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The Experience of the
University of Balamand
Tuesday 20 September, 2016
14:05-14:35
Oussama C. Jadayel, Ph.D., FRAeS
Chair, Mechanical Engineering Department
Director, Balamand Institute of Aeronautics
oussama.jadayel@balamand.edu.lb
MENASASI Seminar 2016
Air Safety Invstigation in the MENA Region
20-21 September, 2016
Rabat, Morocco
On the Contribution of Academia to the
Air Safety System in the MENA Region
Why am I Here???
1. Introduction
2Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Presentation Outline:
1. Introduction
• Who I am I…What I do…Where I come from…
• Integrity of Air Safety System and Need to Keep it that Way
• Some Previous Experiences/Lessons Learnt (the Hard Way)
2. Challenges against Air Safety• The Complexity of Sustaining Air Safety
• The Air Safety Culture
3. The Role of the Academic Sector…• State of Affairs…MENA Vs. West…
• Direct
• Indirect
4. Our Experience at the UOB-BIA…
5. Conclusions…
6. Acknowledgements
• Objectives:
• To talk about the Contribution of
Academia to Air Safety (Actual &
Potential)…
• Discuss Prospects & Challenges
of such Contribution…
1. Introduction
3
• Professor of Mech. & Aero Engineering at UOB
• Head of Mech. & Aero Engineering Department at UOB
• Director of the BIA
• Many other things…• Head the Training Committee• Head of Commencement
Committee & MC• Etc.
Who am I?...The Academic
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
1. Introduction
4
Who am I?...The more fun stuff…
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Commercial Pilot
• Flight Instructor & Designated Flight
Test Examiner
1. Introduction
5
Where I Come From…Balamand
• The University of Balamand…The Uni on the Beautiful Hill…
• The University that overlooks the Mediterranean...
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
1. Introduction
6
Integrity of the Air Safety System
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
Air Space
Airports
AirOperators
Air TrafficServices
GroundServices
EmergencyResponse
SecurityMROs
Meteorology
CivilAviationAuthority
Air-worthiness
Flight CrewLicensing
OEMs
TrainingOrg.s
InfoDissemin-
ation
Nav Aids
Int’lLiaison
Air Space
Airports
AirOperators
Air TrafficServices
GroundServices
EmergencyResponse
SecurityMROs
MeteorologyAviationAuthority
Air-worthiness
Flight CrewLicensing
OEMs
TrainingOrg.s
InfoDissemin-
ation
Nav Aids
Int’lLiaison
1. Introduction
7
vIntegrity of the Air Safety System
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• An Air Safety System is:
• Highly Complex
• Highly Regulated
• Highly Dynamic
• Very Expensive
• Interweaved
• To be efficient and safe,
complexities have to be:
• Well identified
• Well understood
• Well managed A Spider Web
1. Introduction
8
Integrity of the Air Safety System
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• A perfect spider web is:
• Beautiful
• Well-connected
• Uniform
• Ordered
• Delicate…yet…
• Strong…to the extent
that it carries loads
much heavier than
itself!!!
1. Introduction
9
Integrity of the Air Safety System
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
However, if it is disconnected from one or
more sides ….
….or has holes in it, then…..
We have a problem with a big P!!!
At best causing discomfort…at worst disaster…
Our Air Safety System has to be viewed globally without ignoring any of its details…
1. Introduction
10
Lessons Learnt…(The Hard Way…)
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• When holes are seen…things can be very disturbing...
• AF447 (2009):
• Weather
• Complacency
• Disorientation
• Lack of Crew Coordination
• Lack of Basic Flying Skills
• ET409 (2010):
• Bad Weather
• Bad ADM
• Disorientation
• Lack of Crew Coordination
• Lack of Basic Flying Skills
1. Introduction
11
Lessons Learnt…(The Hard Way…)
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• BA5390 (1990):
• Design Fault
• Maintenance Fault
• BTC2937/DHL611 (2002):
• ATC Error
• TCAS Ambiguity
• When holes are seen…things can be very disturbing...
1. Introduction
12
Lessons Learnt…(The Hard Way…)
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• UG1153 (2005):
• Fault in Design
• Complacency
• Lilienthal Glider
(1896):
• Fault in Design
• When holes are seen…things can be very disturbing...
2. Challenges Against Air Safety
13
Complexity of Sustaining Air Safety
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• What holds this system together are:
• Rules & Regulations
• Clear Procedures
• Qualified, certified & skilled personnel
• Equipment & Technology
• Funds (lots of Funds)
• Open mindedness & Transparency…THE CULTURE
Air Space
Airports
AirOperators
Air TrafficServices
GroundServices
EmergencyResponse
SecurityMROs
MeteorologyAviationAuthority
Air-worthiness
Flight CrewLicensing
OEMs
TrainingOrg.s
InfoDissemin-
ation
Nav Aids
Int’lLiaison
Areas of Concern seem to depend
primarily on the Human Element!!!
2. Challenges Against Air Safety
14
Complexity of Sustaining Air Safety
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
Areas of Concern seem to depend primarily on the Human Element!!!
• What’s with the Human Element in our part of the world?....Quality & Quantity
2. Challenges Against Air Safety
15
Complexity of Sustaining Air Safety
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• What’s with the Human Element??....Quantity…
No
Dat
a G
ive
n!!
! W
hy?
!Include Africa
2. Challenges Against Air Safety
16
Complexity of Sustaining Air Safety
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Observation
• Experienced Aero-Persons lured from other establishments• Fishing in the Same Pond (A very small
pond it is…)• Poaching
• Minimal attempt to recruit “fresh” graduates…• No time to train!
• “Training Entities” for the formation of New Persons set as business ventures• Academies• Colleges• Schools
• Some have proved successful…• Many have problems!!!
2. Challenges Against Air Safety
17
Complexity of Sustaining Air Safety
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Poaching
• No reflection on ethics
• Loyalty/dissatisfaction issues started
emerging• Interesting to measure!!!
• Penal Clauses/Conditions Starting to
Appear in Contracts• Poached Companies needed to retain staff
• Apprehension among Staff
• Gentlemen’s agreements between
companies (Poached & Poachers)• “Don’t touch my people and I won’t touch
yours”
• Apprehension among Staff
2. Challenges Against Air Safety
18
The Air Safety Culture
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Contemplating the Quality of the
Human Element required by the
industry…
• The keyword is…Certification…
• But is certification the only
sufficient trait required from a
modern aero-person?!
• Sadly not…the industry is looking
for well-roundedness!!!
Certification is necessary
but not sufficient!!!
The Culture!!!
2. Challenges Against Air Safety
19
The Air Safety Culture
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Conceptual Problems with catering for Certification only:
• Forms the minimum acceptable standard:• by the regulator…• Not by the
establishment• Nor by the persons
contemplating a career!
• Understood by Industry and hardly no one else!
• This is why many of the MENA training organizations had very limited success!!!
Certification is necessary but not sufficient!!!
2. Challenges Against Air Safety
20
The Air Safety Culture
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Problem:
• Supply and Demand
of aero-persons are
presently highly
mismatched!!!
• The gap is getting
wider with time!
• Challenge is:
• How to align the
mismatch!!!
• Build the Culture!!!
2. Challenges Against Air Safety
21
The Air Safety Culture
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Observation: there is very limited communication from either side!
• They have to open up…
• To harness its potential for the aerospace industry, new blood needs to be:
• Excited, motivated, enlightened about the industry
• Clear about fact & fiction of the industry
• Aware of the opportunities and career options
3. The Role of the Academic
Sector
22
Academia Supporting Aero-Industry
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Academia can be very effective in providing:• Teaching-Learning-Capacity Building• Research & Development Studies• Community Service & Social Projection• Orientation & Outreach
• In general, Academic Institutions seek to:• Generate• Accumulate • Disseminate knowledge…
• In our part of the world, they have been doing that very nicely in many fields:
• Medicine• Engineering• Law• Literature• Business• etc.
• But not in Aeronautics…why?
Academia can be a
THINK TANK
supporting the Industry
Supply
Demand
3. The Role of the Academic
Sector
23
State of Affairs…MENA Vs. West…
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• In the West, major aeronautical breakthroughs were made at academic institutions through…
• Research & Development programmes• Teaching/learning programmes• Of Industrial relevance
• Examples:
• Ludwig Prandtl…Father of Aerodynamics (1904)• University of Hannover, University of Göttingen
3. The Role of the Academic
Sector
24
State of Affairs…MENA Vs. West…
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Theodore Von-Karman (1930s)• California Institute of Technology
3. The Role of the Academic
Sector
25
State of Affairs…MENA Vs. West…
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Sir Frank Whittle (1940)• Cambridge University
3. The Role of the Academic
Sector
26
State of Affairs…MENA Vs. West…
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Sir John Randall & Prof. Harry Boot(1940)• Birmingham University
3. The Role of the Academic
Sector
27
State of Affairs…MENA Vs. West…
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Prof. Jim Reason, the Swiss Cheese Man(2000)• Manchester University
3. The Role of the Academic
Sector
28
State of Affairs…MENA Vs. West…
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Also, they offer academic
programmes that:
• Have a clear outcome…
• Help students fulfill their
ambitions…
• And be proud of…
• Supported by the industry…
3. The Role of the Academic
Sector
29
State of Affairs…MENA Vs. West…
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
3. The Role of the Academic
Sector
30
State of Affairs…MENA Vs. West…
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
3. The Role of the Academic
Sector
31
State of Affairs…MENA Vs. West…
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
3. The Role of the Academic
Sector
32
State of Affairs…MENA Vs. West…
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
Country Institution Approval Levels Academic
Level
UAE Emirates Aviation University GCAA B1.1 &
B2
Not Clear
UAE Higher Colleges of Technology Not Clear Not
Clear
Bachelor
UAE Al-Ain International Aviation Academy GCAA,
EASA
B1.1 &
B2
Higher
Diploma
Qatar Qatar Aeronautical College QCAA,
EASA
B1.1,
B1.2 &
B2
Diploma
and
Certificate
Kuwait Australian College of Kuwait KDGCA,
EASA
B1.1 &
B2
Diploma
Bahrain Gulf Aviation Academy jointly with
AFAQ Institute of Aviation Technology
EASA B1.1 &
B2
Not Clear
Jordan Middle East Aviation Academy JCARC Not
Clear
Not Clear
Tunisia Airline Flight Academy TDGCA B1.1 &
B2
Certificate
Egypt Egypt Air Training Center ECAA Not
Clear
Not Clear
• In our Region:
• Most programmes designed to meet minimum regulatory requirements!!!
• No particular consideration of students’ aspirations…including the social…
• No clear academic outcome…
• Do they open academic/career progression paths?
• Not very attractive…not very convincing to candidates…
• Deadlock needs investigation…& strategic mitigation…
• Once graduates are out, industry is critical of their qualities!!!! (lack experience, soft skills, general skills, etc…)
• Total oblivion on where they can be in five years time…
3. The Role of the Academic
Sector
33
State of Affairs…MENA Vs. West…
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Further:
• Academia and the Regional Aviation
Industry hardly talk to one another…
• Industrial placements are not optimised…• Internships are very difficult to provide
• Interns are looked down at!!!
• Interns lose heart and are discouraged by the
industry…
• No particular joint research programmes…
3. The Role of the Academic
Sector
34
Academic-Industrial Partnerships…
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Direct Path
• Assess Training Needs (TNA)
• Develop Academic & Non-Academic Programmes that:
• Have clear learning outcomes• Meet Industrial needs…• Meet Young persons’ aspirations…
• Incorporate soft skills…
• Identify joint strategic Research & Development areas
Question: Is there a role for Academia to play in building a sustainable Air
Safety Culture???!!!
• Indirect Path
• Share experiences
• Open facilities to one another• Libraries, Lecture Halls, etc.
• Apply jointly for grants & other types of funding
• Host joint seminars, workshops, and conferences…
• Introduce staff & student mobilities
• Awareness, Orientation & Outreach
4. Our Experience at the UOB-BIA
35
The Balamand Institute of Aeronautics
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Some Background
• Established in 2011with a grant from the EU…
• To advance all aspects of aeronautics in-line with the needs of the Lebanese and regional aviation industry…
• Of course, the BIA is concerned with:
• Aviation Personnel shortage• The Air Safety Culture
• Based and rooted within the Engineering Faculty…
• Conceived as a flexible entity that over-sees all aeronautical related activities within the University of Balamand…
Underlying spirit at the BIA is one of
openness and interdisciplinarity as
Aeronautics simply is!
4. Our Experience at the UOB-BIA
36
The Balamand Institute of Aeronautics
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
Technical Programs(Maintenance Technology)
Academic Programs(Eng’g, Mngm’t, Med., etc.)
Non-Academic Programs(Short Courses, Certification, Career
Development,etc)
Capacity Building
Aviation Safety,(Safety Management, Safety
Cultures, Human Factors, etc.)
Global Aviation System(Regulatory Frameworks,
Harmonization, Standards, etc.)
Aviation Arts & Sciences (Technology, History, Quality,
Erogonomics, etc.)
Research & Development
Aviation Orientation,(Schools Lectures, Open Days, Site
Visits, Museums, Publications &
Media, Newsletters, etc.)
Consultancy & Services(Advice & Assistance to Industry,
Community and Regulators)
Aviation Networking(Nat’l, Reg’l & Int’l framework for
meeting of Aviation Leaders, Societies,
Conferences, Workshops)
Awareness, Outreach and External Interaction
Three Levels of Operation
4. Our Experience at the UOB-BIA
37
What has the BIA Done Since 2011?
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Academic programmes
• BS/MS programme in Aero.
Eng.
• BTech programme in Aircraft
Maintenance Engineering
• A Part-66 Testing Centre
approved by the BCAA
• Developing new
programmes in ATM
• Developing new courses in:• SMS
• Accident Investigation
4. Our Experience at the UOB-BIA
38
What has the BIA Done Since 2011?
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Extra-Curricular Efforts
• Students & Faculty attend the 50th ISASI Reachout Workshop on Continuing
Airworthiness, Flight Operations and Aircraft Accident Investigation (Feb 2016 at MEA)
• Students & Faculty attend SMS workshop at MEA (April 2015) - Part of their SMS course
4. Our Experience at the UOB-BIA
39
What has the BIA Done Since 2011?
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Development
• OLS & Aerial Zoning for an
Lebanese Airport
• In accordance with Annex 14
4. Our Experience at the UOB-BIA
40
What has the BIA Done Since 2011?
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Orientations, Awareness &
Outreach
• Embraer Aviation Day
• A Forum for Academics,
Student and Industry to meet
and interact
4. Our Experience at the UOB-BIA
41
What has the BIA Done Since 2011?
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Orientations, Awareness & Outreach
• Meetings with prominent aviation persons
• A Forum for Academics, Student leading industry professionals
4. Our Experience at the UOB-BIA
42
What has the BIA Done Since 2011?
Role of Academia in Air Safety in MENA.… MENASASI Seminar, Rabat, 2016
• Orientations, Awareness &
Outreach
• Organise trips to Aviation
Establishments
• Our Students and Students
from Local Schools
5. Conclusions
43
• Academic-Industrial Partnerships have proved their value in the West…• No Reason why should not work in our part of the world…
• We are already late…
• There is an important role for academia to play in:• Sustaining the Air Safety System and
• Maintaining an Air Safety Culture
• Academia can support the industry in:• Teaching-learning
• Research and Development
• Identifying trends and conducting studies
• Producing the right calibre of aero-persons
• Industry and Academia have better chances to harness many available opportunities if
the work jointly…
6. Acknowledgements
44
• Thanks and recognition are due to:
• All respected guests…
• ISASI for accepting the UOB-BIA as a Corporate Member
• MENASASI for accepting our contribution to this seminar
• Captain Mohammed Aziz of MEA…for his encouragement, inspiration and for doing
so much for promoting Aviation Safety in MENA
• My Colleagues at the BIA for their support and enthusiasm and passion about
aeronautics
• UOB administration for supporting the BIA all along…
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