronics•Controls•Communications
Measurements•Power Quality•Stability•Response to disturbances•Performance/ Functionality
UtilityGrid
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Purpose of the NREL Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility
• Support DOE Distributed Power Program goals.• Capitalize on NREL’s expertise and expand capabilities in
testing renewable and distributed energy systems. • Continue leadership with industry in standards
development and validation for distributed resources (P1547, P1589, …).
• Support research subcontracts and aid manufacturers through cooperative testing of their systems for baseline comparisons
• Coordination of testing at field sites.
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NWTC Site View and Location of HPTB - DERTF
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Update on NREL DER Test Facility (Phase 0)
• Concrete Pad for DG Testing installed• Installation of Capstone Turbine completed –initial startup expected October 15
• Expansion of HPTB building is completed • Electrical and Mechanical modifications for research testing completed
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Update on NREL DER Test Facility (Phase 0)
Construction completed and General Purpose Equipment installed
200kW Grid Simulator – Simulate utility grid and full control of voltage and frequency to test DG response to grid disturbances
Yokogawa PZ4000 -Power analyzer – For Data Acquisition and measurement
KeyTek Surge Tester –Simulate high-voltage (up to 20,000V) lightning strikes on DG equipment
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Distributed Energy Resources Systems TestingDistributed Energy Resources Systems Testing
Wind Turbines
PV Array
Battery Banks
Inverters
Fuel CellsElectrolyzer
Microturbines
Thermal Converters
Building Thermal Loads
Utility GridGrid Simulator
AC Bus
Diesel Generators DC Bus
Load Simulators
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Hydrogen Infrastructure Highlights• Lead laboratory for H2 Program safety, codes and standards
– Coordinate with other federal, state and local agencies– Technical advisor to International Code Council’s (ICC) Committee– Preparing safety primer for local building and fire code officials
• Hydrogen infrastructure planning– Prepared 5-year “Blueprint for Hydrogen Infrastructure Development” for
hydrogen vehicles based on industry workshop– Technical staff to Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel (HTAP)– Led scenario planning for long-term hydrogen RD&D portfolio
• Integrate and test renewable-energy power packages at NREL/NWTC
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Summary: Linking Renewable Resources and Natural Gas to Meet National Needs
Resource And Environmental Evaluation
WindGeothermal
Solar technologiesWind Turbines
Geothermal plantsBiomass Power
Distributed EnergyHybrid Systems
Hydrogen
Bioenergy
Policy and Economic Analysis
National NeedsTechnology PathwaysResources
Solar National SecurityEnergy InfrastructureClean EnergyEconomic Growth
Natural Gas
Distributed Energy Resources Web LinksDistributed Energy Resource Centerwww.nrel.gov/energy_resources
Distributed Powerwww.eren.doe.gov/distributedpower www.eren.doe.gov/der
Hydrogenwww.eren.doe.gov/hydrogen
Measurement & Instrumentation Data Centermedc.nrel.gov
Renewable Resource Data Centermedc.nrel.gov
Resource Maps & Datawww.nrel.gov/gis
Solar Radiation Research Laboratorywww.nrel.gov/srrl
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