Occasions for Public Speaking. The Rhetorical Situation Rhetoric – The study of how messages...

Occasions for Public Speaking

The Rhetorical Situation

Rhetoric – The study of how messages affect people

A speech takes place in a specific situation

A rhetorical situation is a situation in which people’s understandings can be changed through messages

The Rhetorical Situation

Factors

The Audience

The Occasion

Different forms of speaking for different occasions

The Speaker

The Speech

Constraints & Opportunities

Shuttle Challenger

President Ronald Reagan

Influence of the Occasion

Specific speeches for specific occasions

Constraints created by occasions

Constraints not absolute

Decorum “A decorous speech is one that conforms to

the expectations of a particular occasion.”

Formality

Length

Intensity

Decorum Supporting material

Identification

Identify your purpose

Deliberative Speaking

Prevalent with any formal or informal decision-making group – “What shall we do?”

Answer not self evident, but a decision is required

Involves informing and persuading

Deliberative Speaking

Community Service

Oral reports & presentations

Group presentations

Public hearings & debates

Ceremonial Speaking

Also known as epideictic speaking

Focus on values and bringing people together

Impact of resonance

Articulating unexpressed feelings

Ceremonial Speaking

Speeches of greeting

Introductions

Speeches of tribute

Testimonials, eulogies, toasts, roasts

Speeches marking awards

Presentation, acceptance

Deliberative/Ceremonial

Keynote

After-dinner

Commencement

Discussion Discuss Jobs’s speech within the context of

the rhetorical situation (audience, occasion, speaker, speech, constraints)

Does the speech employ qualities of ceremonial and deliberative speaking? How so?

Is Jobs’s speech memorable? Why or why not?

Chip Kidd

Discussion How does Kidd attempt to establish

resonance and/or identification with audience members?

What are your thoughts on the structure and “pace” of Kidd’s presentation?

Is Kidd’s presentation memorable? Why or why not?