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Oman stratigraphy
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NATIH Fm
NAHR Umr Fm
SHUAIBA Fm
KHARAIBFm
SALIL Fm
RAYDA Fm
N S
LEKHWAIR Fm
HABSHANFm
Oman Mountains CentralOman
200m
100Km
Base Cretaceous Unconformity
Base Aruma Unconformity
MARGINAL MARINE TO CONTINENTAL SANDS
SHALES
PLATFORM CARBONATES
LAGOONAL (OCC. ARGILLACEOUS) CARBONATES
PLATFORM EDGE / SLOPE CARBONATES
ARGILLACEOUS CARBONATE SLOPE DEPOSITS
PELAGIC CARBONATES AND CHERTS
KEROGENOUS CHALKS
TURONIAN
CENOMANIAN
ALBIAN
NATIH
NAHR UMR
SHUAIBA
KHARAIB
APTIAN
BARREMIAN
HAUTERIVIAN
CR
ETA
CE
OU
S
LOW
ER
UP
PE
R
(HAQ ET AL 1998)
VALANGINIAN
BERRIASIAN
144
RAYDASALI
L
HABSHAN
LEKHWAIR
135132
126.5
121
112
93.5
89
99
MA
HD & MVS 2000
S N
STRUCTURAL HIGHSDEFORMED HUQF
AND NIMR GROUPS
ALLUVIAL FAN BRAID PLAIN BRAID DELTA PLATFORM SHELFBRAID DELTA FRONT
AL BASHAIR MBRMABROUK MBR
AMIN CGL SST MBR BARIK SST MBR
AEOLIAN SANDS
AMIN FM.MIQRAT FM.
PLAYA
Gharif (Permian) Depositional Model (Robertson)
Base Level
HST
LST
Base Level
HST
HST
Base Level
LST
A3 Base Level
LSTBase Level
HST
Base Level
HSTSea Level
Top Buah
HarweelPlatfor
m(HP)
BirbaPlatform
(BP)Athel
Trough
EasternFlank
B-1 Marker
LST
A2
A1
A4
A5
Ara Group (Precambrian-Cambrian) Depositional Model.
Palaeogeography of the Continental Margin in OmanEarly Campanian (Fiqa) times
(Modified After Robertson, 1987)
Lower to Middle Cretaceous Carbonate Platform
Haima (Cambrium to Ordovician) Depositional Model.
ZZ
Z
ZZ Z Z
Z ZZ
Rapidly erodingtropical landmass
CoastalSiliciclastics
Unstable muddyshelf floor
Flexural bulgeUplift of former shelf edge,erosion down to at leastPermian (Wasia-Aruma break)
Permian-Mid Cretaceousstable platform succession
Prograding muddy deltaFault reactivatedPre-Permian basement
Ferruginous crustsand nodules
Ponded turbiditesin foreland basin
Oman mountainfront
Coastal and shoal shell banks,?tidal currents hardgrounds
SW NE
50 to 100km
Slump Scar
Slump Scar
Glaciofluvialoutwash plain
Sublacustrineoutwash
Varved lacustrinemuds
Lodgement / meltout till
Delta foreset
Basement
Fluvial /alluvial sandand gravel
Modified from : Reading, H.G. (1986) Sedimentary Environments and Facies, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. pp.615.
Ice pushedridges Local grounded
icesheet
Rain out till
Supra glacial
Sub glacial
Instable slopes,turbidites
Grounding line /sequence boundary
Floating Icetongue
Al Khlata (Permo-Carboniferous) Depositional ModelGlacial-related deposits in and around lakes.
Basement (BM)
Ghadir Manqil Fm.(QBGM)
Masirah Bay Fm.**(QNMB)
Khufai Fm. (QNKI)
Shuram Fm.(QNSH)
Buah Fm. (QNBH)
Birba Fm. (QABB)
Al Noor Fm. (QANO)
Dhahaban Fm. (QADB)
Karim Fm. (HNKA)
Haradh Fm. (HNHA)
Athel Fm. (QAAT) /'U' Fm.(QAUU)
Amin Fm. (HMAN)
Barik Mbr. (HMAAB)
Barakat Mbr. (HMAAK)
Ghudun Fm. (HMGD)
Mahwis Fm. (HMMA)/Miqrat Fm. (HMMQ)
Al Bashair Mbr. (HMAAA)
Saih Nihayda Fm.(HFSN)
HasirahFm.(HFHR)
SahmahFm.(HFSM)
Al Khlata Fm.(HSAK)
Gharif Fm.(HSGH)
Khuff Fm.(PTK)
Upper Mbr. (PTKFU)
Sudair Fm.(PTSD)
Jilh Fm.(PTJL)
Mafraq Fm.(DMAS)
Dhruma Fm.(DMDR)
Tuwaiq Fm.(DMTW)
Hanifa Fm. (DMHF)Jubaila Fm. (DMJU)
200m
Salil Fm. (THSL)
Habshan Fm. (THHB)
Lekhwair Fm. (THLE)
Kharaib Fm. (THKH)Shuaiba Fm. (THSU)Nahr Umr Fm. (WANU)
Natih Fm.(WANA)
Fiqa Fm. (ARFQ)
Simsima Fm. (ARSM)
UER Fm(JRRH)
Rus Fm. (JRRU)Damman Fm. (JRDM)
'Clastics, Evaporites'(DZFC)/'Taqa Fm. (DZTA)FA
RS
(DZ)
HA
DR
AM
AU
T(J
R)
AR
UM
A(A
R)
WA
SIA
(WA
)K
AH
MA
H(T
H)
SA
HTA
N(D
M)
AK
HD
AR
(PT)
HA
US
HI
(HS
)M
AH
ATTA
HU
MA
ID(H
M)
MIS
FAR
(MF)
SA
FIQ
(HF)
NIM
R*
(HN
)A
RA
(QA
)N
AFU
N(Q
N)
AB
UM
AH
AR
A(Q
B)
HA
IMA
SU
PE
RG
RO
UP
(H)
HU
QF
SU
PE
RG
RO
UP
(Q)
Formation/Member(Regeo code)(Super)Group
Upper Mbr. (JRRHU)
Middle Mbr. (JRRHM)
Shammar Mbr. (JRRHM)
a Mbr. (WANAA)b Mbr. (WANAB)c Mbr. (WANAC)d Mbr. (WANAD)e Mbr. (WANAE)f Mbr. (WANAF)g Mbr. (WANAG)
Andam Fm.(HMAA)
Rayda Fm. (THRA)
* Nimr Gp. previously in Haima Supergroup** Masirah Bay Fm. previously in Abu Mahara Gp.
Composite Stratigraphic Column
Mabrouk Mbr. (HMAAM)
Shargi Mbr. (ARFQS)
Arada Mbr. (ARFQA)
Upper Mbr. (DMASU)
Lower Mbr. (DMASL)
Middle Mbr. (PTKFM)
Upper Mbr. (HSGHU)
Middle Mbr. (HSGHM)Lower Mbr. (HSGHL)
P1 Mbr. (HSAL1)
P5 Mbr. (HSAL5)
P9 Mbr. (HSAL9)
Lower Mbr. (PTKFL)
‘Mirbat Sandstone’
Palaeogeographic Maps(Sharland et al. 2001)
late Eocene to PresentAP11: 34 -0 Ma
Early Cenozoic to latest EoceneAP10: 63 -34 Ma
Late Cretaceous toEarly CenozoicAP9: 92 -63 Ma
Late Jurassic toLate CretaceousAP8: 149 -92 Ma
Early to Late JurassicAP7: 149 -92 Ma
mid-Permianto Early JurassicAP6: 255 -182 Ma
Late Carboniferousto mid-PermianAP5: 295 -255 Ma
Late Devonian toLate CarboniferousAP4: 364 -295 Ma
Late Ordovician(c. 445 Ma)
Early Cambrian to Late OrdovicianAP2: 520-445 Ma)
late Precambrian to Early CambrianAP1: 610-520 Ma)
late Precambrianc. 715- c.610 Ma)
GeologicalEvents
Uplift and folding of OmanMountains NE-SW compressionrelated to Zagros continent-continent collison
Volcanic Intrusions northedge Oman Mountains
'Laramide' orogenic phase,NW-SE shortening: obliqueobduction in East related tonorthward movement of India .
Collision of oceanic subductioncomplex with Arabian plate
Regional uplift and erosion related toflexural bulge
Development of foreland basin
Emplacement of nappes, NE-SW extensionrelated to downbending crust
Uplift related to break-awayof India followed by develop-ment passive margin alongeastern Oman and collapseof North Oman margin
Submarine volcanics in Saih Hatat area
Uplift related to failed attempt toopen Indian Ocean?
Break-up of Gondwana andopening Neotethys develop-ment of passive margin in NorthOman
Gon
dwan
agl
acia
tion
Thermal doming and erosion innorthern and eastern Omanpreceding break-up ofGondwana
'Hercynian Orogeny'?NW-SE compression
Gondwana glaciation
Mafic intrusions Huqf area
'Angudan unconformity'
Volcanics
Volcanics
Gaskiers Glacial Epoch
Formation NE-SW trending SaltBasins in an orogenic retro-arcsetting
Pan
afric
anor
ogen
y:ac
cret
ion
ofis
land
arcs
and
mic
roco
ntin
ents
Regional subsidence related todepression of lithosphere asso-ciated with subduction of oce-anic crust under northeast mar-gin of Arabian plate
Najd strike slip fault tectonics(570 - 530 Ma)
Sturtian Glacial Epoch
Extension of compositebasement terrain
PDO Drawing No.: 104126 PC
3) Base Ordovician (490 million years)
2) Base Cambrian (543 million years)
Angudan missing overburden
Ghudun - Khasfah - High South Oman Salt Basin Eastern Flank
Mahwis/Amin
Nimr Clastics
Ara Clastics
Ara Salt
Athel
Ara Carbonate
Nafun
Masirah Bay
Ghadir Manqil Basement+ +
+ + + ++ + + +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + ++ + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + + ++ + + +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
++
+
+
+
3
2
1
?
?
?
1) Top Nafun (~550 Ma)
Cambrian Tectonostratigraphic Evolutionof the South Oman Salt Basin
(Schematic from seismic )
10’s
to15
0m
10’s
to15
0m
A1A1
A3A3
A2
A4A4A5
A6 MassiveAnhydrite
ShallowPonds
Cross-lam.and lam.
Mudstones toGrainstones
Shallowsubtidal
SapropelicLaminites; occ .Thrombolites
Deepersubtidal(below
wavebase)
MassiveAnhydrite
Halite
ShallowPonds
Dissolution Residue
Lithology SettingARA GROUP CYCLESShallow Deep
Huqf Supergroup Regional and Reservoir Stratigraphy
OMAN SUBSURFACE STRATIGRAPHY
Limestone shallow water
Limestone deep water
Dolomite
Marl
Anhydrite
Salt
Shale
Sandstone
Siltstone
Conglomerate
Silicilyte
Tuff
Igneous/Metamorphic Basement
Source rock potential
Diamictite
LEGEND:
PIACENZIANL0.011.83.65.37.1
11.2
14.816.4
20.5
23.8
28.5
33.7
37.0
41.3
49.0
54.8
57.9
61.0
65.0
E
L
E
L
M
E
L
M
E
E
L
ZANCLEANMESSINIAN
TORTONIAN
SERRAVALLIANLANGHIAN
BURDIGALIAN
AQUITANIAN
CHATTIAN
RUPELIAN
PRIABONIAN
BARTONIAN
LUTETIAN
YPRESIAN
DANIAN
THANETIAN
SELANDIAN
CALABRIAN
LATE
EARLY
LATE
EARLY
MIDDLE
MIDDLE
MAASTRICHTIAN
252.1
256.0
260.0
269.0
282.0
304.0
290.0
327.0
342.0
354.0
364.0
370.0
380.0
391.0
400.0
412.0
417.0
423.0
428.0
443.0
449.0
458.0
464.0
485.0
490.0
506.0
509.0
498.0
543.0
71.3
83.585.8
89.0
93.5
99.0
112.2
121.0
127.0
132.0
137.0
144.2
150.7
154.1
164.4
159.4
CAMPANIAN
TATARIAN
UFIMIAN-KAZANIAN
KUNGURIAN
ARTINSKIAN
SAKMARIAN
ASSELIAN
STEPHANIAN
WESTPHALIAN
NAMURIAN
VISEAN
TOURNAISIAN
FAMENNIAN
FRASNIAN
GIVETIAN
EIFELIAN
EMSIAN
PRAGHIAN
LOCKHOVIAN
PRIDOLIAN
WENLOCKIAN
LLANDOVERIAN
ASHGILLIAN
CARADOCIAN
LLANDEILIAN
LLANVIRNIAN
ARENIGIAN
TREMADOCIAN
SANTONIANCONIACIAN
TURONIAN
CENOMA-NIAN
ALBIAN
APTIAN
BARREMIAN
HAUTERIVIAN
VALANGINIAN
BERRIASIAN
TITHONIAN
KIMMERIDGIAN
OXFORDIAN
CALLOVIAN
BATHONIAN
BAJOCIAN
AALENIAN
TOARCIAN
PLIENSBACHIAN
SINEMURIAN
HETTANGIAN
NORIAN
RHAETIAN
CARNIAN
LADINIAN
ANISIAN
OLENEKIAN
169.2
176.5180.1
195.3
189.6
201.9
205.7
209.6
234.3
227.4
248.2
244.8
241.7
315.0
L
L
M
E
E
E
L
L
L
M
10
20
30
50
60
40
70
90
80
100
120
130
110
140
160
150
170
190
200
180
210
230
220
240
260
270
250
280
300
290
310
330
340
320
350
370
360
380
400
410
390
420
440
430
450
470
480
460
490
510
500
520
540
550
530
560
580
570
590
610
620
600
630
650
640
660
680
690
670
700
720
710
730
750
760
740
770
790
780
INDUAN
LUDLOVIAN
AKSAYANSAKSIAN
AYUSOKKANIA
MAYAN
AMGAN
512.0
517.0
521.0
TOYONIAN
BOTOMIAN
ATDABANIAN
TOMMOTIAN
NEMAKIT-DALDYNIAN
530.0
565.0
EDIACARAN
TER
MIN
ALN
EOPR
OTE
RO
ZOIC
600.0
MARINOAN
700.0
POST STURTIAN
STURTIAN
CR
YOG
ENIA
NN
EOPR
OTE
RO
ZOIC
'VEN
DIA
N'
HOLOCENEPLEISTOCENE
PLIOCENE
MIO
CEN
E
NEO
GEN
E
OLI
GO
CEN
EEO
CEN
EPA
LEO
CEN
E
PALE
OG
ENE
LATE
EARLY
CAR
BO
NIF
ERO
US
CR
ETAC
EOU
SJU
RAS
SIC
TRIA
SSIC
PER
MIA
ND
EVO
NIA
N
E
SILU
RIA
NO
RD
OVI
CIA
NC
AMB
RIA
N
AGE(Ma) PERIOD
QUATERNARY
EPOCH AGE PICK(Ma)
'RIP
HEA
N'
L
M
E
E
M
ERA
CEN
OZO
ICM
ESO
ZOIC
PALA
EOZO
ICTE
RTI
ARY
419.0
470.0
220.7
800
Time scale adapted from: The Geological Society of America 1999 timescale compiled by Palmer, A.R. and Geissman, J.. Sources for nomencla-ture and ages: primarily from Gradstein, F., and Ogg, J., 1996, Episodes, v. 19, nos, 1&2; Gradstein, F., et al., 1995, SEPM Special Pub. 54, p. 95-128;Berggren, W.A., et al., 1995 SEPM Special Pub. 54, p. 129-212; Basal Ordovician ages adapted from Landing, E., 1998, Canadian Journal ofEarth Sciences, v. 35, p. 329-338; and Davidek, K., et al., 1998 Geological Magazine, v. 135, p 305-309. Cambrian age picks and nomenclatureand Neo Proterozoic nomenclature from Braiser 1999 (Internal PDO report)
10
20
30
50
60
40
70
90
80
100
120
130
110
140
160
150
170
190
200
180
210
230
220
240
260
270
250
280
300
290
310
330
340
320
350
370
360
380
400
410
390
420
440
430
450
470
480
460
490
510
500
520
540
550
530
560
580
570
590
610
620
600
630
650
640
660
680
690
670
700
720
710
730
750
760
740
770
790
780
800
AGE(Ma)
F78
F77
F76F75
F73-F74F72F71 1
2F68 F687
F685F683
F66F65
F67
F64?
F62
F61
F577-5
3
596522
802
F5637
F55 73
F54F53
F52 73
F51
571
648
578
850
F47
3
5
79
4214
F45
3
5
7
4009 B
A
4191
2262 B
A
2242 F307
3
2255
2247
2241
2370
2351 1095
2103
2252
2190
FZA
2141 B
A
2165
2159
2121
1003
1005
1012
1098
1108
Palyn. Micropal. Sharland etal. 2001
(* = time shifted)
NG40NG30NG20
NG23
PG30
PG20
PG10
K180
K170
K160K150
K140K130K120K110
K100
K90
K80
K70K60K50K40
K30K20
K10
J110
J100J90J80 J70
J60J50
J40
J30
J20
J10
TR80
TR70
TR60
TR50
TR40
TR30TR20TR10P40 P30P20
P10
C10
D30
S20
S10
O40
O20O10*
CM30*
CM20*
CM10*
PC20*
PC10*
AP1
AP2AP1
AP3AP2
AP4AP3
AP5AP4
AP6AP5
AP7AP6
AP8AP7
AP9AP8
AP10AP9
AP11AP10
9
N S
Time Stratigraphy
By Henk Droste, July 2001 with contributions from Pieter. Spaak, Peter Osterloff, Joachim Amthor, Juma Al Belushi, Hisham Al Siyabi, JohnGrotzinger and Mohammed Al Tonbary.
PDO
D20
D10
O30
SequenceStratigraphy
PetroleumGeologyBiozonationGeological Timescale
?
? ?
?
Masirah Bay
Khufai
Fars Taqa
Shuram
Buah
Ara
Ghadir Manqil
Karim
Haradh
Amin
Miqrat Mahwis
Al Bashair
Barik
BarakatMabrouk
Ghudun
Saih Nihayda
Hasirah
Sahmah
Misfar
Al Khlata P9
Al Khlata P5
Al Khlata P1
Al Khlata Rahab
Lower Gharif
Haushi lmst
Middle & Upper Gharif Lower Khuff
Upper Khuff
Jilh
Sudair
'Minjur'
Lower Mafraq
Upper Mafraq
Dhruma
Tuwaiq
Hanifa
Condensed section?
Arab?
Rayda
Salil
Habshan
Lekhwair
KharaibShuaiba 'Mesozoic clastics'
Nahr Umr
Natih
Fiqa Shargi
Fiqa Arada
SimsimaShammar UER
Damman
Fars 'clastics & evaporites Note: Fars lithologies schematic!
Und
iffer
entia
ted!
Middle Khuff
RUS
Natih
Shuaiba
Kharaib
Lekhwair
Mes.Clast.
Rayda
Mafraq
Jilh
Sudair
Gharif
Al Khlata
Safiq
Ghudun
Barik
Miqrat
MahwisAmin
Haradh
Karim
AraAthelBirba
Buah
Oil + conden-sate Exp IP asper Feb 2001
2000 x106m3
1000 x106m3
< 400 x106m3
Natih
Shuaiba
Rayda
Dhruma
Mafraq
Sudair
Gharif
Al Khlata
Barik
Miqrat
Amin
Ara
Buah
ShammarShale
Fiqa Shale
Intra-NatihShale
NahrUmrShale
Intr. ShuaibaShaleHawarArg. LmstLekhwairArg. LmstMes.Clast.
Salil Arg. Lmst
Rayda Lmst
Mafraq Shale
Sudair Shale
Intra KhuffShales
Khuff Khuff
Basal KhuffShale
Intra- GharifShales
Al KhlataRahab Shale
Safiq Shale
MabroukShale
Miqrat siltst.
Haradh Siltst.
Karim Shale
Ara Salt
500 x109m3
< 100 x109m3
250 x109m3
Non Ass. GasExp IP as perFeb 2001
Seals tobookedreserves as perFeb 2001
200 accumul.
< 20 accumul.
Hydrocarbons Seals SourceRocksOil Gas
TaqaShale
ShammarShale
Natih b&echalk
Shuaibachalk
Fiqa Shale
Damman
Khuff
Gharif shale
Misfar Shale
SahmahShale
Al KhlataRahab Shale
? Hanifachalk
Buah/Shuram
Ara Silicilyte,ShaleCarb stringers
Abu Mahara
Khufai
Source rockdata fromRKTR84.099and Terken etal. 1999
Thin/Marginal
Good
BasalNahr Umr
Jubaila
Gas Gen.Oil Gen.
Oil generation histories for the different source rocks in Oman(scale oil generation rate 70 - 0 kg/m2/Ma)
Rim basin (West margin of GSB, Dhahaban SR)
Fahud Salt Basin (Dhahaban SR)
Foreland Basin (Diyab/Hanifa SR)
Foreland Basin (Shuaiba and Natih SR)
Ghaba and South Oman Salt Basins (Huqf SR)
Gas generation histories for the different source rocks in Oman(scale dry gas generation rate 1.5 - 0 kg/m2/Ma)
Rim basin (West margin of GSB, Dhahaban SR)
Fahud Salt Basin (Dhahaban SR)
Foreland Basin (Diyab/Hanifa SR)
Foreland Basin (Shuaiba and Natih SR)
Ghaba and South Oman Salt Basins (Huqf SR)
‘Mirbat Sst.’
*
100 km
18o
** **
*
*
*
**
*
**
* *
*** * *
**
55o 57o
**
??
Oman Petroleum Systems
20o
22o
Migration paths
Fields / Shows
LEGENDMZ & TT kitchen areas
Huqf and/or Q SR
Shuaiba/Hanifa SR
Natih SR
PZ kitchen areasHuqf SR
*
Huqf / Q mixHuqf
*Q*
Tuwaiq
*
Athel, Buah,U, Shuram
*
Natih*
*Gas Fields
B*
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