Osteology of the Lower Extremity

THE LOWER EXTREMITYTHE HIP AND THIGH REGIONS

OSTEOLOGY OF THE HIP AND THIGH REGIONS

THE LOWER EXTREMITY

• FUNCTIONS: -Support body weight -Propulsion/locomotion -Maintain equilibrium

THE LOWER EXTREMITY

FOUR REGIONS OF THE LOWER LIMB 1. Hip 2. Thigh 3. Leg 4. Foot

THE PELVIC GIRDLE (THE INNOMINATE BONE)

KNOW THE FF: 1. What are the bones that composed the pelvic girdle? 2. What is the pelvis? What are the structures that composed the pelvis? 3. What are the bones that composed the pelvic (or coxal) bone at birth? 4. What is the symphysis pubis? Where is it located 5. What is the acetabulum?

THE PELVIC GIRDLE

INFERIOR VIEW OF THE PELVIC RING. OBSERVE THE FF: 1. The inferior pubic rami anteriorly 2. The prominent ischial tuberosities on both sides 3. The sacrum and the coccyx

THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC GIRDLE

THE HIP BONE (lateral view)

THE HIP BONE (medial view)

THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC GIRDLE

LATERAL SURFACE OF THE ALAFeatures: the gluteal linesISCHIUM: Features: -Body -Ramus of the ischium -Ischiopubic ramus -Obturator foramen -Greater Sciatic notch -Ischial spine -lesser sciatic notch -Ischial tuberosity

THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC GIRDLE

THE ILIUMFeatures: -Ala -iliac crest -iliac tubercle -Anterior superior iliac spine -anterior inferior iliac spine -posterior superior iliac spineLateral side of iliac bone: gluteal

linesMedial side of iliac bone: Iliac fossa

THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC GIRDLE

THE PELVIS

THE PUBIC BONEFEATURES: -Body of pubis -Symphysis pubis -Pubic crest -Pubic tubercles -Superior ramus -Pectin pubis (pectineal line)

THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC GIRDLE

THE OBTURATOR FORAMEN, OBTURATOR CANAL, THE GREATER SCIATIC NOTCH, AND THE LESSER SCIATIC NOTCH (MEDIAL VIEW)

LATERAL VIEW OF THE PELVIS SHOWING THE ACETABULUM, OBTURATOR FORAMEN, GREATER AND LESSER SCIATIC NOTCH

THE LOWER EXTREMITY

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

ANTERIOR SIDE OF THE FEMUR POSTERIOR SIDE OF THE FEMUR

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

THE LOWER EXTREMITYTHE HIP AND THIGH

THE FEMUR OSTEOLOGIC FEATURES

Femoral headFemoral neck -Angle of inclination -Torsion angleShaft of the femur -Intertrochanteric line -Greater trochanter -Lesser trochanter -Linea aspera -Pectineal (spiral) line -gluteal tuberosity -Adductor tubercle

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

• TORSION ANGLE of FEMUR - describes the relative

rotation(or twist that exists between the shaft of and neck of femur

-Normal torsion angle (called as normal anteversion): 10- 15 degrees

-Excessive anteversion -Retroversion

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

NORMAL TORSION ANGLE (or, NORMAL ANTEVERSION EXCESSIVE ANTEVERSION

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

NORMAL FEMORAL ANTEVERSION FEMORAL RETROVERSION

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE PROXIMAL FEMUR

A FRONTAL PLANE CROSS-SECTION SHOWING THE INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE PROXIMAL FEMUR

• TWO BONE COMPOSITION -Compact bone -Cancellous bone -trabecular networks -medial trabecular network -arcuate trabecular

network

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

THE HIP JOINT

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

THE HIP JOINTS IN RELATION TO THE INGUINAL LIGAMENTS

THE HIP IS OPENED TO EXPOSE ITS INTERNAL COMPONENT

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

THE ACETABULUM THE HIP JOINT

• JOINT FEATURES-deep, hemispheric cup-like

socket-acetabular notch-transverse acetabular

ligament-acetabular labrum-lunate surface-acetabular fossa

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

CAPSULE AND LIGAMENTS OF THE HIP LIGAMENTS OF THE HIP

FEATURES -Capsule -longitudinal fibers -Circular fibers known as

Zona Orbicularis -Synovial membraneLigaments: -Iliofemoral -Pubofemoral -Ischiofemoral

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

CORONAL SECTION OF THE HIP JOINT

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

ANTERIOR VIEW OF THE HIP SHOWING THE ANTERIOR CAPSULE

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

POSTERIOR ASPECT OF THE HIP

REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH

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