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Organic Chemistry
10 Chemistry
Quiz
Alkanes
• General Formula• Description• Combustion
• Reactivity• Chemical test• Uses
• CnH2n+2
• Saturated• Burns in Oxygen to
form CO2 + H20 (CO with low O2)
• Low• None• Fuels
The chlorination of methane
• Halogenation is the replacement of one or more hydrogens in an organic compound by halogen atoms
• When methane is reacted with chlorine the products of the reaction depend on whether there is an excess of methane or chlorine
• If there is an excess of methane it form chloromethane and hydrogen chloride
To do
• Write down a word equation for the chlorination of methane
• Can you write a chemical equation?
• How about a full balanced chemical equation?
Movie
Halogenation
chloridehydrogenanechloromethchlorinemethane
HClClCHClCH 324
)()()()( 324 gHClgClCHgClgCH
With an excess of chlorine a mixture of products is formed. Chlorine can obviously replace up to 4 of the hydrogen atoms.
Why halogenation?
• These products are generally used as intermediate compound for further synthesis
Natural Gas and Oil
Separating the fractions
Fractional distillation
• Preheated crude oil is pumped into the column (340 C)
• The vapour in the crude oil rises due to differences in density with different fractions condensing in different regions
• The liquid part of the crude oil sinks in the column
• The low density fractions are thin and light coloured, the high density fractions are ‘viscous’ and dark
How does it work?
• Components separate due to different boiling points
• Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
• Molecules are chemically bonded with strong covalent bonds but contain different numbers of carbon atoms
Go on…
• The weak attractive forces between the molecules have to be broken if the hydrocarbon is to boil
• The longer the hydrocarbon molecule is, the stronger the intermolecular forces are
• The shorter chains are more volatile – they form a vapour
Boiling
Volatility
• We can smell petrol (gasoline) much easier than we can smell engine oil
• This is because petrol has 5-10 carbon atoms and engine oil has 14-20 carbons atoms
Combustion
combustion
Viscosity
Viscosity
Homework
• Go to: http://www.rsc-oilstrike.org/preloader.swf
• Play the game
• Take a screen shot (print screen) or use the snipping tool to take an A4 image
• Print this out and stick it in
• Winner (most money) gets a ‘get out of homework free’ card
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