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OIE Activities Related to Laboratory Support
USAID - FAO/OIE/WHO Joint MeetingStrengthening Animal/Human Health Laboratory
Capacities12 June 2009, Rome
OIE Key Facts
•Established in 1924•Intergovernmental Organisation – predates the UN•5 Permanent OIE Regional Representations •5 OIE Sub-Regional Offices•5 OIE Regional Commissions•174 Members
29
52
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OIE Contributions to Global Laboratory Capacity
OIE Goal = Ensuring transparency in the worldwide animal disease situation
• Disease Reporting• Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres• Laboratory Twinning• Evaluation of the Performance of Veterinary
Services (PVS) and PVS Gap Analysis (needs and priorities)
• Collaboration – the sum of the combined efforts is greater than what could be achieved by individual partners alone
SPS Agreement
Animal HealthOIE
Food SafetyCODEX
Plant HealthIPPC
International standard setting organizations
OIE Codes and Manuals must be used in context
with Codex Alimentarius and SPS Agreement
The linkage between OIE Codes and Manuals,
animal disease policy and the SPS Agreement
Animal Health Standards - OIE Major Texts for Terrestrial Animals
• Terrestrial Animal Health Code (Terrestrial Code)http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mcode/en_sommaire.htm
• Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (Terrestrial Manual)http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_summry.htm
• OIE Principles – Guidance, Standards, Transparency
Terrestrial Manual
• Principal target readership - laboratories carrying out veterinary diagnostic tests and surveillance, plus vaccine manufacturers and regulatory authorities in Member Countries
• Objective - to provide internationally agreed diagnostic laboratory methods and requirements for the production and control of vaccines and other biological products
• Living document, routinely incorporating democratically agreed upon revisions proposed by OIE experts to ensure up-to-date guidance
OIE Guidance and StandardsTerrestrial Manual Chapters
Introductory Chapters• Collection and shipment of diagnostic specimens• Biosafety and biosecurity in the veterinary
microbiology laboratory and animal facilities• Quality management in veterinary testing
laboratories• Principles of validation of diagnostic assays for
infectious diseases• Validation and quality control of polymerase
chain reaction methods used for the diagnosis of infectious diseases
OIE Guidance and StandardsTerrestrial Manual Chapters
Introductory Chapters (continued)• Laboratory methodologies for bacterial antimicrobial
susceptibility testing• Biotechnology in the diagnosis of infectious diseases
and vaccine development • Principles of veterinary vaccine production• Tests for sterility and freedom from contamination of
biological materials• Guidelines for international standards for vaccine banks• The role of official bodies in the international regulation
of veterinary biologicals
…and 113 additional disease specific chapters
Notification and Reporting
• Chapter 1.1. Notification of diseases andepidemiological information to WAHIS/WAHID A Secure Access system• Members shall…..
• Built upon a framework of a competent veterinary services and effective surveillance program
• Reporting from OIE delegate (usually the Chief Veterinary Officer) or proxy
OIE Listed Diseases – Multiple Species Diseases
• Anthrax• Aujeszky's disease• Bluetongue• Brucellosis (B.
abortus/melitensis/suis)• Crimean Congo
haemorrhagic fever• Echinococcosis/hydatidosis• Epizootic haemorrhagic disease• Equine encephalomyelitis
(Eastern)• Foot and mouth disease• Heartwater• Japanese encephalitis
• New world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax)
• Old world screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana)
• Paratuberculosis• Q fever• Rabies• Rift Valley fever • Rinderpest• Surra (Trypanosoma evansi)• Trichinellosis• Tularemia• Vesicular stomatitis• West Nile fever
Criteria for listing a disease
EXCLUDE
INTERNATIONAL SPREAD? EMERGING?
NO YES
SIGNIFICANT SPREAD IN NAIVE POPULATIONS?
NO
NO
EXCLUDE
YES
INCLUDEINCLUDE
YES
ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL?
Notification procedures Types of reports
• Immediate notification of disease, infection or unusual epidemiological events
• Weekly reports: follow-up to the immediate notification
• Final report:• if the outbreaks have ended (event closed)• if the situation becomes endemic
• Six-monthly report• Annual report
Emerging Disease
… a new infection resulting from the evolution or change of an existing pathogenic agent, a known infection spreading to a new geographic area or population, or a previously unrecognized pathogenic agent or disease diagnosed for the first time and which has a significant impact on animal or public health
OIE Role in Early Warning, Confirmation, Surveillance
• Unofficial information (including emerging, re-emerging and zoonotic diseases)• Rumor tracking and informal discussion often precedes
official reporting• Information from OIE Reference laboratories of
confirmation using established standards • OIE component of FAO/WHO/OIE collaborative GLEWS
project• Complemented by official notifications with complete
(and ongoing) information on the epidemiologic situation and control measures taken
• Developing new diagnostic assays and algorithms which can be validated and included in “living” Code and Manual
OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres*
• Reference Laboratories• 187 laboratories in 36 Member Countries
or Territories on 100 diseases• Expertise on named disease(s) on the OIE
lists• Identified international expert
• Collaborating Centres• 35 centres from 20 Member Countries or
Territories on 33 topics• Expertise in a specific designated sphere
of competence (epidemiology, risk analysis)
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* As of May 2009
OIE Reference Laboratory Mandate
Mandate: • to function as a centre of expertise and
standardisation for a designated disease(s) or topics;
• to store and distribute to national laboratories biological reference products and any other reagents used in the diagnosis and control of the designated disease(s) or topics;
• to develop new procedures for diagnosis and control of the designated disease(s) or topics;
• to gather, process, analyse and disseminate epizootiological data relevant to their speciality;
• to place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE
OIE Reference Laboratory Mandate
Additional contributions:• provision of scientific and technical training for
personnel from Member Countries of the Office; • provision of diagnostic testing facilities to
Member Countries• organisation of scientific meetings on behalf of
the Office; coordination of scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories or organisations; publication and dissemination of any information in their sphere of competence which may be useful to Member Countries of the Office.
OIE Reference Laboratory Reporting Responsibility
…provision of diagnostic testing facilities to Member Countries: In the case of results that are confirmed positive for diseases that are reportable to OIE, the Reference Laboratory should immediately inform the OIE Delegate of the Member Country from which the samples originated as well as the OIE Headquarters
List of OIE Reference Laboratories http://www.oie.int/eng/OIE/organisation/en_listeLR.htm
World Distribution of OIE Reference Laboratories (as of May 2008)
Each OIE Laboratory Twinning Project...• Is a link between OIE Reference Laboratory
or Collaborating Centre (Parent) and national laboratory (Candidate)
• Aims to improve expertise and diagnostic capacity with eventual aim of reaching OIE standards - Optimal goal is to achieve OIE Reference Laboratory designation
• Should be sustainable once the project is over
Extending the network of OIE capacity, expertise and standards through Laboratory Twinning• To provide regional support with better
geographical coverage for diseases and topics that are a priority in a given region
• Improved access for more countries to high quality diagnostics and expertise
• Better scientific expertise allows members to:• Readily apply science-based guidelines and
standards of OIE• To debate OIE scientific justification for
standards on an equal footing with other Members (better representation)
Approved and Active Twinning Projects
• Italy - Russia; avian influenza and Newcastle disease
• UK - China; CSF and rabies• USA - Brazil; avian
influenza and Newcastle disease
• Italy - Eritrea; brucellosis• Germany - Egypt; Avian
influenza and Newcastle disease
• Italy - Cuba; avian influenza and Newcastle disease
• UK - Turkey; brucellosis• Italy - Cuba; epidemiology • Italy - Botswana; CBPP• UK - South Africa; avian
influenza and Newcastle disease
• UK - Morocco; bluetongue and African horse sickness
• UK - Botswana; avian influenza and Newcastle disease
• Germany - Turkey; rabies
OIE Activities Related to Laboratory Support – Animal-
Human Interface• OIE Laboratory Twinning Project -
Investigate the capacity/ability of selected national laboratories to enhance the ability to respond to diseases at the animals-human-ecosystem interface (US CDC)
• Collaborative expansion of the Mediterranean Zoonoses Control Programme (MZCP) into a FAO/OIE/WHO center of excellence (e.g. Athens / Padova) to strengthen the tripartite effort to reduce risks of diseases at the animal-human-ecosystem interfaces
Relevant OIE collaborations with FAO and WHO
• GLEWS and related Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction outreach to countries
• OFFLU (OIE/FAO Network on Animal Influenza Expertise) – also with WHO Global Influenza Programme
• Joint Operations Coordination - CMC-AH (FAO/OIE) - SHOC (WHO) Collaboration
• “Strengthening Joint WHO/OIE/FAO Cooperation In the Management of Avian Influenza and other Zoonotic Diseases” (tripartite project with CIDA)
• Regular FAO/OIE/WHO tripartite meetings
PVS Evaluations and PVS Gap Analysis
• PVS and PVS Gap Analysis Trainings
• PVS evaluation of performance of Veterinary Services (using the OIE-PVS Tool)
• PVS Gap Analysis
• PVS follow-up missions
PVS – Chapter II – Technical Authority and Capability
• 4 Fundamental Components – 40 Critical competencies, of which:
• The authority and capability of the VS to develop and apply sanitary measures and science-based procedures supporting those measures• Section II-1 Veterinary laboratory diagnosis• Section II-2 Laboratory quality assurance• Section II-3 Risk analysis• Section II-4 Quarantine and border security• Section II-5 Epidemiological surveillance• Section II-6 Early detection and emergency
response• Section II-7 Disease prevention, control and eradication
Country Evaluation of the Performance of Veterinary
Services (PVS)Competent Veterinary Services is a Global Public
Good
• PVS Evaluation - a qualitative assessment of the performance and the compliance of the Veterinary Services with respect to the OIE international standards* on quality of VS
• PVS Gap Analysis - an identification of needs and the corresponding resources in collaboration with the host country authorities to address improved compliance for priority critical competencies as identified by a preceding PVS evaluation
* OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Chapter 3.2
Qualitative evaluation of the performance on 40critical competencies
Specific Objectives of the Country
Prioritization of the critical competencies and of related needs
PVS Gap Analysis
PVSEvaluation
PVS Gap Analysis process
• Gap identification and PVS Gap Analysis • National use for self improvement and
national budget applications (Ministry of Finance; Parliament)
• External use for financial support (Donors’ investment programs), if needed
• PVS Gap Analysis field visits• Dialogue with the country• Country appropriation/internal consultations• Validation of choices and priorities with the
country concerned
PVS Gap Analysis process
Special PVS Gap Analysis Project Animal-Human Interface
• Project to assess needed support by one or a few selected countries in respect to establishing and strengthening the veterinary services to respond to new or ongoing diseases within the animal-human-ecosystem interface, with an initial focus on avian influenza
• The activity will focus on a PVS Gap Analysis with the specific task to identify the links and potential for coordinated animal and human health response • In collaboration with US CDC avian influenza dedicated country
staff, and country human and animal health representatives• Using the PVS Gap Analysis and results from any existing human
health system evaluation (e.g., US CDC pandemic influenza monitoring and evaluation tool, WHO IHR assessment tool [under development])
PVS Global ProgrammeState of Play (June 10, 2009)
OIE Region
s
OIE Members
PVS Requests received
PVS Missions
done
Draft Reports received
PVS Reports
available (Donors
& Partners)
PVS Gap Analysis Request
s received
Africa 51 40 36 35 26 20
Americas 29 17 16 14 5 2
Asia & Pacific 29 13 12 12 5 3
Europe 52 12 12 10 3 3
Middle East 13 12 9 8 2 2
Total 174 94 85 79 41 30
12 rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France - www.oie.int – oie@oie.int
OrganisationMondialede la SantéAnimale
WorldOrganisationfor AnimalHealth
OrganizaciónMundialde SanidadAnimal
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