Overview of Emissions TreatmentOverview of Emissions Treatment Technologies … · 2019-06-24 ·...

Overview of Emissions TreatmentOverview of Emissions Treatment Technologies for Heavy-duty Engines

Mr. R. BrückAECC Technical Steering Committee

AECC Technical Seminar on Heavy-duty Engine Emissionson Heavy-duty Engine Emissions

Brussels, 25 October 2007

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Contents

• Introduction• Diesel Oxidation Catalysts • Particulate Filters• Particulate Filters

– Wall-flow particulate filtersP ti l fl ti l t filt– Partial-flow particulate filters

• Selective Catalytic reduction– SCR catalysts– Sensors

• Applications

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PM vs NOx (ESC test): 2002-2006

0,1802002

0,140

0,1602002

0,100

0,120

kWh Euro III limits

Euro III limits (<0.75dm3 & >3000min-1 rated power speed)

0,060

0,080

PM

g/k

0,020

0,040Euro IV limitsEuro V limits

0,000

,

0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00

O / Source: KBA data

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NOx g/kWh Source: KBA data, June 2002, January 2006, March 2007

PM vs NOx (ESC test): 2002-2006

0,1802002 2006

0,140

0,1602002 2006

0,100

0,120

kWh Euro III limits

Euro III limits (<0.75dm3 & >3000min-1 rated power speed)

0,060

0,080PM

g/k

0,020

0,040

Euro IV limitsEuro V limits

0,0000,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00

NOx g/kWh Source: KBA data

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NOx g/kWh Source: KBA data, June 2002, January 2006, March 2007

PM vs NOx (ESC test): 2002-2006

0.1802002 2006 2007 (Euro V & EEV data)

0.140

0.1602002 2006 2007 (Euro V & EEV data)

0.100

0.120

kWh Euro III limits

Euro III limits (<0.75dm3 & >3000min-1 rated power speed)

0.060

0.080PM

g/k

0.020

0.040

Euro IV limitsEuro V limits

0.0000.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

NOx g/kWh Source: KBA data

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NOx g/kWh Source: KBA data, June 2002, January 2006, March 2007

Euro V & EEV diesels at Hanover IAA Show September 2006Show September 2006

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Engine Technologyg gy(engine out emissions)

Emissions ControlTechnologiesTechnologies

Tailpipe Emissions

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One view of a future engine

ETC cycle demands on the engine raw emissions and PM i t t i i li it (MAN)

Euro Stage

Limit ValueNOx g/kWh /

Raw emissions

~max. EGR rate (%)

CR Injection pressure

Turbo PM Conversion

on PM conversion to meet emissions limits (MAN)

Stage NOx g/kWh / PM mg/kWh

emissions NOx g/kWh / PM mg/kWh

rate (%) pressure (bar)

Conversion (%)

IV 3 5 / 30 3 3 / 50 18 20 1600 1 stage 60IV 3.5 / 30 3.3 / 50 18 – 20 1600 1 stage 60

V 2.0 / 30 1.8 / 60 25 - 30 1800 - 2000 2 stage inter

65inter-

cooled“VI” 1.0 / 20 0.9 / 60 30 - 35 2400 - 2500 2 stage

inter-75

cooled

Source: MAN; 26. Internationales Wiener Motorensymposium 2005

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E i i C t l T h l iEmissions Control Technologies

Di l O id ti C t l t (DOC)- Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)=> Conversion of HC and CO

- Diesel Particulate Filters=> Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number)=> Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number)

Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR)- Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR)=> NOx Reduction

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Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC)

Source: MAN

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E i i C t l T h l iEmissions Control Technologies

Di l O id ti C t l t (DOC)- Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)=> Conversion of HC and CO

- Diesel Particulate Filters=> Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number)=> Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number)

Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR)- Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR)=> NOx Reduction

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Wall-flow particulate filters for light-duty and heavy-duty applicationsduty and heavy-duty applications

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Wall-flow particulate filters

1,00E+07

gDp[

cm-3

]

1400 rpm/50% loadwithout trap

Engine-out 1E+05

1E+06tio

n dN

/dlo

g

Engine out

1E+04

1E+05

conc

entr

at

clean room ambient air1400 rpm/50% loaddownstream of the trap

1E+03

0

num

ber

10 100Post-DPF

Measurement by Matter Engineering Ingenieurschule Biel

10 100mobility diameter [nm]

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Partial-flow particulate filters for light-duty and heavy-duty applicationsduty and heavy-duty applications

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Partial-flow particulate filter

Source: MAN, CTI Forum Abgastechnik, 2007

Source: AECC Member Company, CTI Forum Abgastechnik, 2007

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Worldwide DPF retrofit experiences

• Construction equipment• Construction equipment• Mining equipment• Materials Handling• Materials Handling• Refuse trucks• City and School busesCity and School buses• Stationary Diesel

Engines• Marine Vessels• Locomotives

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Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration technologiesregeneration technologies

• Engine control to increase exhaust gas temperature

Catalysed DPFCatalysed DPF

• Catalysed C-DPF

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Catalysed Particulate Filter (C-DPF)y ( )

Di t E h tPorous Filter Wall

Catalyst Plug

Dirty ExhaustInlet Channels

PlugCleaned ExhaustOutlet Channels

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Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration technologiesregeneration technologies

• Engine control to increase exhaust gas temperature

Catalysed DPFCatalysed DPF

• Catalysed C-DPF

OxidationDPF

Oxidation Catalyst

• Continuously Regenerating CR-DPF

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Continuously Regenerating Particulate Filter (CR DPF)(CR-DPF)

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Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration technologiesregeneration technologies

• Engine control to increase exhaust gas temperature

Catalysed DPFCatalysed DPF

• Catalysed C-DPF

OxidationDPF

Oxidation Catalyst

• Continuously Regenerating CR-DPF

Oxidation Catalyst DPFFBC

• DPF + Fuel Borne Additive

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Particle Filters using fuel-borne additiveg

22Source: PSA

Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration technologiesregeneration technologies

• Engine control to increase exhaust gas temperature

Catalysed DPFCatalysed DPF

• Catalysed C-DPF

OxidationDPF

Oxidation Catalyst

• Continuously Regenerating CR-DPF

Oxidation Catalyst DPFFBC

• DPF + Fuel Borne Additive

• (Off-line electrical / thermal regeneration)

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E i i C t l T h l iEmissions Control Technologies

Di l O id ti C t l t (DOC)- Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)=> Conversion of HC and CO

- Diesel Particulate Filters=> Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number)=> Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number)

Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR)- Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR)=> NOx Reduction

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Selective-Catalytic reduction (SCR)

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Urea SCR-system

> 85% NOx Exhaust Gas 85% NOx reduced

N2 H2O

Exhaust GasNOx NH3 O2

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Source: Bosch, drawing adapted

Chemistry of the SCR catalyst systemChemistry of the SCR catalyst system

SCR catalyst (S)

urea

(NH ) CO

SCR catalyst (S)

4NH3 + 4NO + O2 → 4N2 + 6H2O

2NH3 + NO + NO2 → 2N2 + 3H2O(NH2)2CO

exhaust

8NH3 + 6NO2 → 7N2 + 12H2O

H S OVexhaust

gas

Oxidation catalyst (O)

4NH3 + 3O2 → 2N2 + 6H2O

Oxidation catalyst (V)

2NO + O2 → 2NO2

4HC 3O 2CO 2H O

Hydrolysis catalyst (H)

(NH2)2CO + H2O → 2NH3 + CO2

4NH3 + 3O2 → 2N2 + 6H2O4HC + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O

2CO + O2 → 2CO2

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NOx and NH3 sensorsNOx and NH3 sensors

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Heavy-duty applications

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Marine vessels SCR systemEmission reduction in Baltic Sea maritime transport:Sea maritime transport:

Reducing the weighted overall NOx emission to overall NOx emission to levels below 2 g/kWh.

Main propulsion engines:0 6 resp 0 85 g/kWh NOx0.6 resp. 0.85 g/kWh NOx.

Auxiliary engines:0 2 /kWh NO0.2 g/kWh NOx.(according to SJÖFS 1997:28 at 75% load)

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Thank you for your attention

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