Objective Activities and Achievements Citrus Research Institute Sargodha

OBECTIVES, ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS

BY

ALTAF-UR-REHMAN KHAN DIRECTOR,

CITRUS RESEARCH INSTITUTE SARGODHA

WORLD CITRUS PRODUCTION

Production (million tonnes)

Area (thousand hac.)

World 105.07 7526.9

Pakistan 2294.47 thousand tonnes2.18 %

199.40 thousand hac.2.64 %

Sargodha 53 % 47.9 %

Pakistan is at 11th position by production among world’s top citrus producing countries.

The average yield of citrus in Pakistan is 9.0 tonnes/hac.

World wise Citrus Trade 2.135 billion $

Share of Pakistan 33 million $ 2.5 %

OBJECTIVES

To introduce new orange varieties (Early, mid and late) to expand the availability period of Citrus.

Promotion of seedless orange varieties. Executing research for the improvement

of yield & quality of oranges through suitable cultural and orchard management techniques (irrigation, plant protection, nutrition, pruning etc.

Identification of research on the diseases & pests present in Citrus orchards and to find out the effective control measures.

To conduct studies for the reduction of post harvest losses in Citrus

Research on nursery management.Production of nursery plants of

different citrus fruits varieties. Advisory service to the growers

ORGANIZATION

Secretary Agriculture

Director General Agri. (Research)

Director Citrus Research Institute

Administration & Technical Division

Horticulture Division

Entomology Division

Diseases Division

Post Harvest Division

Soil & Plant Nutrition Division

Research Stations

Citrus Research Station, Sargodha

Horticultural Research Station, Sahiwal

Different Section of Citrus Research Institute Sargodha

1.Administration and Technical Division

• Director 1

2.Horticulture Division

• Horticulturist 1• Assistant Horticulturist 1

3.Entomology Division

• Assistant EntomologistVacant

• Assistant Res. Officer 1

4.Disease Division

• Asst. Plant Pathologist Vacant• Assistant Res. Officer 1

5.Post Harvest Division

• Asst. Food Technologist Vacant• Assistant Res. Officer 1

6.Soil and Plant Nutrition Division

• Assistant Agri. Chemist 1• Assistant Res. Officer 1

Varietal Diversification

Two strains of Valencia late identified from the home garden of Khanzada Sahib i.e.

Khanzada Shadiwal-1 and Khanzada Shadiwal-2

• Prominent Characters

K.S. 1 K.S. 2– Av. Fruit Weight = 187.38 gram 268.45 gram– Rind thickness = 4.5 mm 5.3 mm– Juice percentage = 54.3 50.26

– Total soluble solids (brix) = 11 % 9.8 %– Acidity %age = 0.83 0.80– TSS/Acid ratio = 13.2 12.40

Sweet Orange GroupVarieties Studied

Varieties Recommended

23 4 Salustiana(Seedless)

Marrs Early (Almost seedless)

Casa Grande (Less seedy)

Tarocco (Seedless)

Marss Early

Mandarin Group

Varieties Studied

Varieties Recommended

9 1 Honey (Consistent and heavy bearer)

Tangerine Group

Varieties Studied

Varieties Recommended

5 2 Fremont Fairchild(Less seedy, eye catching and

less seedy hybrid varieties)

FAIR CHILD

Grapefruit

Varieties Studied

Varieties Recommended

11 2 Shamber (Seedless)

Red blush (Seedless)

Lemons and limes

Varieties Studied

Varieties Recommended

18 4 Eureka Mesero Tahiti lime (Virtually

Seedless)

Palestine Sweet

lime

Determination of Maturity times

Honey mandarin Mid October to Mid November

Feutrells early Mid November to Mid December

Kinnow mandarin Mid of January to Mid March

Shamber Grapefruit Mid December to Mid February

Rootstock Evaluation

• A broad based rootstock evaluation programme for improving the yield and fruit quality is under way. Carrizo citrange, Troyer citrange, volkamirana, mithi, kharna khata and gadha dahi have been evaluated for salustiana sweet orange. Plant growth and better fruit quality have been attained in citranges

Development of Double Grafting Technique

• Through using graft wood of quality improving citrus species i.e. Sweet lime, C-35 citrange, Carrizo citrange better internal quality character have been achieved

Nutritional Studies including micronutrients

• NPK at 1000 -500 – 500 gm/plant + FYM at 60 kg/plant recommended for better yield.

• Attained increase in yield as 15.19% with the application of B at 60 ppm.

Water saving through Furrow Irrigation

• Furrow Irrigation resulted in substantial saving of irrigation water up to 60% as compared to Flood irrigation.

• Plants remained un-affected from soil born fungal diseases in furrow irrigation.

Pressurized irrigation system in citrus orchards.

• Drip • Sprinkler (Turbo-gyronet) • Sprinkler- gyronet

Sprinkler (Turbo-gyronet) Sprinkler- gyronet Drip

Findings:

Better yield per plant i.e. 145 kg were abstained in drip system where as Turbo gyronet 137.12 kg/plant proved the next better method.

INSTALATION OF TENSIOMETER

Furrow system of irrigation

TRIAL -2: Modification of flood irrigation system to furrow.

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Furrow area: 12000 Sq ft Flood: 12000 sq ft

MEASUREMENT OF THE WATER QUANTITY BY USING FLUM METER

Disease Studies • Detected Causes of Citrus Decline Abnormal

Temperature surge during summer and soil born fungus species are the main causes

• Control of Citrus Scab disease through topspin-M and Copper Oxychloride with respective doses of 1.5 gm and 2.5 gm/lit. have been achieved.

• Citrus Greening through Iodine testing method identification of citrus greening was done in sectional orchard on Star Ruby Grapefruit and Hamlin sweet orange

• Fungicides and Antibiotic were tested for their efficacy where streptomycin spray at 1 gm/lit. proved effective on grapefruit which is very susceptible to Citrus Canker

Control of Citrus Canker

Insect Pest Survey in Sargodha Area

• Citrus Psylla 49% • Mealy bug 44 %• Leaf miner 45 %• Fruit Fly 70 %• Lemon butter fly 48 %• Thrips 40 %• Mites 20 %• Scales 25 %

• Prevalence of fruitfully was more as compared to other pests. Next to fruit fly Citrus Psylla was found as problematic pests.

CITRUS DECLINE• Training Programmes in different Tehsils

through farmers days 8

• Union Council Level 38

– The problem of Citrus Decline reverted to a reasonable extent

Completion and Compilation of Survey Report on size reduction and quality degradation in kinnow

mandarin

COPMLETED

• Exhibition/Seminars 3

• Varietal Registration– Kinnow – Salustiana Orange– Feutrell’s early– Shamber Grapfruit

• Geographical indication of kinnow

– In collaboration with Kinnow Growers Association the development of document for bringing Sargodha kinnow under geographical indication submitted.

• Indexation work for the selection of less seedy kinnow completed

• Registration of Nursery

– The case of registration of nine nursery has been sent to the quarter concerned

ENRICHMENT OF GENE BANK

• Sweet Oranges 42

• Mandarin 09

• Grapefruit 11

• Tangrines 03

• Lemon & limes 12

• Acid lime 05

• Rootstock 42

ON GOING PROJECTS

Name of GPU Area Possession date

Muhammad Nagar(Tesh. Arif wala)Pakpattan

12.5 acres

20.09.06

Sodhi jaw wali (soan valley)Dist. Khushab (orange)

5 acre & 2 kanals

30.4.08

FRUIT & VEGETABLE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Germplasm at M.Nagar1-mother block of scion vari.

Planted16-10-06

10-03-08

Kinnow, Feutrells early, Honey mandarin, Salustiana, Marrs Early, Succari, Tarocco, Faisalabad pride, Casa Grande, Musambi, Jaffa, Parson Brown, Hinckley, At wood early, Cara Cara Navel, Pine apple, Olinda Valencia, Cutter Valencia, Shamber. Star Ruby, Rio red, Ray Ruby, Reed, Flame, Red Blush, Frost Marsh, Kaghzi lime, Tahati lime, Persian lime, Messero, Frost Lisbon, Deperse, Ruby Blood, Palestine lime( 35 )

Planted on 27-11-08 Blood red, Rhode Red, Early Gold, Olinda, Fair Child, Eustis ( 6 )

Seed garden at M.N. mother block of rootstocks

• 1-C-35• 2-FLYING DRAGON• 3-VOLKA MARIANA• 4-RANGPUR LIME• 5-ROUGH LEMON (JATTI KHATTI)• 6- CELOPETRA• 7- GHADHA DAHEE

View of Sodhi GPU

SODHI GPU

Germplasm at Sodhi Jay Wali

Date of Plantation 9.9.2008

Salustiana, Musambi, Valencia late, Casa Grande, Pine apple, Olinda Valencia, Shamber, Star Ruby, and Parson brown, Murrcot, Seedless Kinnow, Glen Navel, Itaborai, Emby Gold, Rhode Red.

16

TRAINING FOR NURSERYMEN

NURSERYMEN TRAINING

No. of Plants Sold

Sargodha 62991

Sahiwal 257069

Resumed Mittchle Fruit Farm 115019

Renalakhurd

Total 435079

Contribution of Seedless Plants 60537

From both Stations

AGRICULTURE SECTOR LINKAGE PROJECT IN COLABORATION WITH

AUSTRALIA

OBJECTIVES

• Improvement in orchards management practices (pruning, irrigation, crop regularization and high density plantation)

• Augmentation of Germplasm• Capacity building of the researchers and

extension staff and Farmers

• Pruning 07

• Nursery Management 10

• Irrigation 03

• High density Plantation 01

EXOTIC INTRODUCTION

Cara Cara Orange Fisher

ImperialHamlin

HendersonLane late

Nova Fisher

Salustiana

Freemont