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Reaching Them All:Reaching Them All:
Using Learning Styles to Teach Using Learning Styles to Teach More EffectivelyMore Effectively
CARLOS F. CAMARGO, PH.D.OHANA FOUNDATION
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What Do You Know?
Using the paper provided by the facilitator, identify what you already know about learning styles by creating one of the following:
• Essay• Outline• Concept map
An example of a mind map is in your manual in Appendix A on page 26.
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Discussion
o What are some key areas you identified about Learning Styles?
o What did you think of this technique?• Do you think you would find it more
difficult to assess an outline or a concept map compared to an essay?
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Objectives
o Identify three main learning styles in the Sarasin model
o Determine your personal learning styleo Define characteristics of each styleo Develop strategies for reaching each styleo Select appropriate teaching methods to
meet the course outcomes of a given course
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What is a Learning Style?
o “A certain pattern of behavior and/or performance according to which the individual approaches a learning experience, a way in which the individual takes in new information and develops new skills, and the process by which the individual retains new information or new skills.”
-Sarasin, 1999
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Influences on Learning Styles
o Environmento Personalityo Biology/genetics
• 3/5 is genetically determined (Dunn, 1990)
o Developmental• May change learning styles as student
matures (Kolb, 1984)
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Do Labels Matter?
o Each author has his/her own theory and label for how students learn
o Research is ongoing, particularly with adult learners
o Focus is on what faculty can do to improve student learning
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Sarasin-1999
o Auditory• Learns best by hearing information
o Visual• Learns best by seeing information in
some kind of visual form
o Tactile/Kinesthetic• Learns best by being physically and
actively involved in learning
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What Does it Mean?
o Ohana TEFL encourages students to learn their style according to the Sarasin model:• Auditory, Visual, Kinesthetic
o Each student learns differentlyo Instructors need to try and reach as many
students as possibleo Certain methods can reach more than one
type of students
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What’s My Style?
o Complete the learning style quiz provided to you by the facilitator
o Select the best answer to the question, realizing that occasionally no answer will match completely
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Activity
o Break into groups by your learning style
o Answer the questions on the sheet provided by the facilitator
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Auditory Learner Descriptors
o Abstract sequentialo Reflectiveo Independento Achievement-orientedo Memory-orientedo Competitiveo Skill-oriented
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Auditory Learners in the Classroom
o Learn best by hearing • Lectures and/or audiotapes
o Distract easily• Noise or music
o Talk to self aloudo Participate in class discussions
• Need time to consider ideas before speaking
o Tape and then listens to lectures latero Use mnemonic devices
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Visual Learner Descriptors
o Abstract randomo Globalo Concreteo Activeo Affectiveo Field-sensitiveo Concept-oriented
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Visual Learners in the Classroom
o Like graphics, pictures, diagramso Find verbal instructions difficult as mind
sometimes wanders o Likes to read, generally a good spellero Doodles frequently, usually organizedo Has good handwritingo Notices details
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Kinesthetic Learner Descriptors
o Dependent and independento Creativeo Behavioralo Needs interactiono Physical by natureo Sensoryo Active
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Kinesthetic Learners in the Classroom
o Likes motion and physical application of information
o May prefer other activities other than reading – could be poor speller
o Uses hands while speakingo Works through problems physically –
translates brain to body quickly
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Activity
o Review the student descriptions on the sheet the facilitator provided
o Identify each student’s learning styleo Form a group of 3 with the people on
either side of you and share your resultso Identify any areas of disagreement and
come to a group conclusion
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What Difference Does My Style Make?
Your learning style affects the way you structure:• Quizzes/tests• Presentations• Lectures• Demonstrations• Lab time
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Current Research Shows
o “A relationship between learning styles and teaching styles is a factor in the success of postsecondary students.” (Sarasin, 1999)
o James Anderson (1985) says that the interaction among teaching styles and learning styles and the classroom environment is primary to the structure and process of learning.
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How Can I Use This in Class?
o Design activities that meet all types of learning styles
o Change activities often• Every 15-20 minutes of class time
o Use activation to gain attentiono Be aware of your learning method
when planning your class
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Auditory Activation Activities
o Verbal questioningo Focusing using directive questionso Verbal sharing or interaction
• Has this ever happened to you? What do you think about this?
o Reword directions, expectations and important points
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Auditory Instructional Activities
o Lectureo Discussiono Activities that involve memoryo Verbal sortingo Individual work
• Students will keep a running commentary in their heads while working. Also appeals to their competitive nature
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Auditory Assessment Techniques
o Allow students to give oral presentationo Question and answer sessiono Include questions on tests that appeal to
their concrete, ordered nature• Multiple choice• Ranking
o Allow them to conduct and present an original research project• Concentrates on independent nature
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Visual Activation Activities
o Add visual aids to instructionso Focusing using writing as a responseo Include visual stimuli in explanationo Use graphics, charts, diagrams to gain
attentiono Provide a “big-picture” view
• Appeals to their holistic method of learning
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Visual Instructional Activities
o Visual formats• PowerPoint appeals to both visual and auditory
o Models and demonstrationso Videoso Mind (concept) mapso Field trips
• Appeals to their holistic view of the concepto Group work
• Appeals to their social nature
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Visual Assessment Techniques
o Problem-based learningo Case studyo Projectso Tests that include essay or short-
answer questionso Mind maps
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Kinesthetic Activation Activities
o Questioning based on physical interactions with objects
o Focus techniques that involve object interaction or manipulation
o Discuss materials to be used in the upcoming lesson, allow students to get hands-on view
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Kinesthetic Instructional Activities
o Internships/Co-opo Field tripso Experiential learning/labso Group work that involves movemento Simulations and demonstrationso Active learning
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Kinesthetic Assessment Techniques
o Role-playo Demonstration of concept to otherso Build a replicao Design/conduct a simulationo Create a lab environment and
experiments
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Activity Design
o Review the course outcomes provided by the facilitator
o Select one outcome and design an activity for each type of learner that includes:• Activation• Instruction• Assessment
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In Closing
o Answer the following questions:• What still confuses you about learning
styles?• What are you going to do differently as
a result of this session?
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Questions?
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