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2013 Annual ReportOklahoma Department of Corrections
The mission of the Oklahoma Department of Corrections is to Protect the Public, the Employees, and the Offenders.
standing proud
The Oklahoma Department of Corrections will create a culture that empowers individuals, encourages teamwork, employs best practices, and embraces diversity.
Produced by the Executive Communications Office
- 2013 Annual Report -Oklahoma Department of Corrections
On the Cover: In January of 2002 an ice storm devastated the community of Granite, Oklahoma where the Oklahoma State Reformatory (OSR) is located. During the clean up, an OSR offender, whose profession on the outside was a tree trimmer, used a chainsaw to carve the destroyed trees into chairs.
Photo by Patricia Isbell.
Foreword
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MARY FALLINGovernor
MICHAEL C. THOMPSONSecretary
Safety and Security
KEVIN J. GROSSChairman
Board of Corrections
STEVE BURRAGESecretary
Board of Corrections
GENE HAYNESMember
Board of Corrections
FRAZIER HENKEMember
Board of Corrections
LINDA K. NEALMember
Board of Corrections
MICHAEL W. ROACHMember
Board of Corrections
EARNEST D. WAREMember
Board of Corrections
EDWARD EVANSInterim Director
Operating EnvironmentGeographic Distribution of Work Locations - 8
WorkforceFilled Full-Time Equivalents - 12Number of Correctional Officers - 12Number of Probation and Parole Officers - 12Volunteer Services - 13Percentage of Employees Eligible to Retire Within Three Years - 13Number of Retirements - 13
National Offender Population - 15
Oklahoma Offender PopulationDemographics - 17Receptions and Releases - 19
Offender Prison Receptions: Violent versus Non-Violent - 19Offender Prison Releases: Release Type - 19Offender Prison Population: Incarcerated, Receptions, Releases - 20Yearly Offender Growth Trends - 20Life Without Parole - 21Offenders Serving >50 Years for Controlling Offense - 21Offenders with Life Controlling Offense Type - 21
County Jail Backup - 22
Contract Bed Space - 23
Contents
Offender Work ProgramsAgri-Services - 25Oklahoma Correctional Industries - 25Number of Offenders Employed in Enterprise Operations - 26
Offender Treatment ProgramsFiscal Year 2013 Program Participation - 29
Probation and Parole - 31
Specific PopulationsMedical - 33
Offender Population 50 Years of Age and Older - 33Health Care Expenditures - 34
Mental Health - 35 Number of Offenders Served Last Year - 38 Collaborative Mental Health Reentry Program - 38Female Offenders - 39Hispanic Offenders - 39
National Funding and Expenditure TrendsAppropriations History, FY2005 to FY2014 - 42Corrections as Percentage of Total General Fund Expenditures - 43Fiscal Year 2013 Actual Expenditures by Expenditure Type - 44Restitution to Victims - 45Fiscal Year 2015 Appropriation Request - 45
2014 Proposed Legislative Initiatives - 46
CONTENTS Contents
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Operating Environment
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Departmental services are organized into six distinct divisions:
Field Operations includes: Agri-Services; Classification & Population; Sentence Administration; Female Offender Diversion Program; Institutions; one female community corrections center; 3 female halfway house facilities; K-9 Program; Oklahoma Correctional Industries; Private Prison and Jail Administration; Construction/Asbestos; Procedures and Accreditation; Safety Administration; Religious and Volunteer Services; Security; and Central Transportation Unit.
Administrative Services includes: Contracts and Acquisitions; Information Technology; Personnel; and Records Disposition.
Business Operations includes: Evaluation & Analysis; Finance & Accounting; and Offender Banking.
Community Corrections includes: Five male community corrections centers; fifteen community work centers; eight male halfway house facilities; Probation, Parole and Interstate Services; and six probation and parole districts.
Community Sentencing and Offender Information Services includes: Community Sentencing; and Grants Administration.
Employee Development and Offender Services includes: Medical Services; Mental Health Services; Oklahoma Correctional Career Development Center; Programs; and Victim Services.
Other administrative units include: Employee Rights and Relations; Executive Communications; Internal Affairs; and General Counsel.
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Facility and Community Locations
This map provides a view of the geographic
distribution of institutions, community correction centers, and probation
and parole district offices.
(Updated December 2013)
Northwest District Community Corrections
PROBATION & PAROLE SUB-OFFICES
Alva, Clinton, Cordell, Elk City, Enid, Guthrie, Guymon, Kingfisher, Mangum, Pawhuska, Pawnee, Perry, Ponca City, Skiatook, Stillwater, Watonga, Weatherford, and Woodward
Southwest District Community Corrections
PROBATION & PAROLE SUB-OFFICES
Altus, Anadarko, Bridge Creek, Chickasha, Duncan, Frederick, Hobart, Norman, Purcell, and Waurika
Southwest District Community Corrections
PROBATION & PAROLE SUB-OFFICES
Ada, Antlers, Ardmore, Atoka, Chandler, Coalgate, Durant, Eufaula, Holdenville, Hugo, Idabel, Madill, Marietta,
Okemah, Poteau, Shawnee, Stigler, Sulphur, and Wilburton
Northeast District Community Corrections
PROBATION & PAROLE SUB-OFFICES
Bartlesville, Broken Arrow, Claremore, Jay, Miami, Nowata, Okmulgee, Sallisaw, Sapulpa, Tahlequah, and Vinita
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Workforce
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Correctional officers comprised the largest segment of the Oklahoma Department of Corrections workforce as of July 1, 2013. Uniformed staff were 80.47% male with an overall age of 42.3. Non-uniformed staff were 57.4% female with an overall average age of 48.9.
By race, the largest percentage of the agency’s workforce is Caucasian (78.29%) followed by Black (9.66%), American Indian (8.78%), Hispanic (2.5%), and Asian (0.77%) as of July 1, 2013.
Overall, the total number of filled positions in Fiscal Year 2013 (3,897) is 51 positions less than the total number of filled positions in Fiscal Year 2012 (3,948).
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Correctional officers comprised the largest
segment of the Oklahoma Department of Corrections workforce
as of July 1, 2013.
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
This chart visually illustrates the changes in filled FTE since
July 1, 2004. NOTE: FTE numbers are
reported in whole numbers. Partial positions are not
reflected.
FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY2013
Correctional Officers 1963 1933 2003 2007 2003 1932 1867 1761 1673 1596
Probation/Parole Officers 291 300 337 340 345 344 312 281 276 281
Medical Staff 383 384 369 366 386 372 355.3 374.8 383 376
Others 2010 1974 1996 1990 2086 2046 1815 1638 1617 1644
Department of Corrections
Filled FTE History
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013
NUMBER OF CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS
1,596
1,963
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013
NUMBER OF PROBATION AND PAROLE OFFICERS
281291
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The agency’s workforce is supplemented
through the use of 3,976 volunteers.
These volunteers serve in many capacities
and provide invaluable services to the
Oklahoma Department of Corrections.
Average Number of Volunteer Hours
Monthly, Fiscal Year 201310,506
Oklahoma Department of Corrections employees have an average 13.3 years to retirement eligibility according to the Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report and Workforce Summary issued by the Office of Management and Enterprise Services (OMES). The chart below provides a history of calendar year employee retirements.
NUMBER OF RETIREMENTS
NOTE: CY 2009 and CY 2010 numbers are significantly higher because of voluntary retirement buyout. Calendar Year 2013 numbers are through October 31, 2013.
Calendar Year
144
114
106
126
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
161
214
213
862011
2012 89
2013 123
Corrections
11.7
13.3
General Safety, Security Inspections,
& Investigations
13.9
21.9
Law Enforcement
14.2
20.9
Social Services
14.9
21.6
Classified Employees
12.5
26.4
Selected Agency
Years of Service
Average years to retirement
eligibility
Unclassified Employees
11.7
26.7
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National Offender Population
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According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, at calendar year-end 2012 nearly 6.94 million people in the U.S. were under supervision by adult correctional systems. Of that number, 4,781,300 were either under probation or parole and 1,483,900 were in prison. These numbers were down from 2011 by 0.8% and 1.4%, respectively.
Approximately 7 out of 10 offenders were supervised in the community on probation or parole. Approximately 2 out of 10 were incarcerated in state or federal prison.
The U.S. imprisonment rate for males was 910 per 100,000 residents; for females, the rate was 63 per 100,000 residents.
Just under 3.0% of black males in the country were in state or federal prisons, compared to 0.5% of white males and 1.2% of Hispanic males.
At calendar yearend 2012, there were 45,173 adult offenders under correctional supervision in Oklahoma. Of that number, 20,627 offenders were supervised under probation or parole and 24,546 offenders were incarcerated. The cumulative probation and parole number was down from 2011 by nearly 6.0%, while the percent of offenders incarcerated rose by just under 1.0%.
Of those under correctional supervision, approximately 4.6 out of 10 offenders were supervised in the community on probation or parole. Approximately 5.4 out of 10 offenders were incarcerated.
At fiscal yearend 2013, the rate of Oklahomans under incarcerated supervision for males was 1,178 per 100,000 residents; for females, the rate was 126 per 100,000 residents.
About 4.8% of black males in Oklahoma are incarcerated compared to 0.9% of white males and 0.8% of Hispanic males.
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Note: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Hispanic origin is considered an ethnicity, not a race. Hispanics may be of any race (e.g., black Hispanic, white Hispanic). Therefore, Oklahoma resident population numbers by race are based on the non-Hispanic population. Hispanic category is based on those self-reporting Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. Those reporting Hispanic and white were counted as Hispanic. This same level of distinction is not available for ODOC race/ethnicity data.
Sources: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Correctional Population in the United States, 2012 (NCJ 243936), Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prisons in 2012 – Advance Counts (NCJ 242467), Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prisons in 2012: Trends in Admissions and Releases, 1991-2012 (NCJ 243920), Oklahoma Department of Corrections, Offender Management System, Evaluation and Analysis fiscal yearend data extracts, U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Selected Age Groups by Sex for States: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012
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Oklahoma Offender Population
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Incarcerated OffendersOf the state’s 26,539 incarcerated offenders (which excludes county jail backup), 53.9% are white and 46.1% are non-white.
The controlling or major offense of half of Oklahoma’s incarcerated offenders is a non-violent crime.
The average age of incarcerated offenders is 38.1.
Compared to the state’s general population, the U.S. Census Bureau reports Caucasians are 75.5% of the state’s population; African Americans represents 7.6% of the state’s population.
Probation ClientsThe majority of the state’s 21,085 probation clients are primarily white and male.
The majority of probation clients committed non-violent crimes.
The average age of probation clients is 36.0.
Parole ClientsThe majority of the state’s 3,059 parole clients are primarily white and male.
The majority of parole clients committed non-violent crimes.
The average age of parole clients is 45.3.
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GENDER
Alcohol-Related 7.9%
Violent24.1%
Other, Non-Violent
33.4%
Drug-Related 34.6%
Caucasian62.9%
African American
18%
Native American
8.6%
Hispanic8.1%
Other2.4%
Male76.7%
Female23.3%
PROBATION CLIENTS
CRIME TYPE
Other, Non-Violent
20.8%
Violent21.6%
Alcohol-Related 1.5% Drug-Related
56.1%
Caucasian54.3%
African American
30.5%
Native American
5.2%
Hispanic8.8%
Other1.2%
Male83.7%
Female16.3%
Drug-Related 27.1%
Violent48.2%
Other, Non-Violent
22.2% Alcohol-Related2.5%
Caucasian53.9%
African American
28.1%
Native American
9.7%
Hispanic7.7%
Other.6%
Male89.80%
Female10.20%
INCARCERATED OFFENDERS
PAROLE CLIENTS
PROBATION CLIENTS
INCARCERATED OFFENDERS
PAROLE CLIENTS
ETHNICITYPROBATION
CLIENTSINCARCERATED
OFFENDERSPAROLE CLIENTS
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Receptions and Releases, Fiscal Year 2004 – Fiscal Year 2013
The following charts show the 10 year trend of of-fender receptions and releases. Receptions are convicted felons taken into custody of the Oklahoma Department of Correc-tions.
Offender Prison Receptions by Violent vs. Non-Violent Fiscal Year Comparison - FY 2004 to FY2013
FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013Violent 2,210 2,288 2,288 2,559 2,553 2,615 2,903 2,582 2,641 2,539Non-Violent 6,507 6,443 6,137 6,345 6,211 6,092 6,473 5,774 5,973 5,870
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
ce
pti
on
s
Prison Receptions for a Violent vs. Non-Violent CrimeFiscal Year Comparison - FY 2002 to FY 2013
Offender Prison Releases by Type Fiscal Year Comparison - FY 2004 to FY2013
FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013Paroled 2,238 1,655 1,106 1,105 1,257 1,117 760 636 497 576Probation 2,656 3,064 3,253 3,160 3,113 3,338 3,440 3,489 3,371 3,040Street 3,476 3,404 3,566 3,832 4,118 4,232 4,350 4,615 4,257 4,025
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
Nu
mb
er o
f R
ele
ase
s
Prison Releases by Release TypeFiscal Year Comparison - FY 2004 to FY 2013
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Offender Population: Incarcerated, Receptions and Releases - FY 2004 to FY 2013
Note: Population numbers are based on Department of Corrections Weekly Population Analysis, and the receptions and releases are based on data extracted from the Offender Management System.
FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013Population 23,221 23,948 24,376 25,023 25,297 25,200 25,935 25,458 25,889 26,539Receptions 8,717 8,731 8,425 8,904 8,764 8,707 9,376 8,356 8,614 8,409Releases 8,370 8,123 7,925 8,097 8,488 8,687 8,550 8,740 8,125 7,641
7,400
7,900
8,400
8,900
9,400
21,500
22,500
23,500
24,500
25,500
26,500
27,500
Rece
ptio
ns a
nd R
elea
ses
Inca
rcer
ated
Pop
ulat
ion
Population: Incarcerated, Receptions and Releases - FY 2003 to FY 2013
The chart (below) shows the comparison of the state’s offender population with receptions and releases.
Yearly Offender Growth Trends
FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013Total Sentenced Offenders 23,221 23,948 24,376 25,023 25,297 25,200 25,935 25,458 25,869 26,553DOC Facilities 16,592 17,127 17,096 17,697 17,903 18,248 18,336 18,027 18,106 17,902Contract Beds 6,196 6,174 6,454 6,501 6,530 6,089 6,534 6,324 6,420 7,312Out & Community Programs 433 647 826 825 864 863 1,065 1,107 1,343 1,339
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
Con
trac
t B
eds
an
d O
ut
& C
om
mu
nit
y Pr
ogr
ams
Inm
ates
To
tal a
nd
DO
C Fa
cilit
ies
Yearly Offender Growth Trends
The chart (below) illustrates yearly offender incarceration growth trends since July 2004. It does not include offenders sentenced to probation or other sanctions.
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FY 2013 Incarcerated Offenders with Life Without Parole Controlling Offense Types
Controlling # %Violent 741 93.7
Non-Violent 50 6.3
Overall 791 100
Non-Violent6.3%
Violent93.7%
FY 2013 Incarcerated Offenders with Life Controlling Offense Types
Non-Violent4.3%
Violent95.7%
FY 2013 Incarcerated Offenders Serving >50 Years for a Controlling Offense
Non-Violent12.1%
Violent87.9%
Controlling # %Violent 444 87.9
Non-Violent 61 12.1
Overall 505 100
Controlling # %Violent 1,708 95.7
Non-Violent 76 4.3
Overall 1,703 100
Offenders sentenced to Life Without Parole represent 2.9% of the total offender population.
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MONEY PAID TO COUNTIES FOR PER DIEM AND MEDICAL
10 15 20 25 30
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Fiscal Year
Millions
$26,391,427
$11,238,000
Fiscal Year
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
1000
1500
2000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Fiscal Year
JAIL BACKUP COUNT POPULATION
1,303
1,646
County Jail Backup Offenders sentenced by the court to the Oklahoma Department of Corrections are housed in county jails until actual reception into department custody.
Financial responsibility for offender housing costs shifts from the county to the Oklahoma Department of Corrections upon court sentencing.
The daily charge to the Department by the counties for offenders housed in county jails is set by statute and is currently set at $27 plus all medical costs.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Mill
ion
s
Fiscal Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PRIVATE PRISON EXPENDITURES (FY2004 TO FY2013)
$57,473,196
$79,285,938
0
50
10
15
20
Mill
ion
s
Fiscal Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
HALFWAY HOUSE EXPENDITURES (FY2004 TO FY2013)
$15,574,689
$12,072,718
Contract Bed Space
Oklahoma began contracting for
private prison bed space with Okla-
homa private prison facilities in April
1996.
Currently three private facilities in
this state have contracts to provide
maximum and medium security
beds to the Oklahoma Department
of Corrections. The agency has con-
tracts with 11 halfway houses for res-
idential services.
NOTE: In April 2007, the Oklahoma Department of Corrections was evicted from Great Plains Correctional Facility (not shown
above), resulting in 804 offenders being moved elsewhere.
The increased use of contract prison
beds to accommodate net offender
growth has resulted in expenditure
growth beyond the agency’s appro-
priated resources. To meet this cost
growth, numerous facility infrastruc-
ture, technology, vehicle replacements,
programmatic and staffing needs have
been chronically deferred, reduced in
scope, or reallocated.
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Offender Work Programs
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Agri-Services
Agri-Services plays a vital role in enabling offenders to learn
valuable job skills and work ethics that can benefit them upon
release. Collectively, farm operations total 24,037 acres where
livestock production and management, along with farm man-
agement skills, are taught utilizing a hands-on method by qual-
ified farm managers. Over 3,400 head of cattle are maintained
for beef production; 400 head of dairy cows are maintained
for milk production. Agri-Services operates a meat process-
ing plant as well as a food processing plant. Annual produc-
tion at the meat processing plant is approximately 3,000,000
pounds, and an additional 242,165 pounds of corn dogs and
vegetables were processed during 2013 at the food process-
ing plant. Total vegetable production for 2013 was 797,071
pounds, and all is used at the facility kitchens to feed the of-
fender population.
Wheat, corn, milo, pecans, and alfalfa hay are grown on avail-
able land to supplement livestock herds and/or to generate
cash income for the operation.
Oklahoma Correctional Industries
Oklahoma Correctional Industries operates production facilities
at a number of institutions, offering customers quality products
at reasonable prices while reducing offender idleness and
providing job skills training. This results in significant overall
tax savings to the general public. The five largest product lines
are license tags and plates, garment operations, modular office
systems, upholstered furniture and metal fabrication.
The Department of Corrections has
two enterprise operations,
Agri-Services and Oklahoma
Correctional Industries,
which employ incarcerated
offenders.
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AGRI-SERVICES TOTAL SALES
FY 2006$8,106,967
FY 2007$8,572,415
FY 2008$10,345,533
FY 2009$19,172,154
FY 2010$9,490,614
FY 2011$8,790,758
FY 2012$7,764,177
FY 2013$10,600,000
(estimated) 0
100
200
300
400
500
FISCAL YEAR 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
466
338371376372375
448
338
AGRI-SERVICES
385
Number of Offenders Employed in Enterprise Operations
PHOTO BY COURTNEY FREEBORN
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CORRECTIONAL INDUSTRIES TOTAL SALES
FY 2006$15,733,376
FY 2007$19,167,296
FY 2008$16,165,452
FY 2009$19,741,891
FY 2010$14,810,400
FY 2011$13,619,588
FY 2012$15,191,881
FY 2013$15,862,962 0
500
1000
1500
2000
FISCAL YEAR 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
1,024
1,1711,168
1,0091,002
1,1561,041
OKLAHOMA CORRECTIONAL INDUSTRIES
1,575
Number of Offenders Employed in Enterprise Operations
1,133
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Offender Treatment Programs PHO
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The Programs Unit is responsible for providing various intervention and reentry services to offenders during all facets of incar-
ceration and pre-release. Programs offered to offenders include the following:
Educational Services offerings focus on literacy; adult basic education (ABE); General Equivalency Diploma (GED) acquisition;
and CIMC Life Skills. Educational opportunities are available across all security levels.
Each year offenders ODOC offenders earn their high school diplomas and many have access to college courses that lead to
acquiring Associates & Bachelor Degrees
Substance Abuse Programs utilize cognitive behavioral modalities to address drug addiction and abuse. Offenders may par-
ticipate in treatment programs for periods ranging from four months to a year, depending upon facility locale and program
availability. Participation data is collected and analyzed to ensure effectiveness of treatment programs.
Cognitive Restructuring Programs are offered in the form of Thinking for a Change.This programs offer a curriculum that in-
structs offenders on how to rearrange their thought processes in a way that impacts their behavior in a positive manner.
12,856 offenders participated in treatment related programs during Fy2013.
During FY2013, a total of 12,856 offender participants completed one or more of the programs offered at various facility
locations. Substance Abuse Treatment and Cognitive Programs had a combined participant total of 4,014 during this period.
Educational Services (Literacy, ABE, GED, and CIMC-Life Skills) provided 8,481 offenders with services in this area.
Several forms of programming is offered to offenders at all facilities within the agency. The table below summarizes program participation.
FY 2013 Program ParticipationProgram Participation
Substance Abuse Treatment 2,103Thinking for a Change 1,911Literacy 1,785Adult Basic Education 2,058General Equivalency Diploma 2,279CIMC Life Skills 2,359Faith and Character Community 361
Total Served 12,856
During FY2013 plans are under consideration for enhancing treatment program participation by
adding approximately 116 additional treatment slots at various facilities throughout the system.
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Probation and Parole
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Probation revocations accounted for 23.4% of FY 2013
receptions. Of the offenders who were received on a
probation revocation, 54% were received into prison without
a new case and 46% were received with a new case. Some
probation violators may have been probationers supervised
by an agency other than the department. Parole violators
constituted 1.0% of all FY 2013 receptions.
54%W
ithout a
new case
46%W
ith a
new case
46% With a New Case
54% Without a New Case
OFFENDERS RECEIVED ON PROBATION REVOCATION FOR FY 2013
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Specific Populations
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Specific Populations PHO
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Medical
A 2008 Urban Institute Report on Offender Re-entry Health has documented the poor
health status of offenders entering prisons as compared with the general population.
Offender populations are aging due to longer prison sentences. This circumstance
is often made worse by offender’s tendency for unhealthy lifestyles, coupled with a
history of substance abuse or other chronic medical conditions.
The offender population 50 years and older in the Oklahoma Department of Correc-
tions has grown from 85 in 1980 to over 4,729 in Fiscal Year 2013.
Offender Population 50 Years of Age and Older
Year 50 and Older
1980 85
1994 879
2010 4,064
2011 4,179
2012 4,417
2013 4,729
Note: Data for 1980 and 1994 from Wheeler, et al., 1995. Data for 2010-present are generated using end-of-fiscal year data and only exclude offenders on escapee status.
• Oklahoma Department of Corrections health care expenditures demonstrate
consistent growth, reflecting the national trend.
• Factors increasing the cost of offender health care include: Increased offender
population, increased average age of offenders, market-driven increases in salaries
and benefits of health care personnel, and increased costs of non-Department of
Corrections physician and hospital services.
Less tangible factors affecting costs include: Improved overall quality of care,
compliance with community standards of care, and the evolution of medical
technology.
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Offender Health Care Expenditures
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013
Mill
ions $59,114,426
$55,061,688
6
7
8
FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013
Offender Health Care Expenditures - Daily
$6.67
$7.20
$7.35
$7.01$7.04
$7.40
$7.97$7.94
$7.80
$6.41
The chart below illustrates Oklahoma Department of Corrections health care expenditures have increased from $55,061,688 in Fiscal Year 2004 to over $59,000,000 in Fiscal Year 2013.
Despite the increase in health care
expenditures, the agency has improved
efficiency as evidenced by the drop in daily costs shown in the
chart left.
NOTE: Fiscal Year 2013 costs are budgeted,
not actual.
NOTE: Fiscal Year 2013 costs are budgeted, not actual.
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Mental Health
Offenders with mental health problems continue to be increasingly overrepresented in the DOC populations
compared to the community:
FY 2013 Prison Population Number PercentageHistory of or current symptoms of a mental illness: 14,625 55%
Current symptoms of a mental illness: 8,705 33%
Current Intellectual or cognitive disability: 292 1%Note: No offenders were excluded from this analysis.
FY 2006 THROUGH FY 2013 CHANGES IN PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATION DISTRIBUTION
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The Oklahoma Department of Corrections and
the Oklahoma Department of Mental Health
and Substance Abuse Services (ODMHSAS)
collaborative Mental Health Reentry Program
transitions incarcerated offenders with serious
mental illness into appropriate community-based
mental health services in the community. Reentry
Intensive Care Coordination Teams (RICCTs) are
under ODMHSAS contracts to be responsible for
engaging with the offender with serious mental
illness prior to discharge and then working
with them in the community until they are fully
participating in the appropriate community-based
mental health and substance abuse services.
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Mental health services are offered to
offenders at all prisons in the system.
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Number of Offenders Served Fiscal Year
Services FY2012 FY2013
Integrated Service Discharge Managers 253 256
Reentry Intensive Care Coordination Teams 158 207
Enhanced Integrated Co-Occurring Treatment Services 424 225
Collaborative Mental Health Reentry Program
Outcome Measure Baseline* RICCT
Inpatient hospitalizations 8.7% 1.1%
Outpatient service utilization 55.1% 78.4%
Rate of Engagement in Community Based Services 11.7% 65.3%
Offenders Engaged in Medicaid 90 Days Post Release 14.5% 42.1%
Offenders Returning to Prison within 36 Months 42.3% 24.2%
*The baseline comparison group was comprised of similar individuals prior to program implementation (2006)
The table below summarizes the FY2012 and FY2013 average monthly number of mental health services.
ServicesMental Health Services Activities FY2012 FY2013
Offenders in Group Sessions 1,637 1,158Number of Group Sessions 332 230Number of Individual Therapy Sessions 3,224 3,335Offenders Seen for Psychotropic Medication Management 2,589 2,829Crisis Interventions 849 900Staff Consultations 1,408 1,239
A recent outcome analysis of the program that was performed by ODMHSAS showed promising results. Outcomes
of offenders served during the first 36 months of the program were compared with a baseline group comprised
of similar individuals.
From FY2006 through FY2013, the number of offenders on psychotropic medications increased from 4,072 to
6,248, a 53% increase, while the general population eligible to receive these medications increased by nearly 8%.
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Female Offenders
Oklahoma has consistently ranked first in the rate
of female incarceration nationally, and projections
for the female offender population through Fiscal
Year 2013 indicate that ranking will continue.
The steady, small increases in female offender
numbers reflect reception and release patterns
that have stayed consistent in recent years. How-
ever, reception numbers appear to be slowing
down possibly decreasing.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013
Female Offender Population Actual and Projected Through FY2013
The chart on the right illustrates the increasing number of female offenders.
(Additional information is presented in the Oklahoma Department of Corrections
Division of Female Offender Operations Fiscal Year 2013 Annual Report.)
The chart on the bottom illustrates the increasing number of Hispanic offenders.
2,4752,702
NOTE: FY05-FY06 numbers come from the closest population analysis report to the end of the fiscal year. These numbers in include all DOC facilities, contract locations, and incarcerated offenders under Probation and Parole supervision (i.e., GPS/EMP), but exlcude offenders that are temporarily on the OUT count status (e.g., hospital, court, jail). FY07-present generated from the Offender Management System (OMS) and include all DOC facilities, as well as offenders that are temporarily on the OUT count status.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013
Hispanic Offender Population Actual and Projected Through FY2013
1,185
2,048
Hispanic Offenders
The Hispanic/Latino offender population in
Oklahoma prisons is the fastest growing ra-
cial/ethnic population in the system. While
the numbers are not a large proportion of the
total offender population at this time, their
growth and rate of increase pose definite is-
sues for effective and efficient management
of department institutions.
For 2011, the US Census Bureau estimates the
Hispanic population in Oklahoma to be 8.9%
of the total population. The DOC Hispanic of-
fender population is slightly over 7.7% of the
DOC incarcerated population.
NOTE: Numbers generated from the Offender Management System (OMS) and include all DOC facilities, contract locations, and incarcerated offenders under Probation and Parole supervision (i.e., GPS/EMP), as well as offender that are temporarily on the OUT count status (e.g., hospital, court, jail).
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National Funding & Expenditure Trends
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In fiscal 2012, corrections spending represented 3.3 percent of total state spending and 6.9
percent of general fund spending. General fund dollars are the primary source for state
corrections and account for $46.0 billion, or 86.4 percent, of all fiscal 2012 state corrections
spending. State funds (general funds and other state funds combined, but excluding bonds)
accounted for 96.6 percent of total state corrections spending in fiscal 2012. Federal funds
accounted for 1.9 percent and bonds accounted for 1.5 percent. Federal funds for corrections
declined by 34.5 percent in fiscal 2012, as American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)
funds began to expire. However, even with the sharp decline in federal funds, total state
spending for corrections still grew by 3.3 percent, illustrating the fact that state correctional
services are almost entirely financed by state funds.
State spending on corrections in fiscal 2013 is estimated to total $53.1 billion, a 0.2 percent
decline from fiscal 2012. State funds are estimated to increase by 0.3 percent, while federal
funds are estimated to decline by 11.7 percent. The slight decline in the overall growth rate
is partly due to recent efforts states have taken to control corrections spending. From fiscal
1987 to fiscal 2012, nominal spending from state funds for corrections increased from $11.4
billion to $51.3 billion. Over the past several years, states have begun targeting criminal
justice reforms to address the cost drivers of corrections expenditures.
The same report also documented expenditures for Oklahoma in fiscal 2012. Oklahoma
corrections expenditures were 2.5% of total state spending and 6.1% of total state general
fund spending. According to the report, the state’s corrections expenditures totaled $522
million in fiscal 2012.
The state general fund is the dominant source of the state’s corrections spending for fiscal
2012, providing 76.2%, of total monies spent in corrections. This percentage is considerably
lower than the national average of general fund support reported for the same year (86.4%).
Fiscal 2012 state general fund and other state funds made up 99.4 % of total corrections
spending. This percentage for Oklahoma was considerably higher than the national average
of 96.6%.
In contrast, fiscal 2012 federal funds accounted for only 0.57% of the total monies spent in
corrections. This level of federal funds was below the national average (1.9%) reported for
the same fiscal year.
SOURCE: National Association of State Budget Officers, State Expenditure Report (Fiscal 2011-2013)
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Appropriations History, FY2005 TO FY2014
Fiscal Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Appropriation 384,286,568 409,443,403 456,004,876 482,619,998 503,000,000 469,025,000 462,141,777 459,831,068 463,731,068 463,731,068
% Change prior year 2.8 6.5 11.4 5.8 4.2 -6.8 -1.5 -0.5 0.8% 0.00%
Supplemental 17,924,000 24,000,000 32,664,573 24,000,000 - 7,200,000 - - - -
Total State Appropriations
5,358,101,676 6,038,003,816 6,738,268,544 7,048,169,281 7,089,333,227 6,999,468,194 6,691,837,225 6,504,270,090 - -
100
200
300
400
500
600
FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014
MIil
lions
Oklahoma’s high costs associated with a high rate of per capita incarceration are reflected in the percentage of
general revenue fund expenditure.
Although Oklahoma corrections takes a larger share of general revenue funds, the state has one of the lowest
incarceration per diem rates, the result of incarcerating higher percentages of state citizens compared to surrounding
states.
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5.9%
5.6%
7.3%
8.5%
7.9%
8.5%
9.2%
Corrections as Percentage of Total General Fund Expenditures, FY 2013
New Mexico
Kansas
Colorado
Texas
Oklahoma
Arkansas
Missouri
Source: National Association of State Budget Officers: State Expendutre Report (Fiscal Year 2010-2012 Data)
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Salaries and Benefits51%
Private Prisons & Contracts
28%
Other* 8%
Utilities/Admin 3%
Maint/Repairs & Bldg. Const. 2%
Food/Supplies & Materials 6%
Equipment 1%
Debt Service 1%
FY 2013 Actual Expenditures by Expenditure Type
Note: *Other Expenditures-Over 1 Million: Merchandise for Resale (OCI & Agri-Services); Outside Medical Care; Offender Pay; Rent Expense; Production, Safety & Security; Shop Expense; General Operating ExpensesUnder 1 Million: Travel Agency Direct Payments; Incentive Payments; Travel reimbursements; Lease Purchasing; Library Equipment-Resources; Land; Livestock & Poultry; Employee reimbursements (Non-Travel); Payments to Local Government; Reimbursement
Source: DOC Finance and Accounting
The following chart provides a breakdown of Fiscal Year 2013 Actual Expenditures by expenditure type for the
Department of Corrections.
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Fiscal Year
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
$1,943,896
$1,937,104
$1,692,986
$1,853,136
$2,016,553
$1,771,559
$2,197,065
$1,983,539
$1,447,250
$1,270,299
Total from
FY2004 - FY2013
$18,113,387
Restitution Paid to Victims
Restitution to Victims
The following table provides a breakdown of restitution fees paid to victims since Fiscal Year 2004.
Following is a summary of the Oklahoma Department of Corrections Fiscal Year 2015 appropriation request.
Priority Item TotalA Annualize fully funded contract beds for FY 2014 $31,506,682
TOTAL REQUESTED APPROPRIATION INCREASE $31,506,682
REQUESTED FY 2015 APPROPRIATION $495,237,750
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PHO
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Clarify list of crimes excluded from
eligibility for delayed sentencing.
Amend Sex Offender Registration Act
to clarify registration requirement does not
apply while offender is incarcerated.
Increase time frame from six (6) months to twelve
(12) months from scheduled release for Parole Board
docketing of nonviolent offenders when all facilities reach
maximum capacity and DOC contracts for bedspace.
Amend statute on offender medical care to have
DOC pay Medicaid reimbursement for inpatient
hospitalization rather than current network rate.
Exempt offenders serving LWOP from requirement
to deposit 20% wages in mandatory savings,
payable upon discharge.
Department of Corrections
2014 Proposed Legislative Initiatives
This publication was printed by the Oklahoma Department of Corrections as authorized by the Executive Communications Administrator. The publication of this document consisted of 200 copies that were prepared and distributed at a cost of $1,420.69. Copies have been
deposited with the Publications Clearinghouse of the Department of Libraries.
Produced by the Executive Communications Office
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