View
226
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Other Useful Books
Dictionaries:
Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 26th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1981.
Melloni's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1979.
Stedman's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 24th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1982.
Textbooks: Histology and Cytology
Arey LB: Human Histology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1974.
Leeson TS, Leeson CR: Histology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1981.
Lentz, TL: Cell Fine Structure. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1971.
Rhodin JAG: Histology, A Text and Atlas. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
Williams PL, Warwick R: Gray's Anatomy, 36th English edition. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1980.
Weiss L, Greep ROO: Histology, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977.
Wheater PR, Burkitt HG, Daniels VG: Functional Histology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1979.
Bloom W, Fawcett DW: A Textbook of Histology, Textbooks: Pathology 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1974.
Borysenko M, Borysenko J, Beringer T, Gustafson A: Functional Histology. A Core Text. Boston: Little, Brown, 1979.
Copenhaver WM, Kelly DE, Wood RL: Bailey's Textbook of Histology, 17th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1978.
Cowdry EV: A Textbook of Histology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1950.
Dyson RD: Cell Biology. A Molecular Approach, 2nd ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1978.
Elias H, Pauly JE, Burns ER: Histology and Human Microanatomy, 4th ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1978.
Fawcett DW: The Cell, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1981.
Gardner DL, Dodds TC: Human Histology, 3rd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1975.
Anderson WAD, Kissane JM: Pathology, 7th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1977.
Anderson WAD, Scotti TM: Synopsis of Pathology, 10th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1980.
Golden A: Pathology. Understanding Human Disease. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1982.
King D, Geller LM, Krieger P, Silva F, Lefkowitch JH: A Survey of Pathology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.
Robbins SL, Cotran RS: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1979.
Rosai J, Ackerman L: Ackerman's Surgical Pathology, 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1980.
Smith C: Core Pathology. Fundamental Concepts and Principles. Oradell, New Jersey: Medical Economics, 1981.
Willis RA: Pathology of Tumours, 4th ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967.
Ham AW, Cormack DH: Histology, 8th ed. Phila-delphia: Lippincott, 1979. Textbooks: Embryology
Junqueira LC, Carneiro J: Basic Histology, 3rd ed. Los Altos: Lange Medical Publications, 1980.
Arey LB: Developmental Anatomy, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1974.
461
462 Other Useful Books
Balinsky, BI: An Introduction to Embryology, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981.
Corliss EC: Patten's Human Embryology. Elements of Clinical Development. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.
Langman J: Medical Embryology, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1981.
Atlases
Curran RC: Color Atlas of Histopathology, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972.
Di Fiore MSH: Atlas of Human Histology, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1981.
Fujita T, Tanaka K, Tokunaga J: SEM Atlas of Cells and Tissues, 2nd ed. Tokyo and New York: Igaku-Shoin, 1981.
Gasser RF: Atlas of Human Embryos. Hagerstown, Maryland: Harper and Row, 1975.
Hammarsen F: Histology. Baltimore, Munich: Urban and Schwarzenburg, 1980.
Kessel RG, Kardon RH: Tissues and Organs. A Text-Atlas of Scanning Electron Microscopy. San Francisco: WH Freeman, 1979.
Leeson TS, Leeson RC: A Brief Atlas of Histology. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1979.
O'Rahilly R: A Color Atlas of Human Embryology. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1975.
Reith EJ, Ross MH: Atlas of Descriptive Histology, 3rd ed. Hagerstown, Maryland: Harper and Row, 1977.
Rhodin JAG: An Atlas of Histology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975.
Sandritter W: Color Atlas of Histopathology, 6th ed. Chicago: Yearbook Medical Publishers, 1979.
Methods for Microscopy
Chayen J, Bitensky L, Butcher RG: Practical Histochemistry. London: John Wiley and Sons, 1973.
Feteanu A: Labeled Antibodies in Biology and Medicine. Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England: Abacus Press and New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978.
Hayat MA: Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy. Biological Applications. Vols. 1, 2, 3. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1970.
Hamashima Y: Immunohistopathology. Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin and Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1976.
Luna L: Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.
Galigher AE, Kozloff EN: Essentials of Practical Microtechnique, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1971.
Pearse AGE: Histochemistry. Theoretical and Applied, Vol. 1, 4th ed, 1980. Vol., 2, 3rd ed, 1972. New York: Churchill Livingstone.
Preece A: A Manual for Histologic Technicians, 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1965.
Troyer H: Principles and Techniques ofHistochemistry. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980.
Trump BR, Jones RT: Diagnostic Electron Microscopy. Vol. 1. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1978.
Index
Acetylcholine, neurotransmitter, 126, 127 Acidophilia, Leydig cells, 398 Acid phosphatase, serum, 416 Acinus
pancreas, 254 pancreatic ducts, 256
Acne vulgaris, 210 Acrosin, 379 Acrosome, 405 Acrosome reaction, 379 ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone), 317, 318-
320, 342, 344 Actin, 28, 29, 50, 101
skeletal muscle, 104 Addison's disease, 344 Adenocarcinoma, 278 Adenoids, 182, 226 Adenoma, 338 Adenylate cyclase, 18 Adenyl cyclase, 314, 342, 398 ADH (antidiuretic hormone), 252, 308, 321 Adhesions
abdominal, 218 of iris, 433 pleural, 284 serosal, 218
Adipocytes, 69, 73 in connective tissue, 69, 77
Adrenal cortex adult, 339 disorders, 344 fetal, 339 structure and function, 339-344 zona fasciculata, 339, 342 zona glomerulosa, 339 zona reticularis, 342
Adrenal glands blood supply, 339 components, 336-338 cortex, 339-346 development, 336
Adrenal glands (Cont.) disorders, 344 medulla, 346-348 stroma, 338-339
Adrenal medulla control, 346-348 disorders, 348 hormones, 346 structure, 346
Adrenogenital syndrome, 346 Adventitia, 218, see also Tunica adventitia Agenesis, 449 Aging, 447-448 Albinism, 427 Aldosterone, 252, 306, 339 Alpha cells, islets of Langerhans, 354 Alveolar ducts, macrophage, sacs, see under the
nouns Alveolus(i), 273, 282-284, 287, 289
tooth, 219 Ameloblast, 219 Amino acid oxidase, 42 Amino acids, 5 Ampulla(ae)
ear, 435, 442 oviduct, 366-368 vas deferens, 411 of Vater, 256, 258
Amylase pancreatic, 254 salivary (ptyalin), 252
Anaphase, 50 Anaphylaxis, 148 Anastomosis, arteriovenous, 154, 155 Anatomic pathology, application of, 3 Androgens, 342, 398, 400 Anemia, 172
hemolytic, 305 pernicious, 232
Aneurysm, 148 cerebral artery, 146
464 Index
Angiotensin, 306, 339 Angiotensinogen, 306 Annular pancreas, 253 Annuli fibrosi, 138, 139, 141 Anterior chamber, eye, 422 Anthracosis, 186, 286 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 308 Antrum, 362 Anus, 216, 244 Aorta, 144-146 Aplasia, 449 Appendix, 182, 242 Appositional growth, 85 Aqueous humor, 426, 432 Arachnoid, 132 Area cribrosa, 308 Areola, breast, 206 Arrector pili muscles, 210 Arteriole, 148, 149, 154
glomerular afferent, 296, 306, 308 glomerular efferent, 296, 308
Arteriosclerosis, 146-148,447 Artery(ies), 144-148
arcuate, 308 arterioles, 148, 149, 154 basal, uterus, 370 elastic, 144-146 helicine, penis, 420 hepatic, 258 interlobar (rena!), 308 meningeal, 132 metarterioles, 148, 154 muscular, 146 penicillar, spleen, 188 renal,308 spiral, uterus, 370 testicular, 396 trabecular, spleen, 188 white pulp, spleen, 188
Ascorbic acid, 76 Asthma, 278 Astrocytes
fibrous, 118 protoplasmic, 118
Atelectasis, lung, 280, 284 ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 34 ATPase (adenosinetriphosphatase), 18,34
skeletal muscle, 108 Atrophy, 103,449 Atrioventricular block, 144 Auditory meatus, 432, 434-436 Auditory system, 436-440
and excessive noise, 443 external ear, 436
Auditory system (Cont.)
inner ear bony labyrinth, 437 membranous labyrinth of cochlea, 437-440
middle ear, 436-437 Auditory tube, 226, 436 Auricle, 435, 436 Autolysis, 8
B
Barr body, 22, 24 Basal body, 44, 45 Basal lamina
of alveolar septum, 285 urinary filter, 296
Basement membrane arteriole, 148 definition, 55, 56 of eye, 424, 425 hair, 210 intestine, 235 merocrine sweat glands, 206 thyroid epithelium, 326 vein, 152
Basophil, 164, 165, 168 in connective tissue, 69 of pituitary, 317, 319
Basophilia, 158 cytoplasmic, 29
Beta cells, islets of Langerhans, 354 Biliary system, extrahepatic, 268-270
ducts, 268-270 gallbladder, 270
Bilirubin, 158, 192 Bipolar cells, retinal, 427-429 Birds, for the, 1-463 Bivalent, 404, 407 Bladder
gall,270 urinary, 63, 311, 312
Blastocyst, 380 Blood, 157-172
plasma, 157 smear, 157, 159, 164 types, 158
Blood-brain barrier, 130 Blood cells, 157-165, see also cell types
counts, 157, 170 formation, 166-169
Blood pressure regulation, 306 Blood-testis barrier, 401, 402 Blood-thymus barrier, 179
B lymphocyte, 69,174-176,178-180 antibodies, 176 bursa-equivalent, 180 in GALT, 182 in lymph nodes, 186 in spleen, 190 in tonsils, 182
Body(ies) Barr, 22 Herring, 320 Nissl, 116 psammoma, 350 residual, 42
spermatozoon, 405 Bone, 84-99
canaliculi, 86, 89 canals
Haversian, 86, 91 Volkmann's, 86, 91
cells osteoblasts, 86, 89 osteoclasts, 88-89 osteocytes, 86, 89
compact, 86 composition, 84-86 diaphysis, 92 epiphysis, 92 fracture, 98-99 gross organization, 86 and hormonal disorders, 337 growth, 92, 93 lamellae, 86 marrow, 88
role in blood cell formation, 166-167 matrix, 88 medullary cavity, 86 ossification
endochondral, 88, 93 intramembranous, 88, 93 periosteum, 88
remodeling, 94-95 resorption, 92 spongy, 86 structure, 91 trabeculae, 86, 91 turbinate, 276
Bony labyrinth ear, 437 Bowman's capsule, 296, 300 Bowman's glands, 274 Bowman's membrane, 424 Brain, 114, 130
gray matter, 114, 130 meninges, relationship to, 132 white matter, 114, 130
Breast, 206-207, 209 lactating, 390, 391 pregnancy, 390-392 tumors, 453
Bronchioles, 273, 274, 280, 287, 289 Bronchus, 274, 276, 278, 279, 289 Brush border, 44
Index 465
proximal renal tubule, 302 Bulbocavernosus muscle, 420 Bulbourethral glands (of Cowper), 414, 416 Bundle
atrioventricular, 144 His, 144 nerve (fascicle), 124
Bundle branch block left, 144 right, 144
Bursa equivalent, 180, 182 Bursa of Fabricius, 180
c
Calcification, 94 of annulus fibrosus, 140 dental,219 of laryngeal cartilages, 276
Calcitonin, 84, 92, 329 Calcium
maintenance, serum level of, 334 in muscle, 106 regulation by parathyroid, 334
Calyces, renal, 292, 310 Canal(s)
auditory, 430 of Hering, 260, 266 hyaloid, 432 root, teeth, 219 of Schlemm, 423, 432, 433 semicircular, 435, 442
Canalicul us(i) bile, 258, 260 bone, 86 lacrimal, 432 secretory, gastric, 232
Capacitation, 379 Capillary(ies), 150-152
alveolar, 285 continuous endothelium, 150 fenestrated endothelium, 150, 297, 299 glomerular, 296-297, 299, 301 in myocardium, 141 sinusoid, 150
Carboxypeptidase, 254
466 Index
Carcinoma bladder, 63 cervical, 376, 451 colon, 453 cytolysis, 177 epidermal squamous, 198 epithelial dysplasia, 451 lip, 223 lung, 63 metastatic to
bone marrow, 171 lung, 453 lymph node, 187
prostate, 416--417, 447 stratified squamous, 63, 179 teratocarcinoma, 456--457 uterine, 388-389, 451
Cardia, gastric, 227, 230 Cardiac conduction system, 142-144, 145
atrioventricular bundle, 144, 145 atrioventricular node (AVN), 144, 145 bundle branches, 144, 145 bundle of His, 144, 145 contraction, 144 depolarization, 142, 144 Purkinje fibers, 144, 145 sinoatrial node (SAN), 142-144, 145
Cardiac dysrhythmias, 142, 144 Cardiovascular system, 135-155
components, 138-155 functional correlations, 154, 155 organization, 135-138 receptors, sensory, 154, 155
Cartilage, 83-84 degeneration, 84 growth,84 matrix, 83 nutrition, 84 types
elastic, 84 fibrous, 84 hyalin, 83
Catalase, 42 Catecholamine, 346 Cathepsins, 40 Cell(s), 1, 4, 13-53. See also specific kinds and sub-
structures alveolar type I, 282, 283, 285 alveolar, type II, 282, 283, 285 blood, 157 cycle, 50-51, 454-456 electric coupling, 46 end, 50 histogenesis, 455 intestinal columnar, 235
Cell(s) (Cant.) junctions, 46 meiosis, 50, 52, 407 mitosis, 32, 50-53 membrane, see Plasmalemma nucleus, 20 peg, of oviduct, 366 structural organization, 18
Cell surface, specialization of, 44-48 Cellular growth, variations in, 449-453 Cementoblasts, 219 Cementocytes, 219 Cementum, 219 Central nervous system, see Nervous system, cen
tral Centrioles, 15, 17, 32, 50
basal bodies, 32, 44-45 Centroacinar cells, 255, 256 Centromere, 50, 404, 406 Cerebrospinal fluid, 130-133 Cerumen, 206 Cervix, uterine. 61, 373, 377 Chambers, anterior and posterior, eye, 432 Chief cells, stomach, 232
parathyroid, 332 Cholecystokinin, 235, 270 Cholesterol, 262 Cholinesterase, 127 Chondroblast, 83 Chondrocyte, 85 Chordae tendinae, 138 Choriocapillary layer of eye, 426 Choriocarcinoma, 388, 389 Chorion, 384 Chorion frondosum, 386 Chorion laeve, 386 Choroid, eye, 426 Choroid plexus, 120, 130-132 Chromaffin cells, 346 Chromatid, 404, 406 Chromatin, 22, 60,68, 160, 162, 176 Chromatolysis, 134 Chromophobe, 317 Chromosomes, 15, 22, 24
meiosis, sperm and egg, 52 at metaphase, 20, 22
Chylomicron, 235 Chyme, 227 Chymotrypsinogen, 254 Cilia, 15, 32, 44-46
oviductal, 46, 379 Ciliary body, 423, 426, 429 Ciliary motion, 44 Ciliary muscle, eye, 426, 429 Ciliary process, 426, 429
Cinematography, time-lapse, 52 Circulatory system, 137 Cirrhosis, liver, 68, 226, 268, 458 Cistern
cardiac muscle, 110 endoplasmic reticulum, 36 nuclear, 20, 29 plasma cells, 176 terminal, skeletal muscle, 106 unit membrane, 36
Citric acid, 416 Clitoris, 378 Coagulation, 164 Cochlea, 437 Colchicine, 29 Collagen, 56, 74
basal lamina of basement membrane, 56 bony matrix, 88 in cardiac valve cusps, 138 in connective tissue, 67, 69, 72, 77 in elastic arteries, 146 epimysium, muscle, 108 in skeletal muscle, 108 in veins, 152 Type I, II, III, IV, 74
Collagenase, 40, 69 Colloid, ground substance, 26 Colon, 216, 242-244 Colostrum, 390 Column
anal (of Morgagni), 244 renal (of Bertin), 292
Complex(es) Golgi,38 juxtaglomerular, 306
Conceptus, 382-386 Cones, retinal, 427 Coni vasculosi, 410 Conjunctiva, 432, 433 Connective tissue, 67-81
adipose, 77 brain, 132 cell types, 68-72 dense, 77
irregular, 77 regular, 77
dermis, 197, 200-201, 205 fibers, 72-76
collagenous, 72-74 elastic, 76 reticular, 74-76
ground substance, 67, 76 hypodermis, 197,201,205 loose, 76
Connective tissue (Cant.) meninges, 132-133 scar, 68
Contact inhibition, 20 Contraction, 102
depolarization, 108
Index 467
molecular reorientation mechanism, 106 repolarization, 108 skeletal muscle, 106 sliding filament theory, 106 smooth muscle, 102
Cords, vocal, 274, 276 Cornea, eye, 422-426 Corneal epithelium, 424 Corona radiata, 362 Coronary artery occlusion, 146 Corpora amylacea, 414 Corpora arenacea. See Psammoma bodies Corpora cavernosa, 418 Corpus albicans, 363 Corpus atreticum, 364 Corpus spongiosum, 418, 419 Corpuscle
muscle, 110 Pacinian, 127 renal, 294 tactile (of Meissner), 127 thymic (Hassall's), 179
Corpus albicans, 365 Corpus luteum, 363, 365, 367 Corpus spongiosum, 418 Cortex
adrenal, 339-346 fetal, 336, 339, 343
bone, 84 cerebral, 132 renal, 292
Corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), 324, 344 Cortisol, 342 Cotyledon, placental, 384 Cowper, glands of, 416 Cranium, 132 Cremasteric reflex, 396 Cremaster muscle, 396 Cretinism, 330 Cristae mitochondriales, 34 Crown, tooth, 219 Crypt
intestinal (of Lieberkuhn), 234-238 tonsillar muscosa, 182, 224, 226, 276
Cryptorchid testis, 408 Cumulus oophorus, 361, 362 Cusps, cardiac valve, 138 Cutaneous appendages, 204 Cuticle, hair, 210
468 Index
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), 314, 342, 398
Cytokinesis, 50 Cytology, exfoliative, 196 Cytoplasm, 26-43
ground substance, 26--28 cell center, 28 ectoplasm, 28 endoplasm, 28
Cytoplasmic basophilia, 29 Cytotrophoblast, 380
D
Dartos, 418 Decidua basalis, 382 Decidua capsularis, 382 Decidual cells, 388 Decidua parietalis, 382 Dehydroepiandrosterone, 342 Demilune of Gianuzzi, 253 Dendritic cells, spleen, 190 Dense connective tissue, 77 Dentinal tubules, 219 Deoxyribonuclease, 254 Deoxyribonucleic acid, see DNA Dephosphorylation of ATP, in contraction ofskele-
tal muscle, 106 Depolarization
neural membrane, 127 of photoreceptors, 421, 428 sarcolemmal, 127
Dermatitis, contact, 201 Dermatoglyphics, 195-196 Dermis, 197, 200 Descemet's membrane, 424 Desmosome, 29, 46
of cardiac muscle, 110 of stratum spinosum, epidermis, 196
Diabetes insipidus, 308 Diabetes mellitus, 192, 356 Diapedesis, 150 Diaphragm, fenestrated capillary, 150 Diaphysis, 88 Digestive system, tubular, 215, 245
organization, 215-216 structure, 216--218
Dilator pupillary, 426 Disc, intercalated, cardiac, 110 Disc, optic, 430 Distal tubule, renal, 304 Diurnal rhythms, 350-352 Diverticula, 244 Diverticulosis, 243
Diverticulum, ileal (of Meckel), 240 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), 22, 34, 50
replication, 53 DNase, 40 Dopa reaction, 198, 202 Duct(s)
alveolar, 273, 274, 280, 281, 283 cochlear, 435, 437, 439-441 common bile, 258, 268 cystic, 270 ejaculatory, 411 endolymphatic, 444 gallbladder (cystic), 268 pancreatic, 256
of Santorini, 256 of Wirsung, 256
renal papillary (of Bellini), 292, 308 right lymphatic, 192 salivary, 248-253
function, 252 testicular, 410-414 ventral rudiment, pancreas, 253 Wharton's, 253
Ductuli efferentes, 410-411 Ductus deferens, 411, 413 Ductus epididymis, 411 Duodenum, 240 Dura mater, 132 Dust cells, lung, 284 Dyad,404 Dysplasia, 450
mammary, 208
E
Ear, 434-444 auditory system, see Auditory system vestibular system, 440-444
Ear drum. See Tympanic membrane Ectopic pregnancy, 388 Edema, 76 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 72-74 Ejaculatory duct, 411 Elastin, 76
artery, 146 vein, 152
Electron transport system, 35, 44 Ellipsoid, splenic, 188 Embolism, pulmonary, 152 Enamel, tooth, 219 Endocarditis, bacterial, 138 Endocardium, 138 Endocrine glands, 314 Endocytosis, 18, 64, see also Phagocytosis
Endolymph, 434, 437, 442-444 Endometriosis, ectopic, 373, 377 Endometrium, 368-370, 375
after birth, 382 changes in menstruation, 368, 370 implantation, 383
Endoneurium, 124 Endoplasmic reticulum, 15, 20, 29, 36-37
plasma cells, 69, 176 neurons (Nissl bodies), 116 rough (RER), 36, 40, 50, 64 smooth (SER), 36, 40
Endothelium of alveolar septum, 285 cardiovascular, 135, 151 vascular, urinary filter, 296
Enteroendocrine (APUD) cells, 62, 232, 235 of trachea and bronchi, 276
Enteroglucagon,232 Enzyme, hydrolytic, 40 Eosinophil, 162, 163, 168 Ependymocyte, 120 Epicardium, 138, 142 Epidermis, 196 Epididymis, 8, 410 Epinephrine, 346 Epineurium, 124 Epiphysis, bone, 92
pineal, 348 Epithelium, 55-66
basement membrane, 56 basal lamina, 56 reticular lamina, 56
of Bowman's capsule, 296-297 bronchial, 277, 280, 287 ciliated, 62, 287
nasal, 276 classification, 55-56 conducting, 277, 280 definition, 55 eye, conjunctival fornix, 62 follicular, 362 gastrointestinal, 58 germinal, 360 glandular, 64-66. See also specific gland glomerular, 296 keratinized stratified squamous, 29
nasal, 276 of kidney, 58 non-ciliated, bronchial, 287 olfactory, 275 oviductal, 367 pigment, 429 respiratory, 282 spermatogenic, 400
Epithelium (Cant.) types, 57
mesothelium, 56
Index 469
nonkeratinized stratified squamous, 60 pseudostratified columnar, 62 pseudostratified transitional, 62 simple columnar, 58 simple cuboidal, 58 simple squamous, 56-58 stratified columnar, 62 stratified cuboidal, 62 stratified squamous, 60 urethra, 62
vascular, urinary filter, 296 Erythrocytes, 158, 159
destruction by spleen, 192 Erythropoiesis, 166, 168, 169 Esophagus, 216, 226-227, 229 Escalator, mucociliary, 284 Estradiol, 315 Estrogen, 363, 386 Euchromatin, 22 Eustachian tube (auditory), 436 Exfoliative cytology, 196-197 Exocytosis, 19, 20, 42, 64 Eye, 421-433
adnexa, 432-433 development, 421-422, 423 structure, 422-432
cornea, 422, 424 iris, 426 layers, 427 lens, 430 rods and cones, 427 sclera, 422 tunica fibrosa, 422 tunica interna (retina), 427 tunica vasculosa, 426
Eyelids, 432
F
Fallopian tubes, see Oviducts Feedback inhibition, 314
pituitary, 324 Fenestration, hepatic sinusoid, 264 Ferritin, 192 Fertilization, 379-380 Fetoplacental unit, 388 Fiber(s)
connective tissue, 68, 72, 74, 76, 79, 81, 91 elastic, spleen, 186 intrafusal, muscle spindle, 127 muscle, 101
470 Index
Fiber(s) (Cont.) nerve, bundle, 124 Purkinje, 144, 145 reticular, 102
as lymphoid stroma, 174 sensory nerve, 130 Sharpey's, 88 zonular, 423, 426, 428, 429
Fibrin, 157, 165 Fibrinogen, 157 Fibroblasts, 68, 71, 79, 81, 108 Fibroma, 68, 70 Fibrosis, 77 Filter, urinary, 296-300 Filtration angle, 429, 432, 433 Fimbria, oviduct, 366 Fluid
aqueous humor, eye, 426, 432 bile, 270 cerebrospinal (CSF), 130, 132 endolymph,434 gastric, 227 menstrual, 372 ovarian follicular, 363 oviductal, 366 perilymph, 434 preejaculatory, 420 prostatic, 420 saliva, 248 semen, 420 sexual lubrication, female, 378 tear, 432
Fold(s) and columns (of Morgagni), 244 junctional, 126 plicae circulares, 234, 238 vocal, 275, 276
Follicle, Graafian, 363 Follicle, ovarian, 360-362
atresia, 364 corpus luteum, 363 development, 362-363 ovulation, 363
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 318, 401, 408, 409
Foramen, apical, 219, 221 Foreign body reaction, 71 Fornix
superior conjunctival, 432 vaginal, 373
Fossa navicularis, 420 Fovea, 430, 431 Fracture, bone, 94
healing, 98 Fundus, gastric, 227, 230
G
I3-Galactosidase, 40 Gallbladder, 270 Gametes, 52 GALT, see Gut-associated lymphoid tissue Ganglion
autonomic, 124-126 cells, 124-126
of retina, 427, 429, 430 of sinoatrial node, 144
cranial, 114, 124-126 parasympathetic, 124-126 spinal, 114, 124-126 sympathetic, 124-126
Gastric areas, 227 Gastric glands, 230
chief (zymogenic) cells, 232 enteroendocrine (argentaffin, APUD) cells, 230,
232 mucous neck cells, 230 parietal (oxyntic) cells, 230-232
Gastric pits (foveolae), 227, 232 Gastrin, 232, 356 Gastritis, 232 Genitalia, female, 357, 381
development, 358 external, 378
Germinal center, 178, 186 Gigantism, 317 Gingiva, 219 Glands, 64-66. See also individual glands
acinar, 64, 65 adrenal, 336-348 cardiac, pharyngeal, 226 definition, 64 development, 64 duodenal (of Brunner), 240 endocrine, 64-66
corpus luteum, 363, 365, 367 follicles, 66 hypothalamus, 324-325 secretory clumps, 66
exocrine, 64-66 acinar, 64 apocrine, 66 compound, 64-66 holocrine, 66 merocrine, 66 simple, 64 tubular, 64, 65 tubuloacinar, 64
gastric, 230-234 goblet cells, 58 male reproductive, 414-417
Glands (Cont.) mammary, 206-207, 209, 390-392 of Moll, 206 parathyroid, 332-336 pineal, 348-350 pituitary, 316 salivary, 248-252 sebaceous, 207, 211 serous, 225 sweat, 197, 204-205, 209
apocrine, 206 merocrine, 206
thyroid, 326-331 vestibular (of Bartholin), 378
Glands, digestive system definition, 247 extrahepatic biliary system, 268-270 liver, 258-268 pancreas, 253-256 parotid, 251, 252 sublingual, 249, 251, 253 submandibular, 249, 251, 252 salivary, 247-253
Glans, penis, 418 Glans clitoridis, 378 Glaucoma, 432, 433 Glial cells (neuroglia), 118-121
astrocytes, 116, 118-121 ependymocytes, 120, 121 microglia, 120, 121 oligodendrocytes, 116, 120, 121
Glomerular epithelium, 296 Glomerulonephritis, 300
membranous, 298, 300 Glomerulus, 296-301 Glomus, plantar surface, 212 Glucagon, 69, 354, 356 Glucocorticoids, 342 Glucose, 356 a-Glucosidase, 40 Glycocalyx, 20, 46
erythrocyte, 158 hepatocyte, 264
Glycogen, 104 cardiac conduction fiber, 144 hepatic, 260-262 motor end-plate, 127 muscle, 104 vaginal, 378
Glycogenolysis, 346 Glycoprotein, of skeletal muscle, 104 Glycosaminoglycan, 46
in basal lamina, 56 in cartilage, 83 in connective tissue, 76
Goblet cells, 235 Goiter, 329 Golgi apparatus, 15, 17, 36, 38-39
absorptive cells, intestinal, 235 enteroendocrine cells, 232 functions, 38-40 glands, 64 neuron, 116 plasma cells, 176 Sertoli cells, 401
Gonadotroph, 318
Index 471
Gonadotrophin, 318, 358, 386, 388, 408, 409 Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GRH), 392 Gonorrhea, 368 Graafian follicle, 363 Granulosa cells, 362 Granulosa lutein cells, 363 Graves' disease, 330 Ground substance, 76 Growth, 449-452
appositional, cartilage, 84 interstitial, cartilage, 84 long bone diameter, 88 variations in cellular, 449-452
Gut, 215-245 Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), 182
appendix, 182 lamina propria, 182 tonsils, 182
H
Hair, 207-210 Hassall's corpuscles, 179 Haversian system, 86 Heart, 138-144 Helix, double, DNA, 22 Hemangioma, 150 Hematocrit, 157,446,447 Hematopoietic disease, 170-172 Hemoglobin, 158 Hemorrhage
retroplacental, 388 subarachnoid, 132 subdural, 132
Hemorrhoids, 244 Hemosiderin, 28, 69, 264 Henle's loop, 294, 304 Heparin, 69, 164 Hepatocyte, 40, 50, 258, 260-264
cholesterol synthesis, 262 electron microscopy of, 262 glycogen, 262
472 Index
Hepatocyte (Cont.) Golgi apparatus, 262 lipoproteins, 262 lysosomes and peroxisomes, 262 mitochondria, 262 plasmalemma, 264 response to drugs, 262 rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), 262 smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), 262 structure, 260-264
Hering, canals of, 260 Herring bodies, 320, 392 Heterochromatin, 22 Hilus, renal, 292 His, bundle of, 144 Histamine, 69, 164 Histiocytes, 68 Histochemistry, 2 Histology
basis of, 4 color in, 8
Histopathologic diagnosis autopsy in, 2-3 biopsy in, 3
Homeostatic mechanism, 154 Hormones, see also individual hormones
and mammary gland, 392-393 mechanisms of, 314-316, 324-325 and spermiogenesis, 408-409
Horseradish peroxidase, 8 Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), 318, 382 Hyaline cartilage, 74 Hyaline membrane disease, 282 Hyalouronidase, 379 Hydrogen peroxide metabolism, 42 Hyperplasia, 449
congenital adrenal cortical, 344 Hypertension, arterial, 148 Hyperthyroidism, 330 Hypertrophy, 103,449 Hypodermis, 201 Hypophysis, 315 Hypoplasia, 449 Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, 343-344 Hypothalamohypophyseal tract, 320 Hypothalamus, 307, 308, 315, 324 Hypothyroidism, 330
I
ICSH (interstitial-cell-stimulating-hormone), 398 Immobilization, 152 Immune system, 174
Immunity cellular, 176, 179 humoral, 176
Immunofluorescence, 2 Immunohistology, 8 Inclusions, cell, 28 Incus, 435 Infarction, 143, 146, 456, 459 Inflammatory response, in connective tissue, 68 Infundibulum, oviduct, 366 Infundibulum, pituitary, 315, 317 Inguinal canal, 396 Inhibin, 408 Insulin, 354-356 Intercalation, pancreatic ducts, 256 Interdigitation
actin-myosin filaments, 106 proximal tubule cells, 302
Interferon, 69 Interstitial cells
of Leydig, 398, 399 pineal,350
Interstitial-cell-stimulating-hormone, see ICSH Interstitial growth, 85 Intestine
large, 242-244 small, 216, 234-242
Intrinsic factor, 232 Invasion, 452, 453 Invasiveness, 452, 453 Iodine, 328--329 Iris, 426-427 Ischemia, 456, 458, 459
muscular arteries, 146--148 Isthmus, oviduct, 368
J
Jaundice, obstructive, 261 Jejunum, 240 Junction(s)
cardiac muscle, 110 fetal-maternal placenta, 388 intercellular, 15, 46-49
adhering, 46 gap (nexus), 46 muscle, 102 muscle-tendon, 108 myoneuronal, 126, 128
tight (occluding junction), 46 Junctional folds, 126 Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, 306 Juxtaglomerular complex, 306 Juxtamedullary nephron, 304
K
Karyokinesis, 50 Karyotype, 21 Keratin, 29, 60, 196 Keratinization, 60, 196 Keratinocytes, 198 Keratohyalin, 196 Keratosis, actinic (solar), 198 Kidneys, 291
blood supply, 309 development, 292 epithelium, 58 structure and function, 291-293
Krebs cycle, 34 enzymes, 34
Kupffer cells, 264, 265
L
Labia majora, 378 Labia minora, 378 Labyrinth, bony, ear, 434-444 Labyrinth, membranous, ear, 434-444 Lacrimal apparatus, 432 Lacrimal gland, 432 Lactation, 390--392, 393 Lacteal, 235 Lactiferous ducts, 207, 392 Lacunae
bone, 86 hepatic laminae, 258 hyalin cartilage, 83
Lamella, bone, 86 Lamellated corpuscles (of Pacini), 201 Lamina, hepatic, 258, 266 Lamina cribrosa, 422 Lamina propria, 162, 178, 182, 216, 235, 238, 242,
244,268 anal canal, 244 appendix, 242 colon, 244 definition of, 216 digestive, eosinophils in, 162 esophageal, 226 gallbladder, 270 gastric, 230 as lymphoid organ, 173, 178, 182 nasal cavity, 276 oviduct, 366 small intestine, 235, 238 trachea and bronchi, 278
Langerhans cells, 200
Langerhans, islets of, 256, 352-356 cells and hormones, 354 disorders, 356 organization, 352
Langer's lines, 201 Laryngopharynx, 226 Larynx, 273, 275, 276 Lens, 422, 425, 429-431 Lens epithelium, 422, 430, 431 Lens placode, 422, 425 Lens vesicle, 422, 425 Leptomeninges, 132 Leukemia, 170--172, 190 Leukocytes, 69, 160--165, 168
agranulocytes, 160, 161, 168 in connective tissue, 69 granulocytes, 162-165, 168
Leydig cells, 36, 398, 399 LH (luteinizing hormone), 318 Ligament, 77
suspensory, of lens, 426 Light-sensitive cells, retinal, 427 Lingual tonsils, 182 Lipofuscin, 116, 342 Lipolysis, 346 Lipoprotein synthesis, 40, 262 Lips, 219, 221, 223 Liver, 258
Index 473
bile ducts, development and structure of, 258-260
blood supply, 258 cirrhosis of, 68, 226, 268, 458 congestion (nutmeg liver), 266 disease, 261, 268-269 function, 264-268 Golgi complexes, 38 hepatocytes, 260--264 jaundice, 261 lobules, 264-266
Lobule hepatic
classic, 266 portal, 266
mammary gland, 390 pancreas, 253 pulmonary, 288 salivary gland, 248 testicular, 398
Loose connective tissue, 76 Lung, 288 Lutein cells, 363 Luteinizing hormone, 318, 398, 408, 409 Lymphatics, 184-186, 192, 286, 398
testicular, 398
474 Index
Lymph nodes, 184-186, 447 parenchyma, 186 sinuses, 184-186 stroma, 184 vessels, 184
Lymphocyte, 160, 161, 168, 174, 176 circulation, 193-194 differentiation, 178
Lymphoid organs, 178 appendix, 242 cell production, 179 nodes, 184 primary, 178-181 secondary, 182-192
Lymphoid tissue, 173 alveolar, 286 diffuse, 178 gut-associated, 182 ileal lymphoid (Peyer's) patches, 182, 240 lamina propria, 182 nasopharyngeal, 276 nodular, 178 organization, 178 structure, 174-176
Lymphokines,68 Lymphoma, 190, 193 Lymphopoiesis, 166 Lysine, 76 Lysosomal storage disease, 42
sphingomyelin lipidosis (Niemann-Pick disease), 42
Lysosomes, 15, 17,29,40-42,262 autophagosome, 42
of hepatocytes, 262 of neurons, 116 of neutrophils, 162
phagosome, 42 pinosome, 42
Lysozyme, 230, 232, 238
M
~acrophages, 68-69, 71, 162, 193 alveolar, 284, 287 hepatic, of Kupffer, 264, 265 in connective tissue, 68-69 microglia, 120 and Niemann-Pick disease, 42
~acula adherens, see Desmosome ~acula densa cells, 306 ~acula occludens, 46-47 ~alabsorption diseases, 234-235 ~ale reproductive system, 395
~alleus, 435 ~alpighian corpuscle, 294 ~alpighian layer, 210, 212 ~ammary gland
active, 390 lactating, 39
~arrow, bone, 84, 166 organization, 166
~ast cells, 69, 73, 79 in connective tissue, 69 in pineal, 350
~astoid air cells, 435, 437 ~astoid antrum, 437 ~atrix, 76
bone, 88 cartilage, 83
~eckel's diverticulum, 240-241 ~ediastinum, 284
testicular, 396 ~edicine, fields of biology in, 3 ~edullary pyramids, renal, 292 ~edullary rays, rental, 292 ~egakaryocytes, 166, 168, 169 ~eiosis, 50, 52, 404, 407 ~elanin, 198, 428, 429 ~elanocytes, 69, 198-200, 205 ~elanocyte-stimulating hormone (~SH), 320 ~elanogenesis, 198, 203 ~elanoma, 200, 203 ~elatonin, 350 ~embrane
basilar, 440, 441 Bowman's, 424, 425 Bruch's, 427, 429 Descemet's, 424, 425 fetal-maternal (Nitabuch's), 388 iridopupillary, 4 mucous, lymphoid tissue in, 173, 178 respiratory, 282 tectorial, 435, 439, 440 tympanic, 434, 437
~embranous labyrinth (cochlea), 437 ~eniere's disease, 444 ~eninges, brain and spinal cord, 132 ~enopause, 358, 451 ~enstrual cycle, 370-373 ~erkel cells, 200 ~esenchyme, 67, 81
extraembryonic, 384 ~esoderm, 166,200,316 ~esovarium, 358 ~etaphase, 50 ~etaplasia, 60, 449-450
squamous, 60
Metastasis, 186 Microfilaments, 15, 29, 31 Microscopy, 1, 8-11
dark field, 10 electron, 2, 5, 62
scanning, 5 light, 2, 62 phase contrast, 10 polarizing, 10 ultraviolet, 10
Microsections, 3 Microtechnique, ~
dehydration in, 4 embedding in, 4 fixation in, 4 infiltration in, 5
Microtome, 5 Microtubules, 15, 29, 31, 32, 44, 50 Microvillus(i), 15, 19, 44
intestinal, 234 stereocilia, 44
Middle ear, 436, 437 Milk, breast, 390 Mineralocorticoids, 339 Mitochondria, 15, 33
and Krebs cycle, 34-35 Mitosis, 50-53
spindle formation, 32 Modiolus, 436, 437, 439 Monocyte, 160, 161, 168 Morbid anatomy, see Anatomic pathology, applica-
tion of Morphologic criteria, 1 Motor end-plate, 126, 130 MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone), 320 Mucigen, 235 Mucin, 235 Mucosa, digestive, 216
epithelium, 216 gastric, 227-234 lamina propria, 216 small intestine, 234-240
Mucous surface cells, gastric, 227 Mucus, cervical, 373 Mucus formation in goblet cells, 235 Muller cells, 430 Mumps, 253 Muscle, 101-111
cardiac, 101,110 intercalated discs, 110 sarcomere, 110 T system, 110 T tubule, 110 Z line, 110
Muscle (Cont.) connective tissue, 81 differentiation, 110 hypertrophy, 110 regeneration, 110 skeletal, 101, 104-110
A band, 104, 106 contraction of, 107 endomysium, 108 fascicles, 108 H band, 106 I band, 104 innervation, 110 perimysium, 108 red, 108 sarcolemma, 104, 106 sarcomere, 104 T tubule, 106 white, 108 Z line, 104, 106
smooth, 101, 102 of blood vessels, 15, 146 of dermis, 201 of mammary gland, 206 reticular fibers, 102 of spleen, stroma, 186 of villi, 235
stapedius, 437
Index 475
Muscularis externa, pharynx, 226-227 Muscularis mucosae, 218, 235
respiratory, 276 Myasthenia gravis, 127 Myelin, 120 Myelination, 122 Myelopoiesis, 166, 168 Myenteric plexus, 221 Myocardial infarction, 108-109, 110, 142, 143 Myocardium, 138-143
conduction, 142 degeneration, 142 necrosis, 109,142 refractory period, 142
Myofibril cardiac, 110, 144 skeletal muscle, 104 smooth muscle, 102
Myofilament, skeletal muscle, 104 Myoglobin, 108 Myoid cells, 400 Myometrium, 370, 382
changes in pregnancy, 370 Myosin, 29, 50, 101
skeletal muscle, 104, 106 smooth muscle, 102
Myxedema, 330
476 Index
N
Nails, 212 Nasal cavities, 273, 274-276
ciliary motion, 276 goblet cells, 276 lymphoid tissue, 276
Nasopharynx, 226 Neoplasia, 452 Neoplastic change, 60 Nephron, 294, 302-303, 305 Nerve endings
encapsulated, 127-130 muscle spindles, 127-130 myoneural junction, 126-129 naked, 127 Pacinian corpuscles, 127 tactile corpuscles (of Meissner), 127
Nerve regeneration, 134 Nerves, 124
cranial, 114 spinal, 114 vestibular, 435, 442, 444
Nervous system. See also specific parts and tissues organization, 113-115 regeneration, 134
Nervous system, central (CNS), 113 choroid plexuses, 130, 131 gray matter, 116, 130, 131 histology, 130 interstitial space, 120 meninges, 132 nuclei, 130, 131 organization, 113 tracts, 130 white matter, 116, 130, 131
Nervous system, peripheral, 114, 115 autonomic nervous system, 114 cranial and spinal nerves, 114 histology, 124-130
end organs, 126-130 ganglia, 124-126 motor (efferent) endings, 126-127 nerves, 124 sensory (afferent) endings, 126, 154, 155
myelination, 122 neurilemmal cells (Schwann cells), 120
Neural crest, 120, 198, 336, 352 Neurilemmal (Schwann) cells, 120 Neurilemmoma, 124 Neuroblastoma, 348 Neuron, 116
axon, 114, 116 cell body (soma), 114
Neuron (Cont.) classification, 118 dendrite, 114, 116 neurotransmitter, 116 Nissl bodies, 116, 134
Neutrophil, 69, 73, 162 life span, 162
Nevus, 200, 202 Newborn
bone, 87 lung, 287 thymus, 179, 181
Niemann-Pick disease, 43 Nipple, breast, 206 Nissl bodies, see Endoplasmic reticulum, rough Nitabuch's membrane, 388 Node of Ranvier, 120 Norepinephrine, 69, 346 Normality, 103, 446 Nuclear envelope, 15, 20, 50 Nucleolus, 15, 26, 50 Nucleus, 15, 17, 20, 27
o
bilobed, 17 cardiac muscle, 110
of nervous system, 130 paraventricular, 320 supraoptic, 320
Occlusion, arterial, 147, 446, 447 Occlusion, venous, 153 Odontoblast, 219 Oligodendrocyte, 120 Oocyte, 360-362 Optic cup, 421, 425 Optic disc, 430 Optic vesicle, 421, 425 Oral cavity, 215, 218-226 Organ, 4 Organelles, 28-44 Organ of Corti, 440 Oropharynx, 226 Os, cervical, 373 Osseous spinal lamina, 437 Ossicles, 434, 435, 437, 440 Ossification center, 88 Osteoblasts, 86-89 Osteoclasts, 88-89 Osteocytes, 86-89 Osteolysis, 334 Osteomalacia, 92, 94 Osteon, 86, 91, 95
Osteoporosis, 94 Ostium, oviduct, 366 Otitis media, 437 Otolithic membrane, 442 Otoliths, 442 Oval window, ear, 439 Ovary, 359
atresia, 362 cortex, 360 follicles, 360-362, 451 germinal epithelium, 360 medulla, 360 structure, 360 tunica albuginea, 360
Oviduct, 359, 364--368 cilia, 46
Oxidative phosphorylation, 34 Ovulation, 359, 363, 365, 381 Oxyphil cell, 332 Oxytocin, 321, 323, 392
p
Pacemaker, see Sinoatrial node Pacinian corpuscle, 197, 205 Paired palatine tonsils, 182 Pampiniform plexus, 396 Pancreas, 253, 352
development of, 253 differentiation from parotid gland, 256 enzymes, 254 Langerhans, Islets of, 352-356 organization, 253-256 pathology of, 256
Pancreatitis, 256 Paneth cells, 238 Panniculus adiposus, 201 Papilla
blood vessels of skin, 212 connective, skin, 127 of tongue, 219, 224-225 hair, 207 optic, 430 renal, 292 renal medulla, 292
Papillary layer, dermis, 200 Papillary muscles, 138 Papilloma, choroid plexus, 120 Parafollicular (C) cells, 329 Paraganglia, 346 Paranasal sinuses, 273
Parathormone, 84, 92 Parathyroid gland, 327
disorders, 336 function, 334 organization, 332 parenchyma, 332 stroma, 332
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 334 Parenchyma
lymph node, 186 pancreas, 254-256 parathyroid, 332 spleen, 188 thymus, 179
Parenchymatous organs, 77 Parietal cells, 231 Parotid glands, 249, 252 Pars distalis, pituitary, 317 Pars intermedia, 320, 323 Pars nervosa, 320, 323 Pedicle
astrocyte, 118 Pelvis, renal, 292 Penis
erection, 420 organization, 418
Pepsin, 232
Index 477
Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), 188 Pericardium, 142 Perichondrium, 83 Pericyte, 150 Perilymph, 434, 437, 442 Perineurium, 124 Periodontal ligament, 219, 223 Periodontitis, 219, 222 Periosteum, 91, 133 Peristalsis, 102, 114 Peritoneum, 59
liver, 258 ovarian, 358 processus vaginal is, 396 visceral, 217, 221
Peritonitis, 220 Peroxidase, 42 Peroxisomes, 42, 262 Peyer's patches, 182 Phagocytosis, 18, 68, 162, 174 Pharynx, 216, 226, 273 Pheochromocytoma, 347, 348 Pheromone, 194, 207 Photons, 427 Photoreceptor cells, 427, 428, 430 Pia mater, 118, 132 PIF (prolactin inhibiting factor), 392 Pilosebaceous unit, 210
478 Index
Pineal gland, 315 functions of, 350-352 organization, 348-350
Pinealocytes, 348-350 Pinocytolic vescicles, 15, 150 Pinocytosis, 18 Pituicytes, 320 Pituitary gland, 315
adenohypophysis, 316 blood vessels, 321, 325 cells and products, 317-321 development, 316 mechanisms of control, 321-324 neurohypophysis, 317 pars distalis, 317-320, 325 pars intermedia, 320, 323 pars nervosa, 319, 320-321, 323
Pituitary hypofunction, 318 Placenta
accreta, 387 chorion, 384-386 development, 383-385 disorders, 388 exchange, 386 fetal component, 382-388 fetal-maternal junction, 388 hormones, 386 maternal component, 388 mature, 387 previa, 388 villi, 382-386
Plasma, blood, 157 proteins, 157
Plasmablast, 176 Plasma cells, 69, 73, 174
in connective tissue, 69 in lymphoid tissue, 176
Plasmalemma, 18-20, 44, see also Junctions, inter-cellular
enzymes of, 18 lipid bilayer of, 18 of mitochondria, 34 physiologic properties of, 18
Plasma membrane, see Plasmalemma Platelet, 164, 165, 168
life span, 164 Pleura, 284 Plexus
myenteric (Auerbach's), 218 submucous (Meissner's), 218, 226, 240
Plicae circulares, 234, 238 Pneumonia, 280 Podocyte, 300, 301 Polar body, 363 Polycythemia rubra vera, 170
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 162 Polyps, colon, 244 Polyribosomes, 29 Pore
alveolar (of Kohn), 282 nuclear, 20, 21 slit, Bowman's capsule, 300
Porta, 258 Portal tract, 258 Posterior chamber, eye, 422 Potassium, 339
excretion in saliva, 252 Pregnancy
breast and, 390-392 cleavage to blastocyst and, 380 corpus luteum, 363 fertilization, 379-380 implantation and decidual relations, 380-382 oocyte transport, 379 placenta, 384-388 sperm transport, 379 tubal,383 uterine adaptation, 103
Pregnenolone conversion, 398 Prepuce, 418 Primitive cells, 92 PRL (prolactin), 317 Progesterone, 363, 382, 386 Prolactin, 317 Prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF), 324, 392 Proline, 76 Pronucleus
female, 380 male, 380
Prophase, 50 Prostate gland, 414-416 Prostatic carcinoma, 416, 417, 447 Prostatic hypertrophy, 416, 417 Protein, androgen binding, 401 Protein synthesis, 26, 36, 41 Proteoglycan, 56
in basal lamina, 56 Psammoma bodies, 350 PTH, 334, 335 Puberty, male, 398 Pulmonary artery, 144-146 Pulp
splenic, 188-190 teeth,219
Pupil,426 Pupillary dilator, 426 Pupillary sphincter, 426 Purkinje fibers, 144, 145 Pylorus, 227, 232 Pyramid, medullary, 292, 293
R
Radioautography, 2 Ranvier, node of, 120 Reaction center, see Germinal center Receptor molecules, 20 Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas), 378 Reflex
neuroendocrine, 321 postural, 127
Regeneration, 456, 458, 459 muscle, 110 nerve, 134
Relaxin, 386 Releasing factors, hypothalamic, 324 Remodeling, bone, 94 Renal (Malpighian), corpuscle, 291, 294-302
epithelial component (Bowman's capsule), 296-300
vascular component, 294-296 Renal infarct, 439 Renal lobule, 294 Renal sinus, 292 Renin, 306, 386 Repair, 456, 458, 459 Residual body, 42 Respiratory system
blood vessels, 284 bronchus, 279 conducting portion, 274-280 definition, 273-274 development, 286 diseases, 273-274 lung, structure and organization, 283, 288 lympatics, 286 membrane, 282 respiratory portion, 273, 280--286
Response adrenal cortical, 344 emergency, 348
Rete testis, 410 Reticular cells, 174
thymus, 179 Reticular framework, see Stroma Reticular layer, dermis, 201 Reticulocytes, 158 Retina, 427-432
bipolar cells, 428 blind spot, 430 ganglion cells, 430 neural layer, 427-429 pars ciliaris, 427 pars iridis, 427 pars optica, 427
Retina (Cont.) pigment layer, 427-429 rods and cones, 427-428
Rheumatic fever, 138, 141 Rhodoposin, 427 Ribonuclease, 254 Ribonucleic acid, see RNA Ribosomes, 15, 20, 26, 29, 36
of motor end-plate, 127 Rickets, 94, 97 Ring
annuli fibrosi, 138 C-shaped tracheal, 278
Index 479
cytoplasmic microtubules of erythrocytes, 158 tonsillar (Waldeyer's), 182, 224 tracheal, 83
RNA (ribonucleic acid), 22, 26, 27, 29 in erythrocytes, 158 pancreas, 254 and protein synthesis, 27
Rods, retinal, 427 Root
hair, 207 tooth,219
Rugae, gastric, 227 Round window, ear, 437
s
Sac, alveolar, 273, 280 lacrimal, 423, 432
Saccule, 442 Salivary glands, 248--252
ducts, 248--253 innervation, 248 organization, 248 secretion, 248
Salpingitis, 368 Salt, in distal tubule, 304 Sarcomere, skeletal muscle, 104 Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SER), 104
calcium ions, 106 terminal cistern, 106
Scala tympani, 435, 437, 439 Scala vestibuli, 435, 437, 439 Scintiscan, 331 Sclera, eye, 422 Scrotum, 396 Scurvy, 76 Sebaceous glands, 207 Sebum, 207 Secretin, 235, 254 Secretion, 41 Semen, 420
480 Index
Semicircular canals, ear, 442 Seminal vesicles, 414 Seminiferous tubules, 399, 400-401
adluminal compartment, 401 basal compartment, 401 basement membrane (boundary layer), 400 sertoli cells, 400-401 spermatogenic cells, 401 spermatogenic epithelium, 400
Seminoma, 401 Sense organs, general, 127 Septa
interatrial, 144 interventricular, 144
Septal cells (type II), alveolar, 282 Septum, nasal, 274 Serosa, 217, 221 Serotonin, 164, 232 Sertoli cells, 318, 400-403 Serum, 157 Shock, 148 Sialic acid, 46 Sickle-cell anemia, 159 Sinus
dural,132 lactiferous, 392 lymph node, 184-186 renal,292 sagittal, superior and inferior, 132 splenic, 188-190
Sinusoids bone marrow, 166 hepatic, 264
Sodium, 306 reabsorption in saliva, 252
Skin, 195 blood vessels and lymphatics, 212 types, 201-204
Somatomammotrophin, 386 Somatomedin, 317, 325 Somatos~atin, 235, 356 Somatotrophin (STH), 317 Space
arachnoid, 132 capsular (urinary), 296 interstitial (extracellular), 120 perisinusoidal (of Disse), 264, 265
Sperm, 379 Spermatic cord, 396 Spermatocytes, 401 Spermatogenesis, 401-407
cell division, 404 chiasmata, 404 spermatids, 404
Spermatogenesis (Cont.)
spermiogenesis, 405, 407, 408 synapsis, 404
Spermatogenic epithelium, 400 Spermatogonia, 401 Spermatozoa, 44, 400, 401-407
structure, 405-407 Sphincter(s)
of bile duct (Boyden), 268 esophagus, 227 ofOddi,268 pupillary, eye, 426 pyloric, 232 urethrae, 420
Sphingomyelinase, 42 Sphingomyelin lipidosis (Niemann-Pick disease),
42 Spinal cord, 120
connective tissues, 132 gray matter, 116, 130 nerves, see Spinal nerves white matter, 130
Spinal nerves, 114 fibers, 114 ganglia, 114 transfer of stimuli, 114
Spinal puncture, 132 Spleen, 186-191
circulatory pattern, 188 function, 186 neoplasms, 190 parenchyma, 188 red pulp, 188-190 removal, 192 sinuses, 190 stroma, 186 vessels, 186-188 white pulp, 188, 190
Spiral valve (of Heister), 268 Splenic cords (of Billroth), 190 Squamous alveolor cells (type 0, 282 Stains
acidophilic, 5 basophilic, 5 Bielscho'¥sky, 5 cresyl violet, 158 Feulgen's reaction, 5 Giemsa, 166
bone marrow, 166 hematoxylin and eosin (H & E), 5 Mallory's trichrome, 5 Masson's trichrome, 5 methylene blue, 5 Movat's pentachrome, 5 Papanicolaou, 5
Stains (Cont.) periodic acid-schiff reaction, 5
of basal lamina, 56 of hepatocyte, 260
silver impregnation, 5 for basal lamina, 56
toluidine blue, 5 Van Gieson, 5 Weigert's elastic, 5 Wright's, 5, 157, 166
bone marrow, 166 Stapedius muscle, 437 Stapes, 434,435, 437, 440 Stem cells, 454-457 Stereocilia, 44
auditory, 440 epididymal, 411
Steroid hormones, 84, 339-342 Stigma, ovarian follicle, 363 Stomach, 216, 227-234
mucosa, 227-233 muscularis externa, 234 serosa, 234 submucosa, 234
Stratum basale, 196 Stratum corneum, 196 Stratum granulosum, 196 Stratum lucidum, 196 Stratum malpighii, 196 Stress, response to, 318 Stria vascularis, 435, 437, 439 Stroma
adrenal, 338 loose connective tissue, 77 lymph node, 184 lymphoid, 174 mammary gland, 207 muscle as, 102 ovarian, 360 pancreas, 253-254 parathyroid, 332 spleen, 186-188 thyroid, 329
Subcapsular nephron, 304 Sublingual glands, 253 Submandibular glands, 252-253 Submucosa, digestive, 218
esophageal, 226 innervation, 218 small intestine, 240 stomach, 234
Succinate dehydrogenase reaction, myocardial, 108
Suckling, 392 Surfactant, alveolar, 282
Suspensory ligament, eye, 426 Synapse, 116, 117
anoaxonic, 116, 117 axodendritic, 116, 117 axosomatic, 116, 117 catecholaminergic, 116, 117 cholinergic, 116, 117 serotoninergic, 116, 117
Synapsis, 404, 407 Synaptic cleft, 117, 126, 127 Syncytiotrophoblast, 380 Syngamy, 380
T
T3 , 325, 328 T4 , 325, 328 Taste buds, 224, 225 Tear sac, 432 Tectorial membrane, 435, 439, 440 Teeth, 219, 221, 223 Telophase, 50 Tendon, 77 Tenon's capsule, 422 Tensor tympani muscle, 437 Teratoma, 456 Teratocarcinoma, 456, 457 Testes, 396-399
Index 481
control, endocrine and temperature, 408 interstitial cells, 398 parenchyma, 398 seminiferous tubules, 400--401 spermatogenesis, 401-408 stroma, 396-398
Testosterone, 315, 396, 404 Tetany, 336 Tetrad, 404, 407 Theca externa, ovarian follicle, 362, 365 Theca interna, ovarian follicle, 362, 365 Theca lutein cells, 363 Thermoregulation, 204-206, 273, 408 Thoracic duct, 192 Thrombocyte, see Platelet Thrombocytopenia, 164, 172 Thrombosis, venous, 152 Thymosin, 179 Thymus, 179-181
blood supply, 179 cellular immunity, 179 cortex, 179 epithelial reticular cells, 179 involution, 180 medulla, 179-180 Hassalls corpuscles, 179
482 Index
Thymus (Cont.) removal, 179 steroid influence, 180 T lymphocytes, 179 trabeculae of stroma, 179
Thymus-dependent zone, 186 Thyroglobulin, 328 Thyroid gland
development, 326 developmental and metabolic control, 326 disorders, 329-330 follicular cells, 326 parafollicular cells, 329 stroma, 329 structure and functional organization, 326-330
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 318 Thyrotrophin, 318, 386 Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), 324 Thyroxin, 69, 328 Tissue, 4 T lymphocyte, 68,174-177
antigens, 176 in GALT, 182 in lymph nodes, 186 in spleen, 190 in tonsils, 182
Tolerance, drug, 262 Tongue, 219-224
filiform, folate, fungiform, and vallate papillae, 224
taste buds, 224 Tonofibril, epidermis, 196 Tonsils, 173, 182, 224-226
median pharyngeal, 182 Trabeculae
bone, 86, 91 lymph node, 184, 185 spleen, 188, 189 tonsils, 182
Trachea, 273, 276-278 Tract, central nervous system, 130 Translocation, 21 Transplant, skin, 196 Transverse (T) tubules, skeletal muscles, 106-108 Trauma, cranial, 132 Triad, portal, 258, 259 Trophoblast, 380 Tropocollagen, 72 Trypsinogen, 254 TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), 318 T system, cardiac muscle, 110 Tubule, renal
collecting, 294, 308-310 distal convoluted, 294, 303, 304-307 Henle's loop, 294, 300, 308
Tubule (Cont.)
ischemia, 304 necrosis, 304 nutrition, 304 proximal convoluted, 294, 300-302 thin segment, 302-304
Tubulin, 29, 31 Tubuli recti, 410 Tumor, see also Carcinoma
adrenal, 347 breast, 453 colon, 243 ovarian, 362, 365 pancreatic, 355, 356 parotid gland, 451 seminoma, 409 uterine, 103, 388-389
Tunica adventitia, 138, 139, 218 of elastic arteries, 146 of veins, 152
Tunica albuginea ovarian, 360 penis, 418 testicular, 396
Tunica fibrosa, eye, 422 Tunica interna (retina), 427--431 Tunica intima, 138, 139
of elastic arteries, 146 of veins, 152
Tunica media, 138, 139 of elastic arteries, 146 of veins, 152
Tunica vaginalis, 396 Tympanic cavity, 436 Tympanic membrane, 434--436 Tyrosinase, 198
U
Ulcer, gastric, 232 Unit membrane, see Plasmalemma Urate oxidase, 42 Ureter, 310 Urethra
female, 312 male, 311, 418--420
Urethral crest, 411 Urethral glands (of Littre), 414, 416 Urinary system, 291 Urine, 306
final concentration, 308-310 Urine formation, 296-306 Uterotubal junction, 379
Uterus, 359, 370-373 blood vessels, 370 endometrium, 368 menstruation, 370-373 myometrium, 370 pregnancy, 370, 380-382 stroma, 380, 382 structure, 368
Utricle, 442 Uvea, 422, 426 Uveitis, 426
V
Vagina, 61, 373-378 Valve, spiral (of Heister), 258 Valve cusp
aortic, 138, 140 mitral, 138, 140
Valves, cardiac, 138 Varices, esophageal, 226, 229 Vasa recta, 310 Vasa vasora, 146, 152 Vascular pole, renal capsule, 296 Vas deferens, 411 Veins, 152, 153
arcuate, 310 hypophyseal portal, 321, 328 interlobar, 310 portal,258 stellate, 310
Vena cava, 142,310 Venous flow, renal, 310 Ventricular fibrillation, 142 Vestibular gland of Bartholin, 378
Villi, placenta, 382-386 anchoring, 384 definitive, 384 floating, 384 primary, 384 secondary, 384
Villi, small intestine, 234 Vinblastine, 29 Vitamin A, 390 Vitamin C, 76 Vitamin D, 84, 334 Vitreous body, 432 Vocal cords, 276
w
Waldeyer's ring, 182 Wallerian degeneration, 134 Wound healing, 81, 98-99
z
Zinc, 238 Zona basalis, endometrium, 368 Zona fasciculata, 339, 342
Index 483
Zona functionalis, endometrium, 368 Zona glomerulosa, 339 Zona pellucida, 362 Zona reticularis, 342 Zonula adherens, 46, 49
cardiac muscle, 110 Zonula occludens, 4&-47, 49
hepatic, 258 Zygote, 366 Zymogen, 254
Recommended