View
228
Download
2
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Our emerging approach to Our emerging approach to agricultural developmentagricultural development
October 18, 2006
Rajiv Shah, MDDirector, Agricultural DevelopmentBill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Who We Are
Bill and Melinda Gates believe every life has equal value. In 2000, they created the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to help reduce inequities in the United States and around the world.
- All lives—no matter where they are being led—have equal value.
- To whom much has been given, much is expected.
Two values lie at the core of the foundation’s work:
Foundation History, Results, and Learning
• 1 million children's lives saved by GAVI immunization effort
• 12,911 scholarships supported to date
• 48,000 HIV+ patients in Botswana receiving treatment through ACHAP
• 4.2 million condoms distributed by Avahan in India
• 1,123 new, affordable housing units due to Sound Families Initiative
Select Results:
Grant making To Date:
Core Challenges:
• Strategic risk taking
• Role of partnerships
• Learning through successes and through failures
Our Approach to Agricultural Development
Our strategy:
-Focus on a target market
-Strategic initiatives
- Data, policy and advocacy
- Market access
- Input utilization
- Science and technology
-Build partnerships for scale and success
-Invest, measure, learn and recalibrate
-Share results and listen to outside voices
- Initial observations- Development- Inequity
- Lessons learned- Science and
technology- Perspective of the
small farmer- Rural development
- Our approach- The problem- Initial strategy- Vision of success
Target Market: The state of undernourishment today
Undernourishment: Defined as “consuming too little food to maintain normal levels of activity” (WDI 2006).
According to FAO undernourishment occurs at calorie consumption below 1,900 calories a day.
Map is based on WDI 2006 and United Nations Populations Prospects Database (2004 Revision)
Underlying population data represents 2005; undernourishment data represents 2000 - 2004
Approximate number of undernourished in developing world: 0.83 billion
Target Market: Many key trends are not moving in the right direction
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001
Maize yield (Hg/Ha)
WorldSouth AsiaSub-Saharan
North America
CAGR = 2.13%
CAGR = 2.15%
CAGR = 1.60%
CAGR = 0.7%
- Over the last 15 years the number of Africans living below the poverty line ($1/day) has increased by 50%
- It is estimated that almost 200 million people in Africa, or over one-third of the population, suffers from hunger
- In the past five years alone, the number of underweight children in Africa has risen by approximately 12%
(IFPRI, 2005)
Crop yields and agricultural output in SSA is not keeping up with population growth or productivity in other parts of the world.
Example: Promoting Access to Markets
Goal: Demonstrate scaleable models of improving small holder farmer access to markets in order to double 2005 adoption rates of improved technologies and improve farm income and household welfare
Early activities:- RFP issued
-1300 concept notes reviewed
Early thinking on strategy:- Both demand and supply-
driven strategies are needed
- Farmers need access to relevant information and local exchanges
- Unique approach at each market level: local, province, nation, region, OECD
- Must be responsive to each unique environment
Example: Develop and improve the utilization of new input technologies
Crop improvementCreate improved crop varieties suitable for the drought, disease, insect and soil fertility stresses of Africa and Asia in order to double attainable yield in selected key crops
Distribution channelsInvest in seed multiplication and distribution strategies
Example: Program for Africa’s Seed Systems
Activity Expected Results
Breeding crops for Africa - 100 improved crop varieties in 5 years
- Variety gap closed in 15 years
Training breeders - Training 50 PhD and 179 MSc crop scientists
Improving seed production and distribution
- Small-medium sized seed companies distributing improved seed to farmers through 20,000 trained and certified agro-dealers
- Improved seed planted on more than 1 million hectares, roughly 80% of produced by small-medium seed companies
- Supporting public extension as appropriate
Improving seed system policies
- Alleviating bottlenecks such as licensing and regulatory approval
- Advocating for change
Monitoring and evaluating impact
- 50% increase in land area cultivated with improved seed, leading to lower risk and 30% higher yields
- Quantify impact on poverty and hunger
GenomicsGene Banks
GlobalBreeding
Local VarietyBreeding
Foundation Seed
PublicChannels
PrivateChannels
PlantingHarvest
Public Sector/NGA Distribution
Bulk-upQuality Control
Packaging
GovernmentRegistrationMultiplication
Private SectorRegistrationMultiplication
SME Bulk-upQuality Control
Packaging
SMEMarketing
Distribution
Building an integrated approach for AfricaAFRICAN GREEN REVOLUTION ALLIANCE
(AGRA)
Major Initiatives
Develop effective seed system (PASS)
Improve use of other inputs: fertilizer and irrigation
Agricultural education & training
Link farmers to improved and equitable output markets
(at scale)
2006 20112016
Policy and political advocacy/support (ongoing)
Build capacity to be results-oriented, and begin to show impact
Build key political and operational stakeholder support
Attract major public and private financing to scale and sustain renewed African Green Revolution
Majorinitiatives
AdvocacyStrategy
Early Learnings and Key QuestionsEarly Learnings Key Questions
Strategic focus and willingness to take risks will be key to our learning and impact
Correct strategic focus? Who are the best strategic partners?
Strong advocacy is necessary so others play the roles required for success
What is the appropriate role for others (business, governments, donors, etc)?
An input strategy must be led by a market demand strategy
What are the best ways to link farmers to markets without increasing their risk?
Complimentary inputs (seed, water, fertilizer) are critical
What is the appropriate business model for developing and delivering key inputs?
Crop science offers great promise What are the most effective ways to invest in product development?
Recommended