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Obrajes bridge tO Market
Design Team:Thomas BurklanD
maria giBBs
russell glorioso
Thomas haDzor
Duke universiTy
PraTT school of engineering
DeParTmenT of civil anD environmenTal engineering
civil engineering 142sPring 2009
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
exisTing conDiTions
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
siTe
Project Site
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
Design alTernaTives
Floating BridgeUtilizing the bouyant force of water, this bridge would respond to a flooded river by simply rising on it. Inspired by pontoon boats, and potentially recycling oil drums, this bridge would be simple to maintain, if not to cross.
Major concerns about durability, safety, and reliability shelved this untested concept.
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
Design alTernaTives
Culvert BridgeThe culvert bridge is a standard rural design. It is durable, easily crossed, and relatively simple to construct. Large round pipes - culverts - allow water to flow through, leaving the bridge nearly untouched.
Major drawbacks are the uncertainty of availability of appropriate culverts, or the manpower needed to construct such a bridge.
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
Design alTernaTives
Hardened RoadwayThe simplest option by far, the hardened roadway is little more than a slab on grade. It is easy to build and maintain and potentially extremely durable. However, in times of flooding, this solution becomes impassable.
In the times of high water that make this bridge project necessary, this option will be unusable. While it would become passable faster than mud could dry, the significant problem of flooding makes this option less than optimal.
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
Design Decision
We utilized a spreadsheet of values, scoring each bridge out of ten for eight useful categories.
Our results indicated that the culvert design was the best option, so we moved forward with a design for a culvert bridge.
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
1
2
3
4
A B C D E F
10
x 2
0
10
x 2
0
10
x 2
0
10
x 2
0
10
x 2
0
10
x 2
0
14 x 25
14 x 25
14 x 25
14 x 25
14 x 25
14 x 25
14 x 25
14 x 25 14 x 25
14 x 25
14 x 25
14 x 25 14 x 25
14 x 25
14 x 25
14 x 25 14 x 25
14 x 25
14 x 25
14 x 25
12' - 0" 12' - 0"
12
' - 0"
12
' - 0"
1
2
3
4
A B C D E F
2' - 9" 1' - 8"
1' - 0"
5' - 0"
5' - 0
"
20' - 0" 20' - 0" 20' - 0" 20' - 0"20' - 0"
4' - 0
"4
' - 0"
4' - 0
"
1
2
3
4
A B C D E F
12' - 0"
Scale
Date
Drawn By
Checked By
Project Number
1/4" = 1'-0"
S1
PLANS
CE 142
BOLIVIA BRIDGE
TJH
TAB
4/27/2009
SE2009
1/4" = 1'-0"1
03 - DECK
1/4" = 1'-0"2
01 - FOUNDATION
1/4" = 1'-0"3
02 - BANKS
Plans
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
elevaTions
02 - BANKS0' - 0"
03 - DECK1' - 6"
01 - FOUNDATION-7' - 0"
1 2 3 4
02 - BANKS0' - 0"
03 - DECK1' - 6"
01 - FOUNDATION-7' - 0"
1234
02 - BANKS0' - 0"
03 - DECK1' - 6"
01 - FOUNDATION-7' - 0"
ABCDEF
THIS AREA TO BEFILLED IN WITH SOIL
THIS AREA TO BEFILLED IN WITH SOIL
02 - BANKS0' - 0"
03 - DECK1' - 6"
01 - FOUNDATION-7' - 0"
A B C D E F
THIS AREA TO BEFILLED IN WITH SOIL THIS AREA TO BE
FILLED IN WITH SOIL
Scale
Date
Drawn By
Checked By
Project Number
1/4" = 1'-0"
S2
ELEVATIONS
CE 142
BOLIVIA BRIDGE
TJH
TAB
4/27/2009
SE2009
1/4" = 1'-0"1
EAST ELEVATION
1/4" = 1'-0"2
WEST ELEVATION
1/4" = 1'-0"3
NORTH ELEVATION
1/4" = 1'-0"4
SOUTH ELEVATION
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
connecTions
5 #4 BARS @ 14" O.C.
4 #8 BARS
#3 TIES@ 1'-0" O.C.
1' - 8
"
0' - 10"
1' - 0
"1
' - 0"
1' - 0
"
0' - 2"0' - 2"
#3 TIES@ 1'-0" O.C.
4 #8 BARS
2 LONGITUDINAL #8 BARS
Scale
Date
Drawn By
Checked By
Project Number
3" = 1'-0"
D1
DETAILS
CE 142
BOLIVIA BRIDGE
TJH
TAB
4/27/2009
SE2009
3" = 1'-0"2
02 - COLUMN INTO FOOTING 3" = 1'-0"
101 - COLUMN INTO PRIMARY BEAM
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
reBar Plan
1' - 2
"
1' - 2
"
2 LONGITUDINAL #8 BARSIN PRIMARY BEAM
COLUMN BARS BEND AND EXTENDALONG PRIMARY BEAM
2 #8 BARS EXTEND INTO BOTHSECONDARY AND PRIMARY BEAMSTHE DEVELOPEMENT LENGTH
0' - 2
1/2
"
0' - 2
1/2
"
0' - 1
5/8
"
4 LONGITUDINAL #8 BARSIN EACH SECONDARY BEAM
1' - 0
"
1' - 0
"
0' - 3 1/2"0' - 3 1/2"
2' - 9
"
Scale
Date
Drawn By
Checked By
Project Number
3" = 1'-0"
D2
DETAILS
CE 142
BOLIVIA BRIDGE
TJH
TAB
4/27/2009
SE2009
3" = 1'-0"1
03 - REBAR PLAN VIEW
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
DeTails
02 - BANKS0' - 0"
03 - DECK1' - 6"
01 - FOUNDATION-7' - 0"
A
0' - 3
"
2' - 9" 1' - 8"
7' - 0
"1
' - 0"
1' - 0"
2 #8 BARS
2 #8 BARS
Scale
Date
Drawn By
Checked By
Project Number
As indicated
D3
DETAILS
CE 142
BOLIVIA BRIDGE
TJH
TAB
4/27/2009
SE2009
3" = 1'-0"1
04 - PRIMARY AND SECONDARY BEAMS
3/4" = 1'-0"2
05 - RETAINING WALL
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
PracTical consiDeraTionscourTesy of WooDy kloesel, Pe
Optimal water/cement ratio ≤ 0.55
Reinforcing steel: Fy = 40 ksi
Concrete: fc’ = 2500 psi (EWB recommended for site-mixed)
Allowable soil bearing pressure: 2000 psf
Suggested Rho value: ρ= 0.0045
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
final Design
Deck0.6C24 Deck2.5” DeepWWF= 6x6 W2.1 x W2.1 (As=0.042)
Primary Beam10 x 20 with 2-#8 barsTops each of the four sets of columns and the retaining wall.
Secondary Beam14 x 25 with 4-#8 barsRuns with the flow of traffic, @ 4’ O.C.
Column10 x 12 reinforced concrete4 #8 bars with #3 ties @ 1’-0” O.C.
Spread Footing60 x 60 x 85 #4 bars @ 1’-2” O.C. in each direction
Major materials used
Concrete: 1846 ft3
Metal Decking: 1200 ft2
WWF: 12 csf
#3 bars: 140 ft
#4 bars: 400 ft
#8 bars: 2259 ft
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
concreTe mix Design
Goals: water/cement ratio ≤ 0.55 concrete fc’ ≥ 2500 psi
Concrete Mix:
Water: 0.5 lb/ft3
Cement: 25.38 lb/ft3
Coarse Aggregate: 73.89 lb/ft3
Fine Aggregate: 48.9 lb/ft3
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
form Design
NOTE: Each design is for one of the objects it specifies
Footing: 4 - 1” x 8” timbers; two cut at 5’-2”, two cut at 5’-0”
Column: 4 - 1” x 12” timbers; cut at 6’-5”
Primary Beam: 5 - 1/2” plywood; one cut to 12’-0” x 11”, two cut to 11’-11” x 20”, two cut to 11” x 20”
Secondary Beam: 5 - 1/2” plywood; one cut to 12’-0” x 15”, two cut to 1’-3” x 2’-1”, two cut to 19’-11” x 2’-1”
Ramp: 4 - 1” x 4” timbers; two cut to 12’-0”, two cut to 12’-2”
Retaining Wall Slab: 4 - 1” x 12” timbers; two cut to 5’-5”; two cut to 12’-2”
Retaining Wall: 4 - 1/2” plywood; two cut to 6’-5” x 1’-2”, two cut to 6’-5” x 12’-0”
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 S PRING 2009
COS T E S TIMATIONMaterials List
1 U.S. dollar = 7.02000702 Bolivian bolivianos
Item Amount per ElementUnits Multiply by 1.25Convert to m# of 12m bars# of ElementsCost(BOB) Units Cost (USD) Cost
Spread Footing 8
concrete 16.7 cf
rebar (8 #4 bars)12.7mm 400 ft 500 152.4 13 135.71 per 12 m bar $19.34
Column 8
concrete
rebar (6 #3 bars)9.525mm 140 ft 173.6 52.91328 5 85.26 per 12m bar $12.15
Primary Beam 6
concrete
rebar (2 #8 bars) 2259 ft 2823.75 860.679 72 604.55 per 12m bar $86.14
Secondary Beam 20
concrete
rebar (4 #8 bars)28.65mm 0 ft 0 0 0 604.55 per 12m bar $86.14
Retaining Wall 2
concrete
rebar (2 #8 bars) 1 ft 1.25 0.381 1 604.55 per 12m bar $86.14 $172.28
Welded Wire Fabric 12 csf
Deck
concrete
metal decking 1200 sf 1 15.94 sf $2.27
anchor bolts
Form Work
plywood $1,000
lumber (i.e. 2 x 4) $1,000
nails (clavos) 1000 18/kg(.35/nail) $0.05 $50.00
Total
# 8 re-bar 2259 ft 2823.75 860.679 72 604.55 per 12m bar $86.14 $6,202.08
#4 re-bar 400 ft 500 152.4 13 135.71 per 12m bar $19.34 $251.42
# 3 re-bar 140 ft 175 53.34 5 8.26 per 12m bar $12.15 $60.75
Concrete 1846 ft $8,452
Metal Decking 1200 sf 15.94 sf $2.27 $2,724.00
Welded Wire Fabric 12 csf 15.16 csf $2.16 $25.92
Concrete 1846 cf
Portland Cement 23.33 lb/cf
Coarse Aggregate(Gravel) 73.89 lb/cf
Fine Aggregate (Sand) 48.9 lb/cf
Water
Welded Wire Mesh 347.49/cfs $49.50
Misc. Materials
Trowels(paleta, badilejo) 5 18 $2.56 $12.80
Shovels(pala) 10 85 $12.11 $121.10
Wheelbarrows 5 600 $85.49 $427.45
Concrete Mixer 2 $1,000 $1,000
Stakes 200 1.75 $0.25 $50.00
Tape Measures 5 28 $4.00 $20.00
Levels (nivel) 5 17 $2.42 $12.10
Spray Paint 20 35 $5 $100
Surveying Equipment *brought from Duke $0 $0
Helmets(cascos) 20 30 $0.27 $5.40
Gloves(guantes de cuero) 20 20 $2.85 $57.00
Breathing Masks 10 10 $1.42 $14.20
Safety Glasses(gafas) 10 15 $2.14 $21.40
Wood Saws 10 40 $5.70 $57.00
Hammars (martillo) 10 45 $6.41 $64.10
Total Cost $21,728.72
English Spanish
rebar Acero Corrugado
Concrete 1846 cf Times 1846 Divide by pounds per bag
Portland Cement 23.33 lb/cf 43067.18 538.33975 48.20 per bag80 pound bag $6.87 $3,698.39
Coarse Aggregate(Gravel) 73.89 lb/cf 136400.9 1705.0118 77.22 per bag40 pound bag $4.00 $6,820.05
Fine Aggregate (Sand) 48.9 lb/cf 90269.4 4513.47 46.33 per bag20 pound bag $6.60
Water Readily Availible
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
Construction Scheduling
BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009
QuesTions?
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