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SEPT 6, 2017
Fall of USSR and Yugoslavia
Get out notebook, ESPN highlighters, and pencil
EQ: How did the fall of communism lead to the turmoil in Yugoslavia in the 1990s?
Problems of Soviet Union in 1980’s
Inefficient farming and manufacturing
Few incentives and little technological innovation
High defense spending
Few consumer goods
Apathetic population
Mikhail Gorbachev
Prime Minister
1985-1991
Five Point Plan Perestroika Glasnost
The Rise of Nationalism
Soviet grip relaxes
Discontent with Soviet govt.
Nationalism Separatist movements
Protestors in Moldova
Fall of USSR
Gorbachev’s policies lead to collapse
August Coup
1991: Soviet Reps. declare independence
Results of the Fall
Transformed the entire world political situation
Reformulation of political, economic and military alliances
End of Cold War and MAD threat
Creation of 24 new independent countries
The Economic Geography of Post-Communist Russia:
Economic Characteristics ofCommunist-era Russia:
* No unemployment- the government guaranteed people jobs.
* Free housing, health care, andcollege tuition- paid for by thegovernment.
Economic Characteristics ofPost-communist Russia:
* High unemployment- many industries collapsed due to competition from the West.
* Housing, health care, and college tuition no longer free.
Overall , the standard-of-living decreased for most Russians after the collapse of communism in 1991
Communist CountriesAt its peak, communism was practiced in dozens of countries:
Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan
Asian Countries: Afghanistan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Mongolia, and Yemen
Soviet Controlled Eastern bloc countries: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia.
The Balkans: Albania, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia.
Africa: Angola, Benin, Congo, Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, and Mozambique.
Currently : Laos, North Korea, Vietnam, China, and Cuba
Think-pair-share
What factors can unify/pull people together? (centripetal forces)
What factors can divide/drive them apart?
(centrifugal forces)
Drawing political borders
Work with a partner to divide up the land on the paper
Keep in mind all of the different factors such as physical features, religion and language
You may divide your country into as many or as few countries as you see fit
What could be the potential areas of conflict in your new countries? Why?
Bosnian War Explained
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae_cTGvxYGI
Why do Serbia and Croatia hate each other?:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbNdMnSpZ30
Yugoslavia HISTORY1918
Carved out of Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires
6 Republics within nation
Yugoslavia HISTORY1945-1980
Soviet sphere of influence
Communist ruleJosip TitoRestored economic stability post WWII
Tensions suppressed tensions
Tito dies in 1980
Yugoslavia HISTORY1980- 1991
Political vacuum after Tito’s death
U.S.S.R. collapses
Multiple nations in Eastern Europe gain independence
Nationalism increases in Yugoslavia
Republics start to break away
Serbia wants to keep region intact and control it politically
Yugoslavia HISTORY1991
Slovenia and Macedonia granted independence
Serbian president = Slobodan Milosevic
Serbs do not allow independence in areas with Serbian minority
Yugoslavia HISTORY
1992-1995
Civil war breaks out between Bosnia and Serbia
War of Independence breaks out between Croatia and Bosnia
Serbs commit genocide against Bosnian Croats and Muslims in order make Bosnia more
“Serbian”.
Post civil-war
USA sponsors peace talks in 1995-Dayton Accords
Milosevic tried for crimes against humanity
Bosnia granted independence
Macedonia granted independence in 2006
Former Yugoslavia is now Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Macedonia
BALKANIZATIONThe process of breaking up a
region/country into smaller, mutually
hostile countries.
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