Observing the distant solar system with Subaru and the New … · 2019-12-04 · Observing the...

Observing the distant solar

system with Subaru and the

New Horizons spacecraft

JJ Kavelaars - for the New Horizons science team

THE KUIPER BELT AND PLANET

FORMATION

Constraints from orbits and surface properties

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Orbital Distribution of the Kuiper belt

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1142 TNO orbits from the CFHT surveys (CFEPS, HiLat, OSSOS)

Bannister et al. 2018

Orbital Distribution of the Kuiper belt

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Bannister et al. 2018

1142 TNO orbits from the CFHT surveys (CFEPS, HiLat, OSSOS)

TNOs orbits probe epoch of planet formation in

the Outer Solar System

Blue Binaries (Fraser et al., 2018) 5

Manset et al. 2019

Bimodality of the colour distribution exhibited

by 229 KBOs in the Colours for OSSOS project.

Manset et al. 2019

Colour and Inclination are correlated

among the TNOs

No red TNOs in the high-inclination

populations.

Inclination is a strong signature of

scattering.

Appears that the red-objects come from

a region of the solar system that did not

experience strong dynamical stirring.

See talk by Pike tomorrow

Subaru and New Horizons – probing the TNOs

8NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA

Launch : 19 January 2006 14th Anniversary

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New Horizons Instruments

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LORRI: High-Resolution Panchromatic Imager:

Geology, Navigation, Searches for

Moons and Rings

Ralph: Color Imager and Infrared Composition

Mapper

Alice: Ultraviolet Spectral Imager:

Atmospheric Searches

REX: Radio Science Experiment: Surface

Temperature and Radar Reflectivity

SWAP: Low-Energy Charged Particle Detector:

Solar Wind Interaction

PEPSSI: High-Energy Charged Particle

Detector: Search for Emitted Ions

SDC: Dust Impact Detector

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MOVING INTO THE KUIPER BELT

Searching for a close encounter target

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The Kuiper belt in 1999 – planning an encounter

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2012 Search from Subaru

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2013 Search from Subaru

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2014 Search from Subaru

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How Close were we in 2013?

About 130 m/sec available onboard for KBO

targeting

The closest KBO found from the ground would

required 220 m/sec ΔV to reach

Delta-V statistics suggest we are ~75% complete

to R~25.6

Required ΔVs for discovered objects (blue

histograms)

Prediction from models and based on achieved

depths (red curve).

Might have got there by now if small-number

statistics had been kinder…

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Search with HST-ACS

160 orbits – 83 Fields – r < 27.5NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 19

CLOSE ENCOUNTER WITH ATTOKOTH

First ever resolved imaging of a TNO

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Approach imaging

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Stern et al., 2019

December 31, 2018

Ultima Thul

e Flyby

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IR spectrum of integrated spectrum of 2014 MU69

NEW HORIZONS A SPACE CRUISING

OBSERVATORY

TNOs found during the encounter target search

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Journey to the Solar System’s Frontier25

New Horizons– a space cruising observatoryNATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 26

Shadow hiding at low phase and

surface roughness at moderate phase angles

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From Lumme and Bowel (1981)

Example of Distant TNO discovered by Subaru

and observed by New Horizons at large phase

KEM Distant Kuiper Belt Objects (DKBO) Observations

Anne Verbiscer Simon Porter, Susan Benecchi, J. J. Kavelaars, Harold Weaver, John Spencer, Marc Buie, Bonnie

Buratti, Catherine Olkin, Joel Parker, Alan Stern, Leslie Young, Kelsi Singer, and the New Horizons Science Team

0.5 AUa = 74°

0.6 AUa = 47°

0.9 AUa = 29°

Hot Classical (516977) 2012 HZ84

New Horizons 43rd Science Team Meeting Orlando, Florida 23 October 2019 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 30

2012 HZ84 shallow phase slope

2011 HK103 shallow phase slope

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DKBO Solar Phase Curves

All phase coefficients (slopes) between 10 and 50 deg phase are 0.03 mag/degree

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA

DKBO Solar Phase Curves

All phase coefficients (slopes) between 10 and 50 deg phase are 0.03 mag/degree

Verbiscer et al, 2019

DKBO Solar Phase Curves

All phase coefficients (slopes) between 10 and 50 deg phase are 0.03 mag/degree

2011 HJ103 shallow phase slope.

2011 JY31 steeper phase slope

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DKBO Solar Phase Curves

All phase coefficients (slopes) between 10 and 50 deg phase are 0.03 mag/degree

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA

Verbiscer et al, 2019

Phase variation at low phase angle – small

sample with variation

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HC

Verbiscer et al, 2019

NEW HORIZONS OPPORTUNITY FOR

PARTNERSHIP

Continuing into the future.

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All systems functional: Power from RTG good.

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Still

working

Power

Switching

Commands

Power

Switching

CommandsTh

ruste

r V

alv

e D

rive, C

at.

Bed

Heate

rs

1PPS

Cross

Strap #1

1PPS

Cross

Strap #2

BP

A

BP

A

BP

A

BP

A

External

Shunts

Internal

Shunts

Cat. Bed Temp

Sensors

On All

REAs

RS

-422

INS

TR

UM

EN

TS

G&

C P

rocesso

r

C&

DH

Pro

cesso

r

SS

R

Do

wn

lin

k T

x

G&

C P

rocesso

r

C&

DH

Pro

cesso

r

Do

wn

lin

k T

x

SRU

PDU

RTG

Obs. Power Bus (30V +/- 1V)

Star

Tracker

POWER

GUIDANCE

& CONTROL

Component

Power

I2C

Mil Std 1553 Bus

LNA

LO

RR

I

PE

PS

SI

AL

ICE

RA

LP

H

RS

-422

LNA

Aft

LGA

Fwd

LGA

Switch

Network

RF COMMUNICATIONS

USO

Dip

lexer

Co

mm

an

d

De

co

der

TWTA

Instr

um

en

t

Inte

rface

Instr

um

en

t

Inte

rface

C&DH (PCI Backplane)

SW

AP

Star

Tracker

SS

R

C&DH (PCI Backplane)

Internal

Heaters

THERMAL

CONTROL

INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS MODULE #1

INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS MODULE #2

Shunt Regulator

Majo

rity

Vo

ter

& T

LM

LV

DS

RS

-422

LV

DS

RS

-422

RS

-422

LV

DS

HGA

RIO

(7)

RIO

(7)

SD

C

MGA

Up

lin

k R

xC

CD

Up

lin

k R

xC

CD

P

A1

A2

A3

Latch

Valves

0.8 N ACS

Thrusters

4.4 N V

Thrusters

Filter

Fill/Drain

Fill/Vent

GHe

N2H4

P

Orifice

PROPULSION

Pressure

Transducer

C4 D4

B1

B2

B3

T

C1

C2

C3

D1

D2

D3

F1 F2

Hybrid

USO

EPC

EPC

Po

wer

Sw

itch

ing

Cu

rren

t L

imit

(8 S

lices)

Ca

pacit

or

Ba

nk

(33m

F)

Dri

vers

(15)

Au

xilia

ry

LV

S

TL

M

Auxiliary

Interfaces

RE

X, R

eg

. R

an

ge

I2C

1PPS

Cross

Strap #2

TWTA

1PPS

Cross

Strap #1

DC/DC Converter, Uplink/DownlinkDC/DC Converter, IEM Digital

DC/DC Converter, Uplink/DownlinkDC/DC Converter, IEM Digital

Fine Sun

Sensors

Co

ntr

ol

(3)

PDB

(2)

IMU

IMU

Sun Pulse

Sensors

1553

CM

D/T

LM

STRUCTURE

HARNESS

FLIGHT SOFTWARE

C&DH 4.2

G&C 4.1

Boot 3.8

Autonomy 16

COMMAND & DATA HANDLING

Legend

Checked Out OK

Not Checked Out

Checked Out With Issue

Checkout Not Planned

Modes and States

AS-N

PS-N

PS-H

3A-N

3A-E

AS-EA

AS-SAAS-T

PS-T

3A-T

RE

X, R

eg

. R

an

ge

All System Go

National Research Council of Canada 36

23 October 2019 All Systems Nominal – Green is Go!

Propellant Margin 9/30/2019 Thruster Cycles Margin 9/30/2019

Propellant

(kg)Thruster Cycles

Usable propellant loaded at launch (Note 1) 75.59End of KEM Thruster Cycle Limit = (Qual Limit on

D1/D3 + Qual Limit on B1/B3)818,000

Propellant used as of 9/30/2019 62.79Thruster cycles used as of 9/30/2019 = (Max of

D1/D3+B1/B3 and 2*An/Cn) (Note 2)617,276

Usable propellant remaining as of 9/30/2019 = (75.59-

62.79) ± 0.8 kg (Notes 1,2)12.80

Thruster cycles remaining as of 9/30/2019 =

(818000-617276)200,724

Propellant budgeted for use after 9/30/2019 (Note 3) 1.50Thruster cycles budgeted for use after 9/30/2019

(Note 3)30,473

Predicted usable propellant remaining at end of KEM =

(12.80-1.5) ± 0.8 kg11.30

Predicted usable thruster cycles at end of KEM =

(200724-30473)170,251

Margin = (12.80-1.5)/12.80 88% Margin = (200724-30473)/200724 85%

(1) Includes the additional 700 g due to new expulsion eff iciency estimate approved by A. Stern on 4/25/2019

(2) From Weekly Status Report dated 10/1/2019

(3) From MOL v55.2 and planned Mission Operations

Propellant & Thruster Cycle Margin

23 October 2019 New Horizons Science Team Meeting 37

Sufficient resources for another flyby, if a target is identified.

Proposed 2012 Search Area using HSC

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Subaru and New Horizons – probing the TNOs

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2021 search using Subaru - HSC

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THANK YOUJJ Kavelaars • New Horizons Co-Investigator • JJ.Kavelaars@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca