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8/14/2019 Orbitals With Metaphor
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Electrons are part of what
makes an atom an atom
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Electrons are part of what
makes an atom an atom
atom
But where exactly are the
electrons inside an atom?
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Orbitalsare areas within atoms
where there is a high probablility
of finding electrons.
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Knowing how electrons are
arranged in an atom is
important
because that governshow atoms interact
with each other
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Knowing how electrons are
arranged in an atom is
important
because that governshow atoms interact
with each other
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Knowing how electrons are
arranged in an atom is
important
because that governshow atoms interact
with each other
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Knowing how electrons are
arranged in an atom is
important
because that governshow atoms interact
with each other
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Knowing how electrons are
arranged in an atom is
important
because that governshow atoms interact
with each other
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Knowing how electrons are
arranged in an atom is
important
because that governshow atoms interact
with each other
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Knowing how electrons are
arranged in an atom is
important
because that governshow atoms interact
with each other
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Lets say you have aroom with flies flyingaround in it
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The flies are not just
anywhere in the room.They are inside boxes inthe room.
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You know where the
boxes are, and youknow the flies areinside the boxes, but
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you dont know exactly
where the flies areinside the boxes
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The room is an atom
The flies are electronsThe boxes are orbitals
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The room is an atom
The flies are electronsThe boxes are orbitals
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The room is an atomThe marbles are electrons
The boxes are orbitals
Science has determined where theorbitals are inside an atom, but itis never known precisely where the
electrons are inside the orbitals
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Hey,
where
am I?
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So what are thesizes and shapesof orbitals?
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The area where an electron can be found,
the orbital,is defined mathematically,
but we can see it as a specific shape
in 3-dimensional space
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x
y
z
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The 3 axes represent3-dimensional space
x
y
z
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For this presentation, thenucleus of the atom is atthe center of the three axes.
x
y
z
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The 1s orbital is asphere, centeredaround the nucleus
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The 2s orbital is alsoa sphere.
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1s orbital
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2s orbital
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Dont forget:
an orbital is the shape of thespace where there is a highprobability of finding electrons
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Thes
orbitals are spheres
Dont forget:
an orbital is the shape of thespace where there is a highprobability of finding electrons
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There are three
2p orbitals
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The three 2p orbitalsare orientedperpendicularto each other
z
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This is
one 2p orbital(2py)
x
y
z
z
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another 2p orbital(2px)
x
y
z
z
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the third 2p orbital(2pz)
x
y
z
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Dont forget:
an orbital is the shape of thespace where there is a highprobability of finding electrons
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This is the shape ofp orbitals
Dont forget:
an orbital is the shape of thespace where there is a highprobability of finding electrons
z
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x
y
z
z
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2px
x
y
z
z
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2px and 2pz
x
y
z
z
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The three 2p orbitals,2px, 2py, 2pz
x
y
z
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once the1s orbitalis filled,
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the 2s orbitalbegins to fill
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once the 2sorbital isfilled,
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the 2p orbitalsbegin to fill
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each 2p orbitalintersects the2s orbital andthe 1s orbital
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each 2p orbital
gets one electronbefore pairing begins
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once each 2p orbital
is filled with a pairof electrons, then
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the 3s orbitalgets the next
two electrons
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the 3s electronshave a higher energythan 1s, 2s, or 2pelectrons,
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so 3s electrons aregenerally foundfurther from thenucleus than 1s,2s, or 2p electrons
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the billions of interactions of atoms
constantly going on around youdepend on how the electronsare arranged in each atom
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the billions of interactions of atomsconstantly going on around youdepend on how the electrons
are arranged in each atom
he arrangement of an atoms electrons
(its orbitals)govern how that atom will interact
with other atoms
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the billions of interactions of atomsconstantly going on around youdepend on how the electrons
are arranged in each atom
the arrangement of an atoms electrons(its orbitals)
govern how that atom will interact
with other atoms
If atoms did not interact with each other,
you would not be sitting here reading this
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An interesting placewhere electrons havea specific organization
within atoms,allowing for intersting
atom interactions
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An interesting placewhere electrons havea specific organization
within atoms,
allowing for interstingatom interactions
Not an interesting place,where electrons have
no specific organizationwithin atoms,
where atoms wanderaimlessly about
(does not actually exist)
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